Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Structural Disadvantage and Crime: White, Black, and Hispanic Comparisons

Objectives. The objective of this study is to advance knowledge on racial/ethnic disparities in violence and the structural sources of those disparities. We do so by extending scarce and limited research exploring the relationship between race/ethnic gaps in disadvantage and differences in violent c...

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Published inSocial science quarterly Vol. 93; no. 3; pp. 799 - 819
Main Authors Ulmer, Jeffery T., Harris, Casey T., Steffensmeier, Darrell
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Hoboken, NJ Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.09.2012
Southwestern Social Science Association
Wiley
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Abstract Objectives. The objective of this study is to advance knowledge on racial/ethnic disparities in violence and the structural sources of those disparities. We do so by extending scarce and limited research exploring the relationship between race/ethnic gaps in disadvantage and differences in violent crime across groups. Methods. Using census place-level data from California and New York, we construct white, black, and Hispanic "gap" measures that take as a given the existence of disparities across race/ethnic groups in structural disadvantage and crime and subsequently utilize seemingly unrelated regression models to assess the extent to which gaps in disadvantage are predictive of gaps in homicide and index violence. Results. Our results suggest that (1) there is considerable heterogeneity in the size of white-black, white-Hispanic, and black-Hispanic gaps in structural disadvantage and crime and (2) that race/ethnic disparities in structural disadvantage, particularly poverty and female headship, are positively associated with race/ethnic gaps in homicide and index violence. Conclusion. In light of recent scholarship on the racial invariance hypothesis and on the relationship between structural inequality and crime, the current study demonstrates that disparities in disadvantage, particularly family structure and poverty, are important in driving racial and ethnic disparities in crime.
AbstractList The objective of this study is to advance knowledge on racial/ethnic disparities in violence and the structural sources of those disparities. We do so by extending scarce and limited research exploring the relationship between race/ethnic gaps in disadvantage and differences in violent crime across groups. Using census place-level data from California and New York, we construct White, Black, and Hispanic "gap" measures that take as a given the existence of disparities across race/ethnic groups in structural disadvantage and crime and subsequently utilize seemingly unrelated regression models to assess the extent to which gaps in disadvantage are predictive of gaps in homicide and index violence. Our results suggest that (1) there is considerable heterogeneity in the size of White-Black, White-Hispanic, and Black-Hispanic gaps in structural disadvantage and crime and (2) that race/ethnic disparities in structural disadvantage, particularly poverty and female headship, are positively associated with race/ethnic gaps in homicide and index violence. In light of recent scholarship on the racial invariance hypothesis and on the relationship between structural inequality and crime, the current study demonstrates that disparities in disadvantage, particularly family structure and poverty, are important in driving racial and ethnic disparities in crime.
OBJECTIVESThe objective of this study is to advance knowledge on racial/ethnic disparities in violence and the structural sources of those disparities. We do so by extending scarce and limited research exploring the relationship between race/ethnic gaps in disadvantage and differences in violent crime across groups. METHODSUsing census place-level data from California and New York, we construct White, Black, and Hispanic "gap" measures that take as a given the existence of disparities across race/ethnic groups in structural disadvantage and crime and subsequently utilize seemingly unrelated regression models to assess the extent to which gaps in disadvantage are predictive of gaps in homicide and index violence. RESULTSOur results suggest that (1) there is considerable heterogeneity in the size of White-Black, White-Hispanic, and Black-Hispanic gaps in structural disadvantage and crime and (2) that race/ethnic disparities in structural disadvantage, particularly poverty and female headship, are positively associated with race/ethnic gaps in homicide and index violence. CONCLUSIONIn light of recent scholarship on the racial invariance hypothesis and on the relationship between structural inequality and crime, the current study demonstrates that disparities in disadvantage, particularly family structure and poverty, are important in driving racial and ethnic disparities in crime.
Objectives: The objective of this study is to advance knowledge on racial/ethnic disparities in violence and the structural sources of those disparities. We do so by extending scarce and limited research exploring the relationship between race/ethnic gaps in disadvantage and differences in violent crime across groups. Methods: Using census place-level data from California and New York, we construct white, black, and Hispanic "gap" measures that take as a given the existence of disparities across race/ethnic groups in structural disadvantage and crime and subsequently utilize seemingly unrelated regression models to assess the extent to which gaps in disadvantage are predictive of gaps in homicide and index violence. Results: Our results suggest that (1) there is considerable heterogeneity in the size of white-black, white-Hispanic, and black-Hispanic gaps in structural disadvantage and crime and (2) that race/ethnic disparities in structural disadvantage, particularly poverty and female headship, are positively associated with race/ethnic gaps in homicide and index violence. Conclusion: In light of recent scholarship on the racial invariance hypothesis and on the relationship between structural inequality and crime, the current study demonstrates that disparities in disadvantage, particularly family structure and poverty, are important in driving racial and ethnic disparities in crime. Adapted from the source document.
The objective of this study is to advance knowledge on racial/ethnic disparities in violence and the structural sources of those disparities. We do so by extending scarce and limited research exploring the relationship between race/ethnic gaps in disadvantage and differences in violent crime across groups. Using census place-level data from California and New York, we construct white, black, and Hispanic "gap" measures that take as a given the existence of disparities across race/ethnic groups in structural disadvantage and crime and subsequently utilize seemingly unrelated regression models to assess the extent to which gaps in disadvantage are predictive of gaps in homicide and index violence. Our results suggest that (1) there is considerable heterogeneity in the size of white-black, white-Hispanic, and black-Hispanic gaps in structural disadvantage and crime and (2) that race/ethnic disparities in structural disadvantage, particularly poverty and female headship, are positively associated with race/ethnic gaps in homicide and index violence. In light of recent scholarship on the racial invariance hypothesis and on the relationship between structural inequality and crime, the current study demonstrates that disparities in disadvantage, particularly family structure and poverty, are important in driving racial and ethnic disparities in crime.
Objectives. The objective of this study is to advance knowledge on racial/ethnic disparities in violence and the structural sources of those disparities. We do so by extending scarce and limited research exploring the relationship between race/ethnic gaps in disadvantage and differences in violent crime across groups. Methods. Using census place-level data from California and New York, we construct white, black, and Hispanic "gap" measures that take as a given the existence of disparities across race/ethnic groups in structural disadvantage and crime and subsequently utilize seemingly unrelated regression models to assess the extent to which gaps in disadvantage are predictive of gaps in homicide and index violence. Results. Our results suggest that (1) there is considerable heterogeneity in the size of white-black, white-Hispanic, and black-Hispanic gaps in structural disadvantage and crime and (2) that race/ethnic disparities in structural disadvantage, particularly poverty and female headship, are positively associated with race/ethnic gaps in homicide and index violence. Conclusion. In light of recent scholarship on the racial invariance hypothesis and on the relationship between structural inequality and crime, the current study demonstrates that disparities in disadvantage, particularly family structure and poverty, are important in driving racial and ethnic disparities in crime.
The objective of this study is to advance knowledge on racial/ethnic disparities in violence and the structural sources of those disparities. We do so by extending scarce and limited research exploring the relationship between race/ethnic gaps in disadvantage and differences in violent crime across groups. Using census place-level data from California and New York, we construct white, black, and Hispanic "gap" measures that take as a given the existence of disparities across race/ethnic groups in structural disadvantage and crime and subsequently utilize seemingly unrelated regression models to assess the extent to which gaps in disadvantage are predictive of gaps in homicide and index violence. Our results suggest that (1) there is considerable heterogeneity in the size of white-black, white-Hispanic, and black-Hispanic gaps in structural disadvantage and crime and (2) that race/ethnic disparities in structural disadvantage, particularly poverty and female headship, are positively associated with race/ethnic gaps in homicide and index violence. In light of recent scholarship on the racial invariance hypothesis and on the relationship between structural inequality and crime, the current study demonstrates that disparities in disadvantage, particularly family structure and poverty, are important in driving racial and ethnic disparities in crime. Reprinted by permission of Blackwell Publishers
Objectives The objective of this study is to advance knowledge on racial/ethnic disparities in violence and the structural sources of those disparities. We do so by extending scarce and limited research exploring the relationship between race/ethnic gaps in disadvantage and differences in violent crime across groups. Methods Using census place‐level data from California and New York, we construct white, black, and Hispanic “gap” measures that take as a given the existence of disparities across race/ethnic groups in structural disadvantage and crime and subsequently utilize seemingly unrelated regression models to assess the extent to which gaps in disadvantage are predictive of gaps in homicide and index violence. Results Our results suggest that (1) there is considerable heterogeneity in the size of white–black, white–Hispanic, and black–Hispanic gaps in structural disadvantage and crime and (2) that race/ethnic disparities in structural disadvantage, particularly poverty and female headship, are positively associated with race/ethnic gaps in homicide and index violence. Conclusion In light of recent scholarship on the racial invariance hypothesis and on the relationship between structural inequality and crime, the current study demonstrates that disparities in disadvantage, particularly family structure and poverty, are important in driving racial and ethnic disparities in crime.
Author Harris, Casey T.
Steffensmeier, Darrell
Ulmer, Jeffery T.
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Issue 3
Keywords Poverty
Disparity
Homicide
Violence
Ethnic group
Language English
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This research made is possible by National Science Foundation Grant SES‐0719648. The corresponding author agrees to share all data and coding for replication purposes. We acknowledge the helpful comments on earlier drafts of this article by Miles Harer. Special thanks to David J. Van Alstyne and James Gilmore at the New York Bureau of Justice Research and Innovation for assistance in compiling the New York, Umash Prasad for assistance with the California data, and Lori Kirk of the Texas Uniform Crime Reporting office for assistance with the Texas arrest data.
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Snippet Objectives. The objective of this study is to advance knowledge on racial/ethnic disparities in violence and the structural sources of those disparities. We do...
Objectives The objective of this study is to advance knowledge on racial/ethnic disparities in violence and the structural sources of those disparities. We do...
The objective of this study is to advance knowledge on racial/ethnic disparities in violence and the structural sources of those disparities. We do so by...
Objectives: The objective of this study is to advance knowledge on racial/ethnic disparities in violence and the structural sources of those disparities. We do...
OBJECTIVESThe objective of this study is to advance knowledge on racial/ethnic disparities in violence and the structural sources of those disparities. We do...
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SourceType Open Access Repository
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SubjectTerms Black people
Black White Relations
California
Census
Comparative analysis
Crime
Criminal arrests
Criminal justice
Criminal sociology. Police. Delinquency. Deviance. Suicide
Cultural differences
Cultures and civilizations
Ethnic groups
Ethnic groups. Acculturation. Cultural identity
Ethnic minorities
Heterogeneity
Hispanic Americans
Hispanic people
Hispanics
Homicide
Inequality
Murders & murder attempts
New York
Of General Interest
Poverty
Prediction
Race
Racial Differences
Racial discrimination
Regression analysis
Sociology
Sociology of law and criminology
U.S.A
Unemployment
Violence
Violent crimes
White people
Whites
Title Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Structural Disadvantage and Crime: White, Black, and Hispanic Comparisons
URI https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/WNG-GDTM4GNL-C/fulltext.pdf
https://www.jstor.org/stable/42864098
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111%2Fj.1540-6237.2012.00868.x
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25035523
https://www.proquest.com/docview/1032943892
https://search.proquest.com/docview/1040992602
https://search.proquest.com/docview/1069193628
https://search.proquest.com/docview/1221407398
https://search.proquest.com/docview/1221408078
https://search.proquest.com/docview/1835592739
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC4097310
Volume 93
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