Mfsd2a is a transporter for the essential omega-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid
Mfsd2a is the major transporter of the omega-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) into brain, with Mfsd2a -knockout mice showing reduced DHA in brain, neuronal cell loss in hippocampus and cerebellum, behavioural disorders and reduced brain size; DHA is transported in a sodium-dependent manner, i...
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Published in | Nature (London) Vol. 509; no. 7501; pp. 503 - 506 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
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London
Nature Publishing Group UK
22.05.2014
Nature Publishing Group |
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Abstract | Mfsd2a is the major transporter of the omega-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) into brain, with
Mfsd2a
-knockout mice showing reduced DHA in brain, neuronal cell loss in hippocampus and cerebellum, behavioural disorders and reduced brain size; DHA is transported in a sodium-dependent manner, in the form of lysophosphatidylcholines (LPCs) carrying long-chain fatty acids.
Building the blood–brain barrier
The blood–brain barrier serves a vital function in maintaining the necessary environment for brain function but is an inconvenient obstacle to brain-directed therapeutics. Two papers published in this issue of
Nature
report the involvement of Mfsd2a, a member of the major facilitator superfamily regarded previously as an orphan transporter, in two aspects of blood–brain barrier function. David Silver and colleagues identify Mfsd2a as the major transporter for uptake of the omega fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) into the brain. Mfsd2a is exclusively expressed in the endothelium of the blood–brain barrier, and
Mfsd2a
-knockout mice have reduced levels brain DHA, neuronal loss and reduced brain size and function. Chenghua Gu and colleagues find a role for Mfsd2 as a regulator of blood–brain barrier development and function: the barrier becomes 'leaky' in Mfsd2a-deficient mice, possibly a result of increased transcellular vesicular transport.
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an omega-3 fatty acid that is essential for normal brain growth and cognitive function
1
,
2
,
3
,
4
. Consistent with its importance in the brain, DHA is highly enriched in brain phospholipids
5
,
6
,
7
. Despite being an abundant fatty acid in brain phospholipids, DHA cannot be
de novo
synthesized in brain and must be imported across the blood–brain barrier, but mechanisms for DHA uptake in brain have remained enigmatic. Here we identify a member of the major facilitator superfamily—Mfsd2a (previously an orphan transporter)—as the major transporter for DHA uptake into brain. Mfsd2a is found to be expressed exclusively in endothelium of the blood–brain barrier of micro-vessels. Lipidomic analysis indicates that
Mfsd2a
-deficient (
Mfsd2a
-knockout) mice show markedly reduced levels of DHA in brain accompanied by neuronal cell loss in hippocampus and cerebellum, as well as cognitive deficits and severe anxiety, and microcephaly. Unexpectedly, cell-based studies indicate that Mfsd2a transports DHA in the form of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), but not unesterified fatty acid, in a sodium-dependent manner. Notably, Mfsd2a transports common plasma LPCs carrying long-chain fatty acids such LPC oleate and LPC palmitate, but not LPCs with less than a 14-carbon acyl chain. Moreover, we determine that the phosphor-zwitterionic headgroup of LPC is critical for transport. Importantly,
Mfsd2a
-knockout mice have markedly reduced uptake of labelled LPC DHA, and other LPCs, from plasma into brain, demonstrating that Mfsd2a is required for brain uptake of DHA. Our findings reveal an unexpected essential physiological role of plasma-derived LPCs in brain growth and function. |
---|---|
AbstractList | Mfsd2a is the major transporter of the omega-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) into brain, with Mfsd2a-knockout mice showing reduced DHA in brain, neuronal cell loss in hippocampus and cerebellum, behavioural disorders and reduced brain size; DHA is transported in a sodium-dependent manner, in the form of lysophosphatidylcholines (LPCs) carrying long-chain fatty acids. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an omega-3 fatty acid that is essential for normal brain growth and cognitive function. Consistent with its importance in the brain, DHA is highly enriched in brain phospholipids. Despite being an abundant fatty acid in brain phospholipids, DHA cannot be de novo synthesized in brain and must be imported across the blood-brain barrier, but mechanisms for DHA uptake in brain have remained enigmatic. Here we identify a member of the major facilitator superfamily--Mfsd2a (previously an orphan transporter)--as the major transporter for DHA uptake into brain. Mfsd2a is found to be expressed exclusively in endothelium of the blood-brain barrier of micro-vessels. Lipidomic analysis indicates that Mfsd2a-deficient (Mfsd2a-knockout) mice show markedly reduced levels of DHA in brain accompanied by neuronal cell loss in hippocampus and cerebellum, as well as cognitive deficits and severe anxiety, and microcephaly. Unexpectedly, cell-based studies indicate that Mfsd2a transports DHA in the form of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), but not unesterified fatty acid, in a sodium-dependent manner. Notably, Mfsd2a transports common plasma LPCs carrying long-chain fatty acids such LPC oleate and LPC palmitate, but not LPCs with less than a 14-carbon acyl chain. Moreover, we determine that the phosphor-zwitterionic headgroup of LPC is critical for transport. Importantly, Mfsd2a-knockout mice have markedly reduced uptake of labelled LPC DHA, and other LPCs, from plasma into brain, demonstrating that Mfsd2a is required for brain uptake of DHA. Our findings reveal an unexpected essential physiological role of plasma-derived LPCs in brain growth and function. Mfsd2a is the major transporter of the omega-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) into brain, with Mfsd2a -knockout mice showing reduced DHA in brain, neuronal cell loss in hippocampus and cerebellum, behavioural disorders and reduced brain size; DHA is transported in a sodium-dependent manner, in the form of lysophosphatidylcholines (LPCs) carrying long-chain fatty acids. Building the blood–brain barrier The blood–brain barrier serves a vital function in maintaining the necessary environment for brain function but is an inconvenient obstacle to brain-directed therapeutics. Two papers published in this issue of Nature report the involvement of Mfsd2a, a member of the major facilitator superfamily regarded previously as an orphan transporter, in two aspects of blood–brain barrier function. David Silver and colleagues identify Mfsd2a as the major transporter for uptake of the omega fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) into the brain. Mfsd2a is exclusively expressed in the endothelium of the blood–brain barrier, and Mfsd2a -knockout mice have reduced levels brain DHA, neuronal loss and reduced brain size and function. Chenghua Gu and colleagues find a role for Mfsd2 as a regulator of blood–brain barrier development and function: the barrier becomes 'leaky' in Mfsd2a-deficient mice, possibly a result of increased transcellular vesicular transport. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an omega-3 fatty acid that is essential for normal brain growth and cognitive function 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 . Consistent with its importance in the brain, DHA is highly enriched in brain phospholipids 5 , 6 , 7 . Despite being an abundant fatty acid in brain phospholipids, DHA cannot be de novo synthesized in brain and must be imported across the blood–brain barrier, but mechanisms for DHA uptake in brain have remained enigmatic. Here we identify a member of the major facilitator superfamily—Mfsd2a (previously an orphan transporter)—as the major transporter for DHA uptake into brain. Mfsd2a is found to be expressed exclusively in endothelium of the blood–brain barrier of micro-vessels. Lipidomic analysis indicates that Mfsd2a -deficient ( Mfsd2a -knockout) mice show markedly reduced levels of DHA in brain accompanied by neuronal cell loss in hippocampus and cerebellum, as well as cognitive deficits and severe anxiety, and microcephaly. Unexpectedly, cell-based studies indicate that Mfsd2a transports DHA in the form of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), but not unesterified fatty acid, in a sodium-dependent manner. Notably, Mfsd2a transports common plasma LPCs carrying long-chain fatty acids such LPC oleate and LPC palmitate, but not LPCs with less than a 14-carbon acyl chain. Moreover, we determine that the phosphor-zwitterionic headgroup of LPC is critical for transport. Importantly, Mfsd2a -knockout mice have markedly reduced uptake of labelled LPC DHA, and other LPCs, from plasma into brain, demonstrating that Mfsd2a is required for brain uptake of DHA. Our findings reveal an unexpected essential physiological role of plasma-derived LPCs in brain growth and function. Mfsd2a is the major transporter of the omega-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) into brain, with Mfsd2a-knockout mice showing reduced DHA in brain, neuronal cell loss in hippocampus and cerebellum, behavioural disorders and reduced brain size; DHA is transported in a sodium-dependent manner, in the form of lysophosphatidylcholines (LPCs) carrying long-chain fatty acids. Building the blood-brain barrier The blood-brain barrier serves a vital function in maintaining the necessary environment for brain function but is an inconvenient obstacle to brain-directed therapeutics. Two papers published in this issue of Nature report the involvement of Mfsd2a, a member of the major facilitator superfamily regarded previously as an orphan transporter, in two aspects of blood-brain barrier function. David Silver and colleagues identify Mfsd2a as the major transporter for uptake of the omega fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) into the brain. Mfsd2a is exclusively expressed in the endothelium of the blood-brain barrier, and Mfsd2a-knockout mice have reduced levels brain DHA, neuronal loss and reduced brain size and function. Chenghua Gu and colleagues find a role for Mfsd2 as a regulator of blood-brain barrier development and function: the barrier becomes 'leaky' in Mfsd2a-deficient mice, possibly a result of increased transcellular vesicular transport. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an omega-3 fatty acid that is essential for normal brain growth and cognitive function.sup.1,2,3,4. Consistent with its importance in the brain, DHA is highly enriched in brain phospholipids.sup.5,6,7. Despite being an abundant fatty acid in brain phospholipids, DHA cannot be de novo synthesized in brain and must be imported across the blood-brain barrier, but mechanisms for DHA uptake in brain have remained enigmatic. Here we identify a member of the major facilitator superfamily--Mfsd2a (previously an orphan transporter)--as the major transporter for DHA uptake into brain. Mfsd2a is found to be expressed exclusively in endothelium of the blood-brain barrier of micro-vessels. Lipidomic analysis indicates that Mfsd2a-deficient (Mfsd2a-knockout) mice show markedly reduced levels of DHA in brain accompanied by neuronal cell loss in hippocampus and cerebellum, as well as cognitive deficits and severe anxiety, and microcephaly. Unexpectedly, cell-based studies indicate that Mfsd2a transports DHA in the form of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), but not unesterified fatty acid, in a sodium-dependent manner. Notably, Mfsd2a transports common plasma LPCs carrying long-chain fatty acids such LPC oleate and LPC palmitate, but not LPCs with less than a 14-carbon acyl chain. Moreover, we determine that the phosphor-zwitterionic headgroup of LPC is critical for transport. Importantly, Mfsd2a-knockout mice have markedly reduced uptake of labelled LPC DHA, and other LPCs, from plasma into brain, demonstrating that Mfsd2a is required for brain uptake of DHA. Our findings reveal an unexpected essential physiological role of plasma-derived LPCs in brain growth and function. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an omega-3 fatty acid that is essential for normal brain growth and cognitive function. Consistent with its importance in the brain, DHA is highly enriched in brain phospholipids. Despite being an abundant fatty acid in brain phospholipids, DHA cannot be de novo synthesized in brain and must be imported across the blood-brain barrier, but mechanisms for DHA uptake in brain have remained enigmatic. Here we identify a member of the major facilitator superfamily--Mfsd2a (previously an orphan transporter)--as the major transporter for DHA uptake into brain. Mfsd2a is found to be expressed exclusively in endothelium of the blood-brain barrier of micro-vessels. Lipidomic analysis indicates that Mfsd2a-deficient (Mfsd2a-knockout) mice show markedly reduced levels of DHA in brain accompanied by neuronal cell loss in hippocampus and cerebellum, as well as cognitive deficits and severe anxiety, and microcephaly. Unexpectedly, cell-based studies indicate that Mfsd2a transports DHA in the form of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), but not unesterified fatty acid, in a sodium-dependent manner. Notably, Mfsd2a transports common plasma LPCs carrying long-chain fatty acids such LPC oleate and LPC palmitate, but not LPCs with less than a 14-carbon acyl chain. Moreover, we determine that the phosphor-zwitterionic headgroup of LPC is critical for transport. Importantly, Mfsd2a-knockout mice have markedly reduced uptake of labelled LPC DHA, and other LPCs, from plasma into brain, demonstrating that Mfsd2a is required for brain uptake of DHA. Our findings reveal an unexpected essential physiological role of plasma-derived LPCs in brain growth and function.Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an omega-3 fatty acid that is essential for normal brain growth and cognitive function. Consistent with its importance in the brain, DHA is highly enriched in brain phospholipids. Despite being an abundant fatty acid in brain phospholipids, DHA cannot be de novo synthesized in brain and must be imported across the blood-brain barrier, but mechanisms for DHA uptake in brain have remained enigmatic. Here we identify a member of the major facilitator superfamily--Mfsd2a (previously an orphan transporter)--as the major transporter for DHA uptake into brain. Mfsd2a is found to be expressed exclusively in endothelium of the blood-brain barrier of micro-vessels. Lipidomic analysis indicates that Mfsd2a-deficient (Mfsd2a-knockout) mice show markedly reduced levels of DHA in brain accompanied by neuronal cell loss in hippocampus and cerebellum, as well as cognitive deficits and severe anxiety, and microcephaly. Unexpectedly, cell-based studies indicate that Mfsd2a transports DHA in the form of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), but not unesterified fatty acid, in a sodium-dependent manner. Notably, Mfsd2a transports common plasma LPCs carrying long-chain fatty acids such LPC oleate and LPC palmitate, but not LPCs with less than a 14-carbon acyl chain. Moreover, we determine that the phosphor-zwitterionic headgroup of LPC is critical for transport. Importantly, Mfsd2a-knockout mice have markedly reduced uptake of labelled LPC DHA, and other LPCs, from plasma into brain, demonstrating that Mfsd2a is required for brain uptake of DHA. Our findings reveal an unexpected essential physiological role of plasma-derived LPCs in brain growth and function. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an omega-3 fatty acid that is essential for normal brain growth and cognitive function (1-4). Consistent with its importance in the brain, DHA is highly enriched in brain phospholipids (5-7). Despite being an abundant fatty acid in brain phospholipids, DHA cannot be de novo synthesized in brain and must be imported across the blood-brain barrier, but mechanisms for DHA uptake in brain have remained enigmatic. Here we identify a member of the major facilitator superfamily--Mfsd2a (previously an orphan transporter)--as the major transporter for DHA uptake into brain. Mfsd2a is found to be expressed exclusively in endothelium of the blood-brain barrier of micro-vessels. Lipidomic analysis indicates that Mfsd2a-deficient (Mfsd2a-knockout) mice show markedly reduced levels of DHA in brain accompanied by neuronal cell loss in hippocampus and cerebellum, as well as cognitive deficits and severe anxiety, and microcephaly. Unexpectedly, cell-based studies indicate that Mfsd2a transports DHA in the form of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), but not unesterified fatty acid, in a sodium-dependent manner. Notably, Mfsd2a transports common plasma LPCs carrying long-chain fatty acids such LPC oleate and LPC palmitate, but not LPCs with less than a 14-carbon acyl chain. Moreover, we determine that the phosphor-zwitterionic headgroup of LPC is critical for transport. Importantly, Mfsd2a-knockout mice have markedly reduced uptake of labelled LPC DHA, and other LPCs, from plasma into brain, demonstrating that Mfsd2a is required for brain uptake of DHA. Our findings reveal an unexpected essential physiological role of plasma-derived LPCs in brain growth and function. |
Audience | Academic |
Author | Shui, Guanghou Cazenave-Gassiot, Amaury Zhang, Xiaodong Wenk, Markus R. Silver, David L. Nguyen, Long N. Ma, Dongliang Wong, Peiyan Goh, Eyleen L. K. |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Long N. surname: Nguyen fullname: Nguyen, Long N. organization: Signature Research Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore, 8 College Road, 169857 Singapore – sequence: 2 givenname: Dongliang surname: Ma fullname: Ma, Dongliang organization: Signature Research Program in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore, 8 College Road, 169857 Singapore – sequence: 3 givenname: Guanghou surname: Shui fullname: Shui, Guanghou organization: Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, 8 Medical Drive, Block MD7, 117597 Singapore – sequence: 4 givenname: Peiyan surname: Wong fullname: Wong, Peiyan organization: Signature Research Program in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore, 8 College Road, 169857 Singapore – sequence: 5 givenname: Amaury surname: Cazenave-Gassiot fullname: Cazenave-Gassiot, Amaury organization: Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, 8 Medical Drive, Block MD7, 117597 Singapore – sequence: 6 givenname: Xiaodong surname: Zhang fullname: Zhang, Xiaodong organization: Signature Research Program in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore, 8 College Road, 169857 Singapore – sequence: 7 givenname: Markus R. surname: Wenk fullname: Wenk, Markus R. organization: Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, 8 Medical Drive, Block MD7, 117597 Singapore – sequence: 8 givenname: Eyleen L. K. surname: Goh fullname: Goh, Eyleen L. K. organization: Signature Research Program in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore, 8 College Road, 169857 Singapore – sequence: 9 givenname: David L. surname: Silver fullname: Silver, David L. email: david.silver@duke-nus.edu.sg organization: Signature Research Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore, 8 College Road, 169857 Singapore |
BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24828044$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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Snippet | Mfsd2a is the major transporter of the omega-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) into brain, with
Mfsd2a
-knockout mice showing reduced DHA in brain,... Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an omega-3 fatty acid that is essential for normal brain growth and cognitive function. Consistent with its importance in the... Mfsd2a is the major transporter of the omega-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) into brain, with Mfsd2a-knockout mice showing reduced DHA in brain,... Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an omega-3 fatty acid that is essential for normal brain growth and cognitive function (1-4). Consistent with its importance in... |
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SubjectTerms | 13 13/1 13/106 14/19 631/45/287/1194 64 64/60 Animal cognition Animals Anxiety Anxiety - physiopathology Biological Transport Blood-brain barrier Blood-Brain Barrier - metabolism Brain - metabolism Brain - pathology Brain - physiopathology Carrier proteins Cognition Disorders - pathology Cognition Disorders - physiopathology Cognitive ability Docosahexaenoic Acids - deficiency Docosahexaenoic Acids - metabolism Endothelium Endothelium, Vascular - metabolism Fatty acids Female Humanities and Social Sciences letter Lysophosphatidylcholines - chemistry Lysophosphatidylcholines - metabolism Male Membrane proteins Membrane Transport Proteins - deficiency Membrane Transport Proteins - genetics Membrane Transport Proteins - metabolism Mice Mice, Knockout Microcephaly - metabolism Microcephaly - pathology Microvessels - metabolism multidisciplinary Neurons - metabolism Neurons - pathology Omega-3 fatty acids Organ Size Physiological aspects Plasma Rodents Science Sodium - metabolism Statistical analysis |
Title | Mfsd2a is a transporter for the essential omega-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid |
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