Brown Adipose Tissue in Morbidly Obese Subjects
Cold-stimulated adaptive thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT) to increase energy expenditure is suggested as a possible therapeutic target for the treatment of obesity. We have recently shown high prevalence of BAT in adult humans, which was inversely related to body mass index (BMI) and body...
Saved in:
| Published in | PloS one Vol. 6; no. 2; p. e17247 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
United States
Public Library of Science
24.02.2011
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
Cover
Loading…
| Abstract | Cold-stimulated adaptive thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT) to increase energy expenditure is suggested as a possible therapeutic target for the treatment of obesity. We have recently shown high prevalence of BAT in adult humans, which was inversely related to body mass index (BMI) and body fat percentage (BF%), suggesting that obesity is associated with lower BAT activity. Here, we examined BAT activity in morbidly obese subjects and its role in cold-induced thermogenesis (CIT) after applying a personalized cooling protocol. We hypothesize that morbidly obese subjects show reduced BAT activity upon cold exposure.
After applying a personalized cooling protocol for maximal non-shivering conditions, BAT activity was determined using positron-emission tomography and computed tomography (PET-CT). Cold-induced BAT activity was detected in three out of 15 morbidly obese subjects. Combined with results from lean to morbidly obese subjects (n = 39) from previous study, the collective data show a highly significant correlation between BAT activity and body composition (P<0.001), respectively explaining 64% and 60% of the variance in BMI (r = 0.8; P<0.001) and BF% (r = 0.75; P<0.001). Obese individuals demonstrate a blunted CIT combined with low BAT activity. Only in BAT-positive subjects (n = 26) mean energy expenditure was increased significantly upon cold exposure (51.5±6.7 J/s versus 44.0±5.1 J/s, P = 0.001), and the increase was significantly higher compared to BAT-negative subjects (+15.5±8.9% versus +3.6±8.9%, P = 0.001), indicating a role for BAT in CIT in humans.
This study shows that in an extremely large range of body compositions, BAT activity is highly correlated with BMI and BF%. BAT-positive subjects showed higher CIT, indicating that BAT is also in humans involved in adaptive thermogenesis. Increasing BAT activity could be a therapeutic target in (morbid) obesity. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Cold-stimulated adaptive thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT) to increase energy expenditure is suggested as a possible therapeutic target for the treatment of obesity. We have recently shown high prevalence of BAT in adult humans, which was inversely related to body mass index (BMI) and body fat percentage (BF%), suggesting that obesity is associated with lower BAT activity. Here, we examined BAT activity in morbidly obese subjects and its role in cold-induced thermogenesis (CIT) after applying a personalized cooling protocol. We hypothesize that morbidly obese subjects show reduced BAT activity upon cold exposure. After applying a personalized cooling protocol for maximal non-shivering conditions, BAT activity was determined using positron-emission tomography and computed tomography (PET-CT). Cold-induced BAT activity was detected in three out of 15 morbidly obese subjects. Combined with results from lean to morbidly obese subjects (n = 39) from previous study, the collective data show a highly significant correlation between BAT activity and body composition (P<0.001), respectively explaining 64% and 60% of the variance in BMI (r = 0.8; P<0.001) and BF% (r = 0.75; P<0.001). Obese individuals demonstrate a blunted CIT combined with low BAT activity. Only in BAT-positive subjects (n = 26) mean energy expenditure was increased significantly upon cold exposure (51.5±6.7 J/s versus 44.0±5.1 J/s, P = 0.001), and the increase was significantly higher compared to BAT-negative subjects (+15.5±8.9% versus +3.6±8.9%, P = 0.001), indicating a role for BAT in CIT in humans. This study shows that in an extremely large range of body compositions, BAT activity is highly correlated with BMI and BF%. BAT-positive subjects showed higher CIT, indicating that BAT is also in humans involved in adaptive thermogenesis. Increasing BAT activity could be a therapeutic target in (morbid) obesity. Background Cold-stimulated adaptive thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT) to increase energy expenditure is suggested as a possible therapeutic target for the treatment of obesity. We have recently shown high prevalence of BAT in adult humans, which was inversely related to body mass index (BMI) and body fat percentage (BF%), suggesting that obesity is associated with lower BAT activity. Here, we examined BAT activity in morbidly obese subjects and its role in cold-induced thermogenesis (CIT) after applying a personalized cooling protocol. We hypothesize that morbidly obese subjects show reduced BAT activity upon cold exposure. Methods and Findings After applying a personalized cooling protocol for maximal non-shivering conditions, BAT activity was determined using positron-emission tomography and computed tomography (PET-CT). Cold-induced BAT activity was detected in three out of 15 morbidly obese subjects. Combined with results from lean to morbidly obese subjects (n = 39) from previous study, the collective data show a highly significant correlation between BAT activity and body composition (P<0.001), respectively explaining 64% and 60% of the variance in BMI (r = 0.8; P<0.001) and BF% (r = 0.75; P<0.001). Obese individuals demonstrate a blunted CIT combined with low BAT activity. Only in BAT-positive subjects (n = 26) mean energy expenditure was increased significantly upon cold exposure (51.5±6.7 J/s versus 44.0±5.1 J/s, P = 0.001), and the increase was significantly higher compared to BAT-negative subjects (+15.5±8.9% versus +3.6±8.9%, P = 0.001), indicating a role for BAT in CIT in humans. Conclusions This study shows that in an extremely large range of body compositions, BAT activity is highly correlated with BMI and BF%. BAT-positive subjects showed higher CIT, indicating that BAT is also in humans involved in adaptive thermogenesis. Increasing BAT activity could be a therapeutic target in (morbid) obesity. BackgroundCold-stimulated adaptive thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT) to increase energy expenditure is suggested as a possible therapeutic target for the treatment of obesity. We have recently shown high prevalence of BAT in adult humans, which was inversely related to body mass index (BMI) and body fat percentage (BF%), suggesting that obesity is associated with lower BAT activity. Here, we examined BAT activity in morbidly obese subjects and its role in cold-induced thermogenesis (CIT) after applying a personalized cooling protocol. We hypothesize that morbidly obese subjects show reduced BAT activity upon cold exposure.Methods and findingsAfter applying a personalized cooling protocol for maximal non-shivering conditions, BAT activity was determined using positron-emission tomography and computed tomography (PET-CT). Cold-induced BAT activity was detected in three out of 15 morbidly obese subjects. Combined with results from lean to morbidly obese subjects (n = 39) from previous study, the collective data show a highly significant correlation between BAT activity and body composition (P<0.001), respectively explaining 64% and 60% of the variance in BMI (r = 0.8; P<0.001) and BF% (r = 0.75; P<0.001). Obese individuals demonstrate a blunted CIT combined with low BAT activity. Only in BAT-positive subjects (n = 26) mean energy expenditure was increased significantly upon cold exposure (51.5±6.7 J/s versus 44.0±5.1 J/s, P = 0.001), and the increase was significantly higher compared to BAT-negative subjects (+15.5±8.9% versus +3.6±8.9%, P = 0.001), indicating a role for BAT in CIT in humans.ConclusionsThis study shows that in an extremely large range of body compositions, BAT activity is highly correlated with BMI and BF%. BAT-positive subjects showed higher CIT, indicating that BAT is also in humans involved in adaptive thermogenesis. Increasing BAT activity could be a therapeutic target in (morbid) obesity. Cold-stimulated adaptive thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT) to increase energy expenditure is suggested as a possible therapeutic target for the treatment of obesity. We have recently shown high prevalence of BAT in adult humans, which was inversely related to body mass index (BMI) and body fat percentage (BF%), suggesting that obesity is associated with lower BAT activity. Here, we examined BAT activity in morbidly obese subjects and its role in cold-induced thermogenesis (CIT) after applying a personalized cooling protocol. We hypothesize that morbidly obese subjects show reduced BAT activity upon cold exposure.BACKGROUNDCold-stimulated adaptive thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT) to increase energy expenditure is suggested as a possible therapeutic target for the treatment of obesity. We have recently shown high prevalence of BAT in adult humans, which was inversely related to body mass index (BMI) and body fat percentage (BF%), suggesting that obesity is associated with lower BAT activity. Here, we examined BAT activity in morbidly obese subjects and its role in cold-induced thermogenesis (CIT) after applying a personalized cooling protocol. We hypothesize that morbidly obese subjects show reduced BAT activity upon cold exposure.After applying a personalized cooling protocol for maximal non-shivering conditions, BAT activity was determined using positron-emission tomography and computed tomography (PET-CT). Cold-induced BAT activity was detected in three out of 15 morbidly obese subjects. Combined with results from lean to morbidly obese subjects (n = 39) from previous study, the collective data show a highly significant correlation between BAT activity and body composition (P<0.001), respectively explaining 64% and 60% of the variance in BMI (r = 0.8; P<0.001) and BF% (r = 0.75; P<0.001). Obese individuals demonstrate a blunted CIT combined with low BAT activity. Only in BAT-positive subjects (n = 26) mean energy expenditure was increased significantly upon cold exposure (51.5±6.7 J/s versus 44.0±5.1 J/s, P = 0.001), and the increase was significantly higher compared to BAT-negative subjects (+15.5±8.9% versus +3.6±8.9%, P = 0.001), indicating a role for BAT in CIT in humans.METHODS AND FINDINGSAfter applying a personalized cooling protocol for maximal non-shivering conditions, BAT activity was determined using positron-emission tomography and computed tomography (PET-CT). Cold-induced BAT activity was detected in three out of 15 morbidly obese subjects. Combined with results from lean to morbidly obese subjects (n = 39) from previous study, the collective data show a highly significant correlation between BAT activity and body composition (P<0.001), respectively explaining 64% and 60% of the variance in BMI (r = 0.8; P<0.001) and BF% (r = 0.75; P<0.001). Obese individuals demonstrate a blunted CIT combined with low BAT activity. Only in BAT-positive subjects (n = 26) mean energy expenditure was increased significantly upon cold exposure (51.5±6.7 J/s versus 44.0±5.1 J/s, P = 0.001), and the increase was significantly higher compared to BAT-negative subjects (+15.5±8.9% versus +3.6±8.9%, P = 0.001), indicating a role for BAT in CIT in humans.This study shows that in an extremely large range of body compositions, BAT activity is highly correlated with BMI and BF%. BAT-positive subjects showed higher CIT, indicating that BAT is also in humans involved in adaptive thermogenesis. Increasing BAT activity could be a therapeutic target in (morbid) obesity.CONCLUSIONSThis study shows that in an extremely large range of body compositions, BAT activity is highly correlated with BMI and BF%. BAT-positive subjects showed higher CIT, indicating that BAT is also in humans involved in adaptive thermogenesis. Increasing BAT activity could be a therapeutic target in (morbid) obesity. Background Cold-stimulated adaptive thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT) to increase energy expenditure is suggested as a possible therapeutic target for the treatment of obesity. We have recently shown high prevalence of BAT in adult humans, which was inversely related to body mass index (BMI) and body fat percentage (BF%), suggesting that obesity is associated with lower BAT activity. Here, we examined BAT activity in morbidly obese subjects and its role in cold-induced thermogenesis (CIT) after applying a personalized cooling protocol. We hypothesize that morbidly obese subjects show reduced BAT activity upon cold exposure. Methods and Findings After applying a personalized cooling protocol for maximal non-shivering conditions, BAT activity was determined using positron-emission tomography and computed tomography (PET-CT). Cold-induced BAT activity was detected in three out of 15 morbidly obese subjects. Combined with results from lean to morbidly obese subjects (n = 39) from previous study, the collective data show a highly significant correlation between BAT activity and body composition (P<0.001), respectively explaining 64% and 60% of the variance in BMI (r = 0.8; P<0.001) and BF% (r = 0.75; P<0.001). Obese individuals demonstrate a blunted CIT combined with low BAT activity. Only in BAT-positive subjects (n = 26) mean energy expenditure was increased significantly upon cold exposure (51.5±6.7 J/s versus 44.0±5.1 J/s, P = 0.001), and the increase was significantly higher compared to BAT-negative subjects (+15.5±8.9% versus +3.6±8.9%, P = 0.001), indicating a role for BAT in CIT in humans. Conclusions This study shows that in an extremely large range of body compositions, BAT activity is highly correlated with BMI and BF%. BAT-positive subjects showed higher CIT, indicating that BAT is also in humans involved in adaptive thermogenesis. Increasing BAT activity could be a therapeutic target in (morbid) obesity. Cold-stimulated adaptive thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT) to increase energy expenditure is suggested as a possible therapeutic target for the treatment of obesity. We have recently shown high prevalence of BAT in adult humans, which was inversely related to body mass index (BMI) and body fat percentage (BF%), suggesting that obesity is associated with lower BAT activity. Here, we examined BAT activity in morbidly obese subjects and its role in cold-induced thermogenesis (CIT) after applying a personalized cooling protocol. We hypothesize that morbidly obese subjects show reduced BAT activity upon cold exposure. After applying a personalized cooling protocol for maximal non-shivering conditions, BAT activity was determined using positron-emission tomography and computed tomography (PET-CT). Cold-induced BAT activity was detected in three out of 15 morbidly obese subjects. Combined with results from lean to morbidly obese subjects (n = 39) from previous study, the collective data show a highly significant correlation between BAT activity and body composition (P<0.001), respectively explaining 64% and 60% of the variance in BMI (r = 0.8; P<0.001) and BF% (r = 0.75; P<0.001). Obese individuals demonstrate a blunted CIT combined with low BAT activity. Only in BAT-positive subjects (n = 26) mean energy expenditure was increased significantly upon cold exposure (51.5±6.7 J/s versus 44.0±5.1 J/s, P = 0.001), and the increase was significantly higher compared to BAT-negative subjects (+15.5±8.9% versus +3.6±8.9%, P = 0.001), indicating a role for BAT in CIT in humans. This study shows that in an extremely large range of body compositions, BAT activity is highly correlated with BMI and BF%. BAT-positive subjects showed higher CIT, indicating that BAT is also in humans involved in adaptive thermogenesis. Increasing BAT activity could be a therapeutic target in (morbid) obesity. |
| Audience | Academic |
| Author | Vijgen, Guy H. E. J. Brans, Boudewijn Schrauwen, Patrick van Marken Lichtenbelt, Wouter D. Teule, G. J. Jaap Bouvy, Nicole D. |
| AuthorAffiliation | University of Padova, Medical School, Italy 2 Department of General Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands 3 Department of Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands 1 Department of Human Biology, School for Nutrition and Toxicology and Metabolism - NUTRIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 1 Department of Human Biology, School for Nutrition and Toxicology and Metabolism - NUTRIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands – name: 3 Department of Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands – name: 2 Department of General Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands – name: University of Padova, Medical School, Italy |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Guy H. E. J. surname: Vijgen fullname: Vijgen, Guy H. E. J. – sequence: 2 givenname: Nicole D. surname: Bouvy fullname: Bouvy, Nicole D. – sequence: 3 givenname: G. J. Jaap surname: Teule fullname: Teule, G. J. Jaap – sequence: 4 givenname: Boudewijn surname: Brans fullname: Brans, Boudewijn – sequence: 5 givenname: Patrick surname: Schrauwen fullname: Schrauwen, Patrick – sequence: 6 givenname: Wouter D. surname: van Marken Lichtenbelt fullname: van Marken Lichtenbelt, Wouter D. |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21390318$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
| BookMark | eNqNkl9v0zAUxS00xLbCN0AQCQnEQzs7duyYB6Qy8afSUCU2eLVsx2lduXGxE2DfHmfNpmaaEMpDouvfOdf35pyCo8Y3BoDnCM4QZuhs47vQSDfbpfIMQsRywh6BE8RxPqU5xEcH38fgNMYNhAUuKX0CjnOEOcSoPAFnH4L_3WTzyu58NNmVjbEzmW2yrz4oW7nrbKlMOrjs1MboNj4Fj2vponk2vCfg-6ePV-dfphfLz4vz-cVUs4K1U4QplwijWlasQCiHpCxrgqHmHDOuNNGFopAjQxgxuFSykopTWqNKYaRyjCfg5d5353wUw6xRoJxTkpf4hljsicrLjdgFu5XhWnhpxU3Bh5WQobXaGVEqouu8KrkmhnDMywIXNccIFwVTvC6S1_uhW6e2ptKmaYN0I9PxSWPXYuV_CQxJmqA3eDMYBP-zM7EVWxu1cU42xndRlAVlDPf3noBX98iHhxuolUz3t03tU1vde4o5YTT9PMZoomYPUOmpzNbqlIvapvpI8HYkSExr_rQr2cUoFpff_p9d_hizrw_YtZGuXUfvutb6Jo7BF4eLvtvwbSATQPaADj7GYOo7BEHR5_52XaLPvRhyn2Tv7sm0bWXfPm3Eun-L_wIEEwU8 |
| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1152_ajpendo_00482_2015 crossref_primary_10_2337_db14_1651 crossref_primary_10_1152_ajpendo_00121_2019 crossref_primary_10_2337_db21_0475 crossref_primary_10_3389_fphys_2019_00022 crossref_primary_10_1002_ajpa_22661 crossref_primary_10_1073_pnas_1403697111 crossref_primary_10_1111_joim_12255 crossref_primary_10_1111_jphp_12798 crossref_primary_10_1515_hmbci_2016_0048 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_mce_2021_111336 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0149458 crossref_primary_10_1111_ijpo_12531 crossref_primary_10_1155_2013_305763 crossref_primary_10_1002_ajhb_23716 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_bioactmat_2022_10_022 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_bbalip_2013_02_005 crossref_primary_10_1021_acs_jafc_7b00666 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_isci_2022_105292 crossref_primary_10_1113_jphysiol_2014_283598 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_actbio_2018_03_021 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10753_017_0718_y crossref_primary_10_1016_j_mce_2015_08_023 crossref_primary_10_1080_23328940_2017_1397085 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00125_012_2748_1 crossref_primary_10_1038_ncomms1905 crossref_primary_10_1080_23328940_2022_2044740 crossref_primary_10_1111_obr_12663 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_bbalip_2012_12_011 crossref_primary_10_1111_dom_13233 crossref_primary_10_1111_obr_12789 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11357_016_9884_3 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41467_018_05721_4 crossref_primary_10_1002_oby_22767 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_021_87768_w crossref_primary_10_1002_ajpa_24848 crossref_primary_10_1093_ejendo_lvae074 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0112621 crossref_primary_10_1210_en_2012_1151 crossref_primary_10_3389_fendo_2022_858417 crossref_primary_10_1093_eep_dvx009 crossref_primary_10_2217_clp_15_14 crossref_primary_10_3389_fphys_2018_00195 crossref_primary_10_3389_fphys_2017_00863 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11325_013_0916_2 crossref_primary_10_4161_21623945_2014_955397 crossref_primary_10_1111_obr_13605 crossref_primary_10_1002_wsbm_1536 crossref_primary_10_4161_adip_19736 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_yhbeh_2014_02_007 crossref_primary_10_1530_EJE_15_1217 crossref_primary_10_1002_oby_20456 crossref_primary_10_1038_srep40215 crossref_primary_10_1530_JOE_16_0099 crossref_primary_10_1161_CIRCULATIONAHA_111_042929 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_neulet_2019_01_013 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_bbadis_2013_04_025 crossref_primary_10_18632_aging_204034 crossref_primary_10_1002_ajhb_24148 crossref_primary_10_1152_ajpregu_00449_2011 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_exger_2011_07_011 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cell_2014_04_049 crossref_primary_10_3390_ijms26010276 crossref_primary_10_1073_pnas_1707853114 crossref_primary_10_5812_ijem_142746 crossref_primary_10_2337_db15_0146 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cytogfr_2011_08_001 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12986_020_00513_4 crossref_primary_10_2337_db23_0454 crossref_primary_10_1002_oby_22188 crossref_primary_10_1002_jcsm_12062 crossref_primary_10_1111_j_1365_2036_2012_05080_x crossref_primary_10_1007_s00421_024_05528_w crossref_primary_10_1016_j_beem_2016_09_003 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_beem_2016_09_002 crossref_primary_10_1155_2020_8819627 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_yclnex_2016_12_002 crossref_primary_10_3390_ijms21176255 crossref_primary_10_1038_s42003_019_0624_y crossref_primary_10_1152_ajpregu_00021_2014 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00125_012_2505_5 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jpeds_2013_10_005 crossref_primary_10_1097_RLI_0b013e31829363b8 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41366_018_0198_7 crossref_primary_10_1093_toxsci_kfv098 crossref_primary_10_1515_hmbci_2017_0016 crossref_primary_10_1080_23328940_2023_2171669 crossref_primary_10_1128_MCB_00596_14 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00125_016_4068_3 crossref_primary_10_3389_fendo_2018_00447 crossref_primary_10_1038_ijo_2017_194 crossref_primary_10_1210_jc_2013_1348 crossref_primary_10_1093_cvr_cvac131 crossref_primary_10_1161_CIRCIMAGING_118_007597 crossref_primary_10_1172_JCI68993 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_017_10444_5 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ab_2016_09_015 crossref_primary_10_1111_cob_12302 crossref_primary_10_3389_fendo_2024_1440070 crossref_primary_10_1124_molpharm_121_000328 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_mri_2011_12_004 crossref_primary_10_1186_2191_219X_1_30 crossref_primary_10_1002_jcsm_12178 crossref_primary_10_1038_ijosup_2012_21 crossref_primary_10_1111_acel_12267 crossref_primary_10_1021_acs_jafc_8b02611 crossref_primary_10_3390_cells9112489 crossref_primary_10_4161_temp_27666 crossref_primary_10_1111_jfbc_13969 crossref_primary_10_3390_genes14040789 crossref_primary_10_1111_brv_12099 crossref_primary_10_1007_s42000_022_00361_2 crossref_primary_10_2967_jnumed_117_190546 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00330_018_5611_z crossref_primary_10_1007_s00125_013_2938_5 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0120776 crossref_primary_10_1042_CS20160469 crossref_primary_10_1002_oby_21233 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_bbadis_2013_05_027 crossref_primary_10_3389_fphys_2022_917084 crossref_primary_10_1111_obr_12584 crossref_primary_10_7759_cureus_22711 crossref_primary_10_1111_bph_14121 crossref_primary_10_1152_physiolgenomics_00091_2017 crossref_primary_10_1017_S0029665120006928 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_bmcl_2013_12_016 crossref_primary_10_3390_nu7064705 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_024_76452_4 crossref_primary_10_3390_biom13121714 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41366_021_00999_9 crossref_primary_10_3390_antiox11081537 crossref_primary_10_1111_j_1365_2036_2011_04723_x crossref_primary_10_1016_j_mce_2013_04_017 crossref_primary_10_1152_ajpheart_00691_2017 crossref_primary_10_1002_jmri_25836 crossref_primary_10_3390_ijms24044231 crossref_primary_10_14202_vetworld_2021_1234_1240 crossref_primary_10_1111_obr_12796 crossref_primary_10_1007_s40200_023_01221_5 crossref_primary_10_3390_ijms241813916 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_mam_2019_07_003 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00249_012_0844_2 crossref_primary_10_1210_endrev_bnab034 crossref_primary_10_1111_obr_13085 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cellsig_2017_09_023 crossref_primary_10_4161_adip_28814 crossref_primary_10_2967_jnumed_115_160770 crossref_primary_10_1155_2015_359159 crossref_primary_10_2337_db12_1430 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00247_015_3391_z crossref_primary_10_1016_j_obmed_2019_100163 crossref_primary_10_3390_ijms19041095 crossref_primary_10_3390_ijms22179436 crossref_primary_10_1007_s40618_023_02125_0 crossref_primary_10_1080_00038628_2012_759377 crossref_primary_10_3390_life13071436 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cyto_2018_07_013 crossref_primary_10_1002_jmri_24053 crossref_primary_10_1002_oby_23519 crossref_primary_10_1194_jlr_RA119000455 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ejim_2016_12_023 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_gene_2020_145155 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jcjd_2013_03_026 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_molmet_2019_02_004 crossref_primary_10_3390_ijms20143520 crossref_primary_10_33549_physiolres_932823 crossref_primary_10_3390_ijms24087421 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_018_26878_4 crossref_primary_10_1172_JCI134892 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_isci_2023_106161 crossref_primary_10_3390_cells9112449 crossref_primary_10_1038_nrd_2016_31 crossref_primary_10_1002_jcp_28354 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jtherbio_2020_102659 crossref_primary_10_3389_fcvm_2020_583175 crossref_primary_10_3945_ajcn_113_059022 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41418_024_01397_0 crossref_primary_10_2337_db12_0288 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_lfs_2018_06_012 crossref_primary_10_3389_fphys_2023_1238120 crossref_primary_10_1128_MCB_01120_15 crossref_primary_10_33549_physiolres_933811 crossref_primary_10_1111_nyas_12842 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0283276 crossref_primary_10_1523_JNEUROSCI_3909_11_2011 crossref_primary_10_1113_EP085642 crossref_primary_10_1152_ajpheart_00698_2015 crossref_primary_10_3390_antiox12010196 crossref_primary_10_3390_nu11020463 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_celrep_2017_06_069 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_bbalip_2018_05_012 crossref_primary_10_1042_CS20170276 crossref_primary_10_1152_ajpendo_00180_2013 crossref_primary_10_1111_bph_14631 crossref_primary_10_1152_ajpendo_00180_2019 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0098822 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41366_025_01744_2 crossref_primary_10_1093_advances_nmy067 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0077221 crossref_primary_10_3390_ijms23094759 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_biochi_2016_09_008 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_tem_2015_03_003 crossref_primary_10_3389_fendo_2022_1037458 crossref_primary_10_1111_nyas_14579 crossref_primary_10_1038_ijo_2015_130 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_metabol_2021_154709 crossref_primary_10_1007_s40519_017_0467_9 crossref_primary_10_3390_biomedicines11051290 crossref_primary_10_1007_s12576_015_0398_z crossref_primary_10_1080_21623945_2020_1724740 crossref_primary_10_1093_lifemeta_loac028 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_mri_2019_02_001 crossref_primary_10_1073_pnas_1714431115 crossref_primary_10_3390_ijms20133176 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jacl_2017_04_117 crossref_primary_10_1111_apha_12686 crossref_primary_10_1152_ajpregu_00443_2017 crossref_primary_10_1002_oby_22104 crossref_primary_10_3390_nu15030613 crossref_primary_10_1155_2020_9106976 crossref_primary_10_1042_CS20150339 crossref_primary_10_1097_MD_0000000000000725 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_022_08125_z crossref_primary_10_3389_fphys_2018_00253 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12916_023_02857_z crossref_primary_10_1152_ajpregu_00034_2017 crossref_primary_10_3389_jpps_2024_13157 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41467_020_15488_2 crossref_primary_10_2967_jnumed_116_183988 crossref_primary_10_3389_fnins_2021_621356 crossref_primary_10_3390_biomedicines10092275 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_trsl_2014_11_002 crossref_primary_10_1002_mnfr_201500251 crossref_primary_10_3389_fendo_2020_00156 crossref_primary_10_1038_s42255_020_00332_0 crossref_primary_10_1159_000355222 crossref_primary_10_15406_aowmc_2017_07_00194 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11154_015_9310_7 crossref_primary_10_1152_japplphysiol_00021_2017 crossref_primary_10_1172_JCI136476 crossref_primary_10_1002_ajhb_23998 crossref_primary_10_3390_ijms22031221 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41398_022_02266_5 crossref_primary_10_1093_molbev_msac230 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0113742 crossref_primary_10_1002_osp4_330 crossref_primary_10_1210_jc_2019_00728 crossref_primary_10_3389_fphys_2018_01577 crossref_primary_10_1152_ajpregu_00652_2010 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12906_018_2388_1 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11154_016_9348_1 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_tvjl_2012_05_029 crossref_primary_10_3390_cells9061365 crossref_primary_10_3390_nu15112486 crossref_primary_10_4161_21623945_2014_965609 crossref_primary_10_1002_nbm_3557 crossref_primary_10_1111_febs_15470 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_pcad_2018_07_002 crossref_primary_10_1007_s13679_017_0283_6 crossref_primary_10_1016_S2213_8587_13_70156_6 crossref_primary_10_1038_nrendo_2017_132 crossref_primary_10_7554_eLife_52558 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jnutbio_2021_108857 crossref_primary_10_1017_S0007114518001629 crossref_primary_10_1038_s42255_019_0055_6 crossref_primary_10_1210_jc_2013_3901 crossref_primary_10_1146_annurev_pharmtox_030220_121042 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0236286 crossref_primary_10_1111_nyas_12880 crossref_primary_10_1038_ijo_2015_162 crossref_primary_10_1111_ejn_12463 crossref_primary_10_1186_s13098_022_00944_4 crossref_primary_10_1007_s40618_020_01446_8 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11154_020_09539_8 crossref_primary_10_1101_gad_211649_112 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00394_016_1268_z crossref_primary_10_1007_s00125_015_3543_6 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_bbalip_2012_11_001 crossref_primary_10_1038_ijo_2013_52 crossref_primary_10_1097_MOL_0b013e32835a4f40 crossref_primary_10_1523_JNEUROSCI_1449_15_2015 crossref_primary_10_2967_jnumed_115_165829 crossref_primary_10_1113_JP285269 crossref_primary_10_1038_ncomms7356 crossref_primary_10_1515_hmbci_2015_0018 crossref_primary_10_1007_s40141_016_0124_7 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_diabet_2015_08_005 crossref_primary_10_1161_CIRCRESAHA_115_306647 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0196543 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41467_023_36836_y crossref_primary_10_1016_j_pharmthera_2013_05_009 crossref_primary_10_1073_pnas_1221206110 crossref_primary_10_1016_S0985_0562_24_00005_0 |
| Cites_doi | 10.1152/physrev.00015.2003 10.1007/BF00422121 10.1074/jbc.M109.053942 10.1038/oby.2010.74 10.1038/nrd3138 10.1016/j.physbeh.2006.04.026 10.1016/j.cmet.2008.12.014 10.1023/A:1011856617047 10.2337/db09-0530 10.2337/db10-0004 10.1056/NEJMoa0808718 10.1079/BJN20041362 10.1056/NEJMoa0810780 10.1096/fj.09-133546 10.1016/j.physbeh.2004.05.001 10.1152/ajpendo.00600.2009 10.1016/j.cmet.2010.03.004 10.1016/S0022-2275(20)37142-X 10.1126/science.1190816 10.1056/NEJMoa0808949 10.1056/NEJM199005243222101 10.1038/nrendo.2010.64 10.1016/j.cmet.2010.03.008 10.1038/sj.ijo.0800432 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | COPYRIGHT 2011 Public Library of Science 2011 Vijgen et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. Vijgen et al. 2011 |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: COPYRIGHT 2011 Public Library of Science – notice: 2011 Vijgen et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. – notice: Vijgen et al. 2011 |
| DBID | AAYXX CITATION CGR CUY CVF ECM EIF NPM IOV ISR 3V. 7QG 7QL 7QO 7RV 7SN 7SS 7T5 7TG 7TM 7U9 7X2 7X7 7XB 88E 8AO 8C1 8FD 8FE 8FG 8FH 8FI 8FJ 8FK ABJCF ABUWG AEUYN AFKRA ARAPS ATCPS AZQEC BBNVY BENPR BGLVJ BHPHI C1K CCPQU D1I DWQXO FR3 FYUFA GHDGH GNUQQ H94 HCIFZ K9. KB. KB0 KL. L6V LK8 M0K M0S M1P M7N M7P M7S NAPCQ P5Z P62 P64 PATMY PDBOC PHGZM PHGZT PIMPY PJZUB PKEHL PPXIY PQEST PQGLB PQQKQ PQUKI PRINS PTHSS PYCSY RC3 7X8 5PM DOA |
| DOI | 10.1371/journal.pone.0017247 |
| DatabaseName | CrossRef Medline MEDLINE MEDLINE (Ovid) MEDLINE MEDLINE PubMed Gale In Context: Opposing Viewpoints Gale In Context: Science ProQuest Central (Corporate) Animal Behavior Abstracts Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B) Biotechnology Research Abstracts Proquest Nursing & Allied Health Source Ecology Abstracts Entomology Abstracts (Full archive) Immunology Abstracts Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts Nucleic Acids Abstracts Virology and AIDS Abstracts Agricultural Science Collection Health & Medical Collection ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016) Medical Database (Alumni Edition) ProQuest Pharma Collection Public Health Database Technology Research Database ProQuest SciTech Collection ProQuest Technology Collection ProQuest Natural Science Collection ProQuest Hospital Collection Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition) ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016) Materials Science & Engineering Collection ProQuest Central (Alumni) ProQuest One Sustainability (subscription) ProQuest Central UK/Ireland Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection ProQuest Central Essentials Biological Science Database (Proquest) ProQuest Central (ProQuest) Technology Collection Natural Science Collection Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management ProQuest One Community College ProQuest Materials Science Collection ProQuest Central Engineering Research Database Health Research Premium Collection Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni) ProQuest Central Student AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts SciTech Premium Collection ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni) Materials Science Database Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition) Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic ProQuest Engineering Collection Biological Sciences Agriculture Science Database ProQuest Health & Medical Collection Proquest Medical Database Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C) Biological Science Database Engineering Database Nursing & Allied Health Premium Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database ProQuest Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts Environmental Science Database Materials Science Collection (ProQuest) ProQuest Central Premium ProQuest One Academic Publicly Available Content Database ProQuest Health & Medical Research Collection ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New) ProQuest One Health & Nursing ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE) ProQuest One Applied & Life Sciences ProQuest One Academic ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition ProQuest Central China Engineering Collection Environmental Science Collection Genetics Abstracts MEDLINE - Academic PubMed Central (Full Participant titles) Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) |
| DatabaseTitle | CrossRef MEDLINE Medline Complete MEDLINE with Full Text PubMed MEDLINE (Ovid) Agricultural Science Database Publicly Available Content Database ProQuest Central Student ProQuest Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection ProQuest Central Essentials Nucleic Acids Abstracts SciTech Premium Collection ProQuest Central China Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management ProQuest One Applied & Life Sciences ProQuest One Sustainability Health Research Premium Collection Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts Natural Science Collection Health & Medical Research Collection Biological Science Collection ProQuest Central (New) ProQuest Medical Library (Alumni) Engineering Collection Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection Engineering Database Virology and AIDS Abstracts ProQuest Biological Science Collection ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition Agricultural Science Collection ProQuest Hospital Collection ProQuest Technology Collection Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni) Biological Science Database Ecology Abstracts ProQuest Hospital Collection (Alumni) Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts Environmental Science Collection Entomology Abstracts Nursing & Allied Health Premium ProQuest Health & Medical Complete ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition Environmental Science Database ProQuest Nursing & Allied Health Source (Alumni) Engineering Research Database ProQuest One Academic Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic ProQuest One Academic (New) Technology Collection Technology Research Database ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New) Materials Science Collection ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni) ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition) ProQuest One Community College ProQuest One Health & Nursing ProQuest Natural Science Collection ProQuest Pharma Collection ProQuest Central ProQuest Health & Medical Research Collection Genetics Abstracts ProQuest Engineering Collection Biotechnology Research Abstracts Health and Medicine Complete (Alumni Edition) ProQuest Central Korea Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B) Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C) Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts Materials Science Database ProQuest Materials Science Collection ProQuest Public Health ProQuest Nursing & Allied Health Source ProQuest SciTech Collection Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database ProQuest Medical Library Animal Behavior Abstracts Materials Science & Engineering Collection Immunology Abstracts ProQuest Central (Alumni) MEDLINE - Academic |
| DatabaseTitleList | Agricultural Science Database MEDLINE - Academic MEDLINE |
| Database_xml | – sequence: 1 dbid: DOA name: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals url: https://www.doaj.org/ sourceTypes: Open Website – sequence: 2 dbid: NPM name: PubMed url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed sourceTypes: Index Database – sequence: 3 dbid: EIF name: MEDLINE url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=https://www.webofscience.com/wos/medline/basic-search sourceTypes: Index Database – sequence: 4 dbid: 8FG name: ProQuest Technology Collection url: https://search.proquest.com/technologycollection1 sourceTypes: Aggregation Database |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Sciences (General) Biology Medicine |
| DocumentTitleAlternate | Brown Adipose Tissue in Morbidly Obese Subjects |
| EISSN | 1932-6203 |
| ExternalDocumentID | 1296428323 oai_doaj_org_article_8b4cf2d89c4e49398535f9313557b9f5 PMC3044745 2898831791 A476903776 21390318 10_1371_journal_pone_0017247 |
| Genre | Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Controlled Clinical Trial Journal Article |
| GeographicLocations | Netherlands |
| GeographicLocations_xml | – name: Netherlands |
| GroupedDBID | --- 123 29O 2WC 53G 5VS 7RV 7X2 7X7 7XC 88E 8AO 8C1 8CJ 8FE 8FG 8FH 8FI 8FJ A8Z AAFWJ AAUCC AAWOE AAYXX ABDBF ABIVO ABJCF ABUWG ACGFO ACIHN ACIWK ACPRK ACUHS ADBBV ADRAZ AEAQA AENEX AEUYN AFKRA AFPKN AFRAH AHMBA ALIPV ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS AOIJS APEBS ARAPS ATCPS BAWUL BBNVY BCNDV BENPR BGLVJ BHPHI BKEYQ BPHCQ BVXVI BWKFM CCPQU CITATION CS3 D1I D1J D1K DIK DU5 E3Z EAP EAS EBD EMOBN ESX EX3 F5P FPL FYUFA GROUPED_DOAJ GX1 HCIFZ HH5 HMCUK HYE IAO IEA IGS IHR IHW INH INR IOV IPNFZ IPY ISE ISR ITC K6- KB. KQ8 L6V LK5 LK8 M0K M1P M48 M7P M7R M7S M~E NAPCQ O5R O5S OK1 OVT P2P P62 PATMY PDBOC PHGZM PHGZT PIMPY PQQKQ PROAC PSQYO PTHSS PYCSY RIG RNS RPM SV3 TR2 UKHRP WOQ WOW ~02 ~KM CGR CUY CVF ECM EIF NPM PJZUB PPXIY PQGLB BBORY PMFND 3V. 7QG 7QL 7QO 7SN 7SS 7T5 7TG 7TM 7U9 7XB 8FD 8FK AZQEC C1K DWQXO FR3 GNUQQ H94 K9. KL. M7N P64 PKEHL PQEST PQUKI PRINS RC3 7X8 5PM PUEGO AAPBV ABPTK |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c757t-1369a131fad751120488f430c99379bc4c5b6091e474e38badab966f1db31b233 |
| IEDL.DBID | M48 |
| ISSN | 1932-6203 |
| IngestDate | Sun Oct 01 00:11:34 EDT 2023 Wed Aug 27 01:17:14 EDT 2025 Thu Aug 21 14:31:11 EDT 2025 Fri Jul 11 00:20:50 EDT 2025 Fri Jul 25 10:31:30 EDT 2025 Tue Jun 17 20:57:09 EDT 2025 Tue Jun 10 20:27:26 EDT 2025 Fri Jun 27 04:03:29 EDT 2025 Fri Jun 27 03:55:12 EDT 2025 Thu May 22 21:20:34 EDT 2025 Mon Jul 21 06:04:25 EDT 2025 Tue Jul 01 02:29:00 EDT 2025 Thu Apr 24 22:59:42 EDT 2025 |
| IsDoiOpenAccess | true |
| IsOpenAccess | true |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Issue | 2 |
| Language | English |
| License | This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited. Creative Commons Attribution License |
| LinkModel | DirectLink |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c757t-1369a131fad751120488f430c99379bc4c5b6091e474e38badab966f1db31b233 |
| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 ObjectType-Article-2 ObjectType-Feature-1 content type line 23 Conceived and designed the experiments: GV NB GJT BB PS WvML. Performed the experiments: GV WvML. Analyzed the data: GV WvML. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: GV NB GJT BB PS WvML. Wrote the manuscript: GV NB GJT BB PS WvML. Involved in the data collection: GV WvML. Prepared the first draft of manuscript: GV. Principal investigator: WvML. Reviewed the paper: WvML NB GJT BB PS. Approved the paper for publication: GV NB GJT BB PS WvML. |
| OpenAccessLink | http://journals.scholarsportal.info/openUrl.xqy?doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0017247 |
| PMID | 21390318 |
| PQID | 1296428323 |
| PQPubID | 1436336 |
| PageCount | e17247 |
| ParticipantIDs | plos_journals_1296428323 doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_8b4cf2d89c4e49398535f9313557b9f5 pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_3044745 proquest_miscellaneous_856773832 proquest_journals_1296428323 gale_infotracmisc_A476903776 gale_infotracacademiconefile_A476903776 gale_incontextgauss_ISR_A476903776 gale_incontextgauss_IOV_A476903776 gale_healthsolutions_A476903776 pubmed_primary_21390318 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0017247 crossref_citationtrail_10_1371_journal_pone_0017247 |
| ProviderPackageCode | CITATION AAYXX |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | 2011-02-24 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2011-02-24 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 02 year: 2011 text: 2011-02-24 day: 24 |
| PublicationDecade | 2010 |
| PublicationPlace | United States |
| PublicationPlace_xml | – name: United States – name: San Francisco – name: San Francisco, USA |
| PublicationTitle | PloS one |
| PublicationTitleAlternate | PLoS One |
| PublicationYear | 2011 |
| Publisher | Public Library of Science Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| Publisher_xml | – name: Public Library of Science – name: Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| References | SL Wijers (ref13) 2010; 18 AM van Ooijen (ref17) 2004; 82 HM Feldmann (ref26) 2009; 9 J Himms-Hagen (ref6) 2001; 2 M Saito (ref9) 2009; 58 JM Heaton (ref3) 1972; 112 WD van Marken Lichtenbelt (ref16) 2006; 88 A Frontini (ref25); 11 J Ishibashi (ref22) 2010; 328 T Yoneshiro (ref10) 2010 C Bouchard (ref14) 1990; 322 C Pfannenberg (ref20) 2010; 59 S Enerback (ref2) 2010; 11 G Barbatelli (ref24) 2010; 298 N Petrovic (ref23) 2009; 285 AM van Ooijen (ref15) 2005; 93 AM Cypess (ref19) 2009; 360 M Ghorbani (ref27) 1997; 21 ME Lidell (ref11) 2010; 6 H Oberkofler (ref18) 1997; 38 MC Zingaretti (ref21) 2009; 23 A Astrup (ref5) 1985; 248 B Cannon (ref1) 2004; 84 P Huttunen (ref4) 1981; 46 WD van Marken Lichtenbelt (ref7) 2009; 360 KA Virtanen (ref8) 2009; 360 YH Tseng (ref12) 2010; 9 19417078 - FASEB J. 2009 Sep;23(9):3113-20 20374955 - Cell Metab. 2010 Apr 7;11(4):248-52 19187776 - Cell Metab. 2009 Feb;9(2):203-9 3922230 - Am J Physiol. 1985 May;248(5 Pt 1):E507-15 20357363 - Diabetes. 2010 Jul;59(7):1789-93 20514071 - Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2010 Jun;9(6):465-82 20360754 - Obesity (Silver Spring). 2010 Jun;18(6):1092-9 20354155 - Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2010 Jun;298(6):E1244-53 6266825 - Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol. 1981;46(4):339-45 20374956 - Cell Metab. 2010 Apr 7;11(4):253-6 20028987 - J Biol Chem. 2010 Mar 5;285(10):7153-64 15877879 - Br J Nutr. 2005 Mar;93(3):387-91 20448151 - Science. 2010 May 28;328(5982):1113-4 5086212 - J Anat. 1972 May;112(Pt 1):35-9 19357407 - N Engl J Med. 2009 Apr 9;360(15):1518-25 16797616 - Physiol Behav. 2006 Jul 30;88(4-5):489-97 19401428 - Diabetes. 2009 Jul;58(7):1526-31 9374134 - J Lipid Res. 1997 Oct;38(10):2125-33 9192230 - Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 1997 Jun;21(6):465-75 20386559 - Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2010 Jun;6(6):319-25 2336074 - N Engl J Med. 1990 May 24;322(21):1477-82 11725726 - Rev Endocr Metab Disord. 2001 Oct;2(4):395-401 20448535 - Obesity (Silver Spring). 2011 Jan;19(1):13-6 19357406 - N Engl J Med. 2009 Apr 9;360(15):1509-17 19357405 - N Engl J Med. 2009 Apr 9;360(15):1500-8 15276821 - Physiol Behav. 2004 Sep 15;82(2-3):545-53 14715917 - Physiol Rev. 2004 Jan;84(1):277-359 |
| References_xml | – volume: 84 start-page: 277 year: 2004 ident: ref1 article-title: Brown adipose tissue: function and physiological significance. publication-title: Physiol Rev doi: 10.1152/physrev.00015.2003 – volume: 46 start-page: 339 year: 1981 ident: ref4 article-title: The occurrence of brown adipose tissue in outdoor workers. publication-title: Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol doi: 10.1007/BF00422121 – volume: 285 start-page: 7153 year: 2009 ident: ref23 article-title: Chronic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) activation of epididymally derived white adipocyte cultures reveals a population of thermogenically competent, UCP1-containing adipocytes molecularly distinct from classic brown adipocytes. publication-title: J Biol Chem doi: 10.1074/jbc.M109.053942 – volume: 18 start-page: 1092 year: 2010 ident: ref13 article-title: Cold-induced adaptive thermogenesis in lean and obese. publication-title: Obesity (Silver Spring) doi: 10.1038/oby.2010.74 – volume: 9 start-page: 465 year: 2010 ident: ref12 article-title: Cellular bioenergetics as a target for obesity therapy. publication-title: Nat Rev Drug Discov doi: 10.1038/nrd3138 – volume: 88 start-page: 489 year: 2006 ident: ref16 article-title: Evaluation of wireless determination of skin temperature using iButtons. publication-title: Physiol Behav doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2006.04.026 – volume: 9 start-page: 203 year: 2009 ident: ref26 article-title: UCP1 ablation induces obesity and abolishes diet-induced thermogenesis in mice exempt from thermal stress by living at thermoneutrality. publication-title: Cell Metab doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2008.12.014 – volume: 2 start-page: 395 year: 2001 ident: ref6 article-title: Does brown adipose tissue (BAT) have a role in the physiology or treatment of human obesity? publication-title: Rev Endocr Metab Disord doi: 10.1023/A:1011856617047 – volume: 112 start-page: 35 year: 1972 ident: ref3 article-title: The distribution of brown adipose tissue in the human. publication-title: J Anat – volume: 58 start-page: 1526 year: 2009 ident: ref9 article-title: High Incidence of Metabolically Active Brown Adipose Tissue in Healthy Adult Humans: Effects of Cold Exposure and Adiposity. publication-title: Diabetes doi: 10.2337/db09-0530 – volume: 59 start-page: 1789 year: 2010 ident: ref20 article-title: Impact of age on the relationships of brown adipose tissue with sex and adiposity in humans. publication-title: Diabetes doi: 10.2337/db10-0004 – volume: 360 start-page: 1500 year: 2009 ident: ref7 article-title: Cold-activated brown adipose tissue in healthy men. publication-title: N Engl J Med doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0808718 – volume: 93 start-page: 387 year: 2005 ident: ref15 article-title: Cold-induced heat production preceding shivering. publication-title: Br J Nutr doi: 10.1079/BJN20041362 – volume: 360 start-page: 1509 year: 2009 ident: ref19 article-title: Identification and importance of brown adipose tissue in adult humans. publication-title: N Engl J Med doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0810780 – volume: 23 start-page: 3113 year: 2009 ident: ref21 article-title: The presence of UCP1 demonstrates that metabolically active adipose tissue in the neck of adult humans truly represents brown adipose tissue. publication-title: FASEB J doi: 10.1096/fj.09-133546 – volume: 82 start-page: 545 year: 2004 ident: ref17 article-title: Seasonal changes in metabolic and temperature responses to cold air in humans. publication-title: Physiol Behav doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2004.05.001 – volume: 298 start-page: E1244 year: 2010 ident: ref24 article-title: The emergence of cold-induced brown adipocytes in mouse white fat depots is determined predominantly by white to brown adipocyte transdifferentiation. publication-title: Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.00600.2009 – volume: 11 start-page: 253 ident: ref25 article-title: Distribution and development of brown adipocytes in the murine and human adipose organ. publication-title: Cell Metab doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2010.03.004 – year: 2010 ident: ref10 article-title: Brown Adipose Tissue, Whole-Body Energy Expenditure, and Thermogenesis in Healthy Adult Men. publication-title: Obesity (Silver Spring) – volume: 38 start-page: 2125 year: 1997 ident: ref18 article-title: Uncoupling protein gene: quantification of expression levels in adipose tissues of obese and non-obese humans. publication-title: J Lipid Res doi: 10.1016/S0022-2275(20)37142-X – volume: 328 start-page: 1113 year: 2010 ident: ref22 article-title: Beige can be slimming. publication-title: Science doi: 10.1126/science.1190816 – volume: 360 start-page: 1518 year: 2009 ident: ref8 article-title: Functional brown adipose tissue in healthy adults. publication-title: N Engl J Med doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0808949 – volume: 322 start-page: 1477 year: 1990 ident: ref14 article-title: The response to long-term overfeeding in identical twins. publication-title: N Engl J Med doi: 10.1056/NEJM199005243222101 – volume: 248 start-page: E507 year: 1985 ident: ref5 article-title: Contribution of BAT and skeletal muscle to thermogenesis induced by ephedrine in man. publication-title: Am J Physiol – volume: 6 start-page: 319 year: 2010 ident: ref11 article-title: Brown adipose tissue-a new role in humans? publication-title: Nature Reviews Endocrinology doi: 10.1038/nrendo.2010.64 – volume: 11 start-page: 248 year: 2010 ident: ref2 article-title: Human brown adipose tissue. publication-title: Cell Metab doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2010.03.008 – volume: 21 start-page: 465 year: 1997 ident: ref27 article-title: Appearance of brown adipocytes in white adipose tissue during CL 316,243-induced reversal of obesity and diabetes in Zucker fa/fa rats. publication-title: Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord doi: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0800432 – reference: 20374955 - Cell Metab. 2010 Apr 7;11(4):248-52 – reference: 9192230 - Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 1997 Jun;21(6):465-75 – reference: 19357405 - N Engl J Med. 2009 Apr 9;360(15):1500-8 – reference: 19357406 - N Engl J Med. 2009 Apr 9;360(15):1509-17 – reference: 20028987 - J Biol Chem. 2010 Mar 5;285(10):7153-64 – reference: 6266825 - Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol. 1981;46(4):339-45 – reference: 16797616 - Physiol Behav. 2006 Jul 30;88(4-5):489-97 – reference: 19187776 - Cell Metab. 2009 Feb;9(2):203-9 – reference: 19357407 - N Engl J Med. 2009 Apr 9;360(15):1518-25 – reference: 15877879 - Br J Nutr. 2005 Mar;93(3):387-91 – reference: 20354155 - Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2010 Jun;298(6):E1244-53 – reference: 20360754 - Obesity (Silver Spring). 2010 Jun;18(6):1092-9 – reference: 15276821 - Physiol Behav. 2004 Sep 15;82(2-3):545-53 – reference: 2336074 - N Engl J Med. 1990 May 24;322(21):1477-82 – reference: 9374134 - J Lipid Res. 1997 Oct;38(10):2125-33 – reference: 20386559 - Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2010 Jun;6(6):319-25 – reference: 14715917 - Physiol Rev. 2004 Jan;84(1):277-359 – reference: 11725726 - Rev Endocr Metab Disord. 2001 Oct;2(4):395-401 – reference: 3922230 - Am J Physiol. 1985 May;248(5 Pt 1):E507-15 – reference: 20374956 - Cell Metab. 2010 Apr 7;11(4):253-6 – reference: 5086212 - J Anat. 1972 May;112(Pt 1):35-9 – reference: 19401428 - Diabetes. 2009 Jul;58(7):1526-31 – reference: 20448535 - Obesity (Silver Spring). 2011 Jan;19(1):13-6 – reference: 20448151 - Science. 2010 May 28;328(5982):1113-4 – reference: 20357363 - Diabetes. 2010 Jul;59(7):1789-93 – reference: 20514071 - Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2010 Jun;9(6):465-82 – reference: 19417078 - FASEB J. 2009 Sep;23(9):3113-20 |
| SSID | ssj0053866 |
| Score | 2.5066166 |
| Snippet | Cold-stimulated adaptive thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT) to increase energy expenditure is suggested as a possible therapeutic target for the... Background Cold-stimulated adaptive thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT) to increase energy expenditure is suggested as a possible therapeutic target... BackgroundCold-stimulated adaptive thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT) to increase energy expenditure is suggested as a possible therapeutic target for... Background Cold-stimulated adaptive thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT) to increase energy expenditure is suggested as a possible therapeutic target... |
| SourceID | plos doaj pubmedcentral proquest gale pubmed crossref |
| SourceType | Open Website Open Access Repository Aggregation Database Index Database Enrichment Source |
| StartPage | e17247 |
| SubjectTerms | Adipocytes Adipose tissue Adipose tissue (brown) Adipose Tissue, Brown - metabolism Adipose Tissue, Brown - physiology Adolescent Adult Biology Body composition Body fat Body mass Body Mass Index Body size Body Temperature Regulation - physiology Care and treatment CAT scans Cold Cold Temperature Computed tomography Cooling Diabetes Energy expenditure Energy Metabolism - physiology Exposure Female Health aspects Humans Male Medicine Metabolism Middle Aged Non-shivering Nuclear medicine Nutrition research Obesity Obesity, Morbid - metabolism Obesity, Morbid - physiopathology Physiological aspects Positron emission Positron emission tomography Rodents Shivering Skin Skin Temperature - physiology Studies Thermogenesis Thermogenesis - physiology Toxicology Young Adult |
| SummonAdditionalLinks | – databaseName: Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) dbid: DOA link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV1Nb9QwELXQnrggCoUGSokqJOCQbhI7cXwsqFXLASSgqDfLn7DSkqya3QP_vjOON9qgSuXAdWcSbd7MeMbJ-A0hb4wwlW5EkVmTs4x5pjKdK5_lWjWWaoMLJ3ZbfK4vrtin6-p6Z9QX9oQN9MADcPNGM-NL2wjDHBNUQHqpvKAF5EmuhQ_spZDztpupYQ2GKK7reFCO8mIe7XKy6lp3ErY9OE5lJxEFvv5xVZ6tll1_V8n5d-fkTio6f0wexRoyPR3--x554NonZC9GaZ--i1TS75-Sedhlp8ouVl3v0nVAOV206e_uRi_s8k_aaQeCfqPxfUy_T67Oz75_vMjiiITM8IrjIPlaqIIWXlmOpRPGo2c0N1h2CG0YWKIGeBzjzNFGK6s0bHB8YTUtdEnpMzJrAZQDkpa5b7yvISSdYIUwgrum4txR7qzNVZkQusVLmsgfjmMsljJ8FOOwjxgeXyLKMqKckGy8ajXwZ9yj_wFNMeoi-3X4AXxCRp-Q9_lEQl6jIeVwlHSMYXnKeC1yynmdkOOggQwYLbbY_FSbvpeXX378g9K3rxOlt1HJdwCHUfFYAzwTMmtNNA8nmhDHZiI-QLfbotLLAr-I4yQpClduXfFucTqK8abYNte6btPLpqo5p6CTkOeD447AllD644KeED5x6QnyU0m7-BX4x2nOwJ2qF__DVC_Jw-EtfZmV7JDM1jcb9wrKvLU-ChF9Cx9XTfo priority: 102 providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals – databaseName: ProQuest Technology Collection dbid: 8FG link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwjV1Lb9QwELZgERIX1JZHQwtYCAk4pJvEThyf0IJYChIgQYt6s_wsK62SsOke-u_xJE5oUAVc43GUfPPwjD2eQei55jpXJU9joxMaU0dlrBLp4kTJ0hClwXBCtsXn4viUfjzLz8KGWxvSKgeb2BlqU2vYI5-ncD4IfXXI6-ZnDF2j4HQ1tNC4iW6lfqWBlK5y-X6wxF6XiyJclyMsnQfuHDV1ZY-64AeaqlxZjrqq_aNtnjXrur3O8fwzf_LKgrTcQXeDJ4kXPet30Q1b7aHbfW_Jyz20G7S2xS9DaelX99C8i7rxwqyaurX4pEMdryr8qd6olVlfYmgUYLE3J7A_095Hp8t3J2-P49AyIdYsZ9BYvuAyJamThoErBfrpKEk0uCFcaeo5U3gXwVJGLSmVNFL5gMelRpFUZYQ8QLPKw7OPcJa40rnCq6jlNOWaM1vmjFnCrDGJzCJEBuSEDvXEoa3FWnSHZMzHFT0QAvAWAe8IxeOspq-n8Q_6N8CUkRaqYXcP6s25CMolSkW1y0zJNbWUE-5dkNxxknpfiinu8gg9BZaK_mrpqNNiQVnBE8JYEaFnHQVUxKgg5eZcbttWfPjy_T-Ivn2dEL0IRK72cGgZrjn4f4JKWxPKwwml12s9Gd4HARxQacVvDfAzB6G8fhiPw_BSSKOrbL1tRZkXjBFPE6GHvQiPwGY-FAADHyE2Ee4J8tORavWjq0dOEurFKX_09686QHf6_fgszughml1stvaxd-gu1JNOa38BOK9Ihw priority: 102 providerName: ProQuest |
| Title | Brown Adipose Tissue in Morbidly Obese Subjects |
| URI | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21390318 https://www.proquest.com/docview/1296428323 https://www.proquest.com/docview/856773832 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC3044745 https://doaj.org/article/8b4cf2d89c4e49398535f9313557b9f5 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0017247 |
| Volume | 6 |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| link | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwjV3db9MwELe27oUXxPhaYJQIIQEPKUnsxPEDQtvUMpAYaFDUN8t27K1SSbqmlbYX_nZ8zocI6gQvfsidLeXufvadP-4QeqmYSmTGoiBXIQmIISKQoTBBKEWWY6lg4oTbFmfp6ZR8miWzHdTWbG0EWG0N7aCe1HS1GF1f3by3gH_nqjbQqO00WpaFHrmghtBdtGfXJgo1DT6T7lzBojtNmwd0t_V06YExA2PvrVUupX83cQ-Wi7La5pX-fbnyj9Vqcg_dbdxM_6i2i320o4v7aL8BcuW_brJNv3mA3rpA3Bf5fFlW2l87Rfjzwv9ZruQ8X9z4pdSWUG0kbNlUD9F0Mv5-cho0VRQCRRMKteZTJiIcGZFT8K4AsobgUIFnwqQiVlmp9Ro0oUTjTIpcSBsDmSiXOJIxxo_QoLDyOUB-HJrMmNSiVjMSMcWozhJKNaY6z0MRewi38uKqSTEOlS4W3J2bURtq1L_PQeC8EbiHgq7Xsk6x8Q_-Y1BFxwsJst2HcnXBG7zxTBJl4jxjimjCMLNeSWIYjqx7RSUziYeegyJ5_dq0gzk_IjS1uqc09dALxwFJMgq4hXMhNlXFP3758R9M3857TK8aJlNacSjRvHyw_wTJt3qchz1OC3XVIx-A2bVSqXgEh-ZQbArbnq0pbif7HRkGhZt1hS43Fc-SlFJseTz0uDbcTrAtDDxEeybdk3yfUswvXYpyHBJrTsmTW8d8iu7Uu_NxEJNDNFivNvqZde_Wcoh26YzaNjuJoJ18GKK94_HZ1_Oh2zAZOkRD-2v8GwNKUi8 |
| linkProvider | Scholars Portal |
| linkToHtml | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwtV1Lb9QwELaqRQguiJZHA4VaCAQc0k1iJ44PCC2PZZc-kGBb9WZixy4rrZKw6Qrtn-I34smLBlXApdf1JMp-Hn8zY49nEHqquAplzH03VR51qaGJK73EuJ5M4pRIBcQJ2RZH0eSYfjwNTzfQz_YuDKRVtpxYEXWaK9gjH_pwPgh9dcjr4rsLXaPgdLVtoVGrxb5e_7AhW_lq-s7O77MgGL-fvZ24TVcBV7GQQe_1iCc-8U2SMvA2QIUNJZ4CS82lovbjI2tFNWVUk1gmaSJtTGD8VBJfBrABain_GiXWksPN9PGHlvktd0RRcz2PMH_YaMNekWd6rwq2oInLBfNXdQnobMGgWOTlZY7un_maFwzg-Da61XiueFSr2iba0NkWul73slxvoc2GJUr8oill_fIOGlZRPh6l8yIvNZ5Vs4znGT7Ml3KeLtYYGhNobOkL9oPKu-j4SsC8hwaZhWcb4cAzsTGRpQTNqc8VZzoOGdOE6TT1ksBBpEVOqKZ-ObTRWIjqUI7ZOKYGQgDeosHbQW73VFHX7_iH_BuYlE4Wqm9XP-TLM9EsZhFLqkyQxlxRTTnh1uUJDSe-9d2Y5CZ00C5MqaivsnYcIkaURdwjjEUOelJJQAWODFJ8zpJVWYrpp5P_EPryuSf0vBEyuYVDJc21CvufoLJXT3KnJ2l5RPWGt0EBW1RK8XvF2Sdbpbx8GHfD8FJI28t0vipFHEaMESvjoPu1CnfABjb0AIPiINZT7h7y_ZFs_q2qf048atUpfPD3r9pFNyazwwNxMD3af4hu1mcBgRvQHTQ4X670I-tMnsvH1QrG6OtVU8YvcnSEDQ |
| linkToPdf | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwtV3fb9MwELamIhAviI0fCwxmIRDwkDWJnTh-QKhsVCuDgWCb9mZixx6VqqQ0q1D_Nf46fIkTFjQBL3utL1Hz-fzdnX2-Q-ip4iqWKQ_9XAXUp4Zmvgwy4wcyS3MiFRAnZFscJvvH9N1pfLqGfrZ3YSCtsuXEmqjzUsEe-TCE80Hoq0OGxqVFfNobv55_96GDFJy0tu00GhU50KsfNnyrXk327Fw_i6Lx26Pdfd91GPAVixn0YU94FpLQZDkDzwPU2VASKLDaXCpqPySxFlVTRjVJZZZn0sYHJswlCWUEm6GW_q8xwlJYY-lul15ieSRJ3FU9wsKh04ydeVnonTrwgoYuF0xh3TGgswuD-aysLnN6_8zdvGAMx7fRLefF4lGjdutoTRcb6HrT13K1gdYdY1T4hStr_fIOGtYRPx7l03lZaXxUzzieFvhDuZDTfLbC0KRAY0tlsDdU3UXHVwLmPTQoLDybCEeBSY1JLD1oTkOuONNpzJgmTOd5kEUeIi1yQrla5tBSYybqAzpmY5oGCAF4C4e3h_zuqXlTy-Mf8m9gUjpZqMRd_1AuzoRb2CKVVJkoT7mimnLCrfsTG05C68cxyU3soW2YUtFca-34RIwoS3hAGEs89KSWgGocBej1WbasKjH5ePIfQl8-94SeOyFTWjhU5q5Y2G-CKl89ya2epOUU1RveBAVsUanE79Vnn2yV8vJh3A3DSyGFr9DlshJpnDBGrIyH7jcq3AEb2TAEjIuHWE-5e8j3R4rpt7oWOgmoVaf4wd__1Ta6YclCvJ8cHjxEN5tjgciP6BYanC-W-pH1K8_l43oBY_T1qhnjF1YuiA4 |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Brown+adipose+tissue+in+morbidly+obese+subjects&rft.jtitle=PloS+one&rft.au=Vijgen%2C+Guy+H+E+J&rft.au=Bouvy%2C+Nicole+D&rft.au=Teule%2C+G+J+Jaap&rft.au=Brans%2C+Boudewijn&rft.date=2011-02-24&rft.eissn=1932-6203&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=e17247&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0017247&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F21390318&rft.externalDocID=21390318 |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1932-6203&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1932-6203&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1932-6203&client=summon |