Rapid and sensitive detection of elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus 1 (EEHV1) in blood by loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP)

Elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus type 1 (EEHV1) is the most important causative agent of an acute fatal hemorrhagic disease in Asian elephants (Elephas maximus). We employed loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) to develop a rapid and simple detection method for EEHV1 in blood. When use...

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Published inJournal of Veterinary Medical Science Vol. 81; no. 3; pp. 504 - 507
Main Authors TAKEHANA, Kazuya, KINJYO, Teruo, NEMOTO, Manabu, MATSUNO, Keita
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Japan JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE 2019
Japan Science and Technology Agency
The Japanese Society of Veterinary Science
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Abstract Elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus type 1 (EEHV1) is the most important causative agent of an acute fatal hemorrhagic disease in Asian elephants (Elephas maximus). We employed loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) to develop a rapid and simple detection method for EEHV1 in blood. When used to test 21 clinical samples collected in Japan, the EEHV1 assay correctly identified one positive and 20 negative clinical samples. It was observed that when samples were spiked with synthetic DNA plasmids including EEHV1 polymerase gene, the detection limit of the LAMP assay was 101.2 copies/µl and 100-fold higher than that of conventional PCR. These advantages of the LAMP assay for EEHV1 detection may facilitate better veterinary practices for treating elephants suffering from the acute disease.
AbstractList Elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus type 1 (EEHV1) is the most important causative agent of an acute fatal hemorrhagic disease in Asian elephants (Elephas maximus). We employed loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) to develop a rapid and simple detection method for EEHV1 in blood. When used to test 21 clinical samples collected in Japan, the EEHV1 assay correctly identified one positive and 20 negative clinical samples. It was observed that when samples were spiked with synthetic DNA plasmids including EEHV1 polymerase gene, the detection limit of the LAMP assay was 101.2 copies/µl and 100-fold higher than that of conventional PCR. These advantages of the LAMP assay for EEHV1 detection may facilitate better veterinary practices for treating elephants suffering from the acute disease.
Elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus type 1 (EEHV1) is the most important causative agent of an acute fatal hemorrhagic disease in Asian elephants (Elephas maximus). We employed loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) to develop a rapid and simple detection method for EEHV1 in blood. When used to test 21 clinical samples collected in Japan, the EEHV1 assay correctly identified one positive and 20 negative clinical samples. It was observed that when samples were spiked with synthetic DNA plasmids including EEHV1 polymerase gene, the detection limit of the LAMP assay was 10 copies/µl and 100-fold higher than that of conventional PCR. These advantages of the LAMP assay for EEHV1 detection may facilitate better veterinary practices for treating elephants suffering from the acute disease.
Elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus type 1 (EEHV1) is the most important causative agent of an acute fatal hemorrhagic disease in Asian elephants ( Elephas maximus ). We employed loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) to develop a rapid and simple detection method for EEHV1 in blood. When used to test 21 clinical samples collected in Japan, the EEHV1 assay correctly identified one positive and 20 negative clinical samples. It was observed that when samples were spiked with synthetic DNA plasmids including EEHV1 polymerase gene, the detection limit of the LAMP assay was 10 1.2 copies/ µl and 100-fold higher than that of conventional PCR. These advantages of the LAMP assay for EEHV1 detection may facilitate better veterinary practices for treating elephants suffering from the acute disease.
Elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus type 1 (EEHV1) is the most important causative agent of an acute fatal hemorrhagic disease in Asian elephants (Elephas maximus). We employed loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) to develop a rapid and simple detection method for EEHV1 in blood. When used to test 21 clinical samples collected in Japan, the EEHV1 assay correctly identified one positive and 20 negative clinical samples. It was observed that when samples were spiked with synthetic DNA plasmids including EEHV1 polymerase gene, the detection limit of the LAMP assay was 101.2 copies/µl and 100-fold higher than that of conventional PCR. These advantages of the LAMP assay for EEHV1 detection may facilitate better veterinary practices for treating elephants suffering from the acute disease.Elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus type 1 (EEHV1) is the most important causative agent of an acute fatal hemorrhagic disease in Asian elephants (Elephas maximus). We employed loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) to develop a rapid and simple detection method for EEHV1 in blood. When used to test 21 clinical samples collected in Japan, the EEHV1 assay correctly identified one positive and 20 negative clinical samples. It was observed that when samples were spiked with synthetic DNA plasmids including EEHV1 polymerase gene, the detection limit of the LAMP assay was 101.2 copies/µl and 100-fold higher than that of conventional PCR. These advantages of the LAMP assay for EEHV1 detection may facilitate better veterinary practices for treating elephants suffering from the acute disease.
Author NEMOTO, Manabu
MATSUNO, Keita
TAKEHANA, Kazuya
KINJYO, Teruo
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  organization: Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
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Issue 3
Keywords Asian elephants (Elephas maximus)
elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus (EEHV)
acute hemorrhagic disease
polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP)
Language English
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References 7. Long, S. Y., Latimer, E. M. and Hayward, G. S. 2016. Review of elephant endotheliotropic herpesviruses and acute hemorrhagic disease. ILAR J. 56: 283–296.
9. Parida, M., Sannarangaiah, S., Dash, P. K., Rao, P. V. L. and Morita, K. 2008. Loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP): a new generation of innovative gene amplification technique; perspectives in clinical diagnosis of infectious diseases. Rev. Med. Virol. 18: 407–421.
2. Dastjerdi, A., Seilern-Moy, K., Darpel, K., Steinbach, F. and Molenaar, F. 2016. Surviving and fatal Elephant Endotheliotropic Herpesvirus-1A infections in juvenile Asian elephants - lessons learned and recommendations on anti-herpesviral therapy. BMC Vet. Res. 12: 178.
5. Kendall, R., Howard, L., Masters, N. and Grant, R. 2016. The impact of elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus on the captive Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) population of the United Kingdom and Ireland (1995–2013). J. Zoo Wildl. Med. 47: 405–418.
11. Richman, L. K. and Hayward, G. S. 2012. Elephant herpesviruses. pp. 496–502. In: Fowler’s Zoo and Wild Animal Medicine Current Therapy Volume 7 (Miller, R. E. and Fowler, M. eds.), Elsevier Health Science, Amsterdam.
21. Wilkie, G. S., Davison, A. J., Watson, M., Kerr, K., Sanderson, S., Bouts, T., Steinbach, F. and Dastjerdi, A. 2013. Complete genome sequences of elephant endotheliotropic herpesviruses 1A and 1B determined directly from fatal cases. J. Virol. 87: 6700–6712.
1. Azab, W., Damiani, A. M., Ochs, A. and Osterrieder, N. 2018. Subclinical infection of a young captive Asian elephant with elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus 1. Arch. Virol. 163: 495–500.
19. van den Doel, P. B., Prieto, V. R., van Rossum-Fikkert, S. E., Schaftenaar, W., Latimer, E., Howard, L., Chapman, S., Masters, N., Osterhaus, A. D. M. E., Ling, P. D., Dastjerdi, A. and Martina, B. 2015. A novel antigen capture ELISA for the specific detection of IgG antibodies to elephant endotheliotropic herpes virus. BMC Vet. Res. 11: 203.
20. Whelan, J. A., Russell, N. B. and Whelan, M. A. 2003. A method for the absolute quantification of cDNA using real-time PCR. J. Immunol. Methods 278: 261–269.
12. Richman, L. K., Montali, R. J., Garber, R. L., Kennedy, M. A., Lehnhardt, J., Hildebrandt, T., Schmitt, D., Hardy, D., Alcendor, D. J. and Hayward, G. S. 1999. Novel endotheliotropic herpesviruses fatal for Asian and African elephants. Science 283: 1171–1176.
3. Fuery, A., Tan, J., Peng, R., Flanagan, J. P., Tocidlowski, M. E., Howard, L. L. and Ling, P. D. 2016. Clinical infection of two captive Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) with elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus 1B. J. Zoo Wildl. Med. 47: 319–324.
15. Sripiboon, S., Angkawanish, T., Boonprasert, K., Sombutputorn, P., Langkaphin, W., Ditcham, W. and Warren, K. 2017. Successful treatment of a clinical elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus infection: The dynamics of viral load, genotype analysis, and treatment with acyclovir. J. Zoo Wildl. Med. 48: 1254–1259.
6. Latimer, E., Zong, J. C., Heaggans, S. Y., Richman, L. K. and Hayward, G. S. 2011. Detection and evaluation of novel herpesviruses in routine and pathological samples from Asian and African elephants: identification of two new probosciviruses (EEHV5 and EEHV6) and two new gammaherpesviruses (EGHV3B and EGHV5). Vet. Microbiol. 147: 28–41.
8. Notomi, T., Okayama, H., Masubuchi, H., Yonekawa, T., Watanabe, K., Amino, N. and Hase, T. 2000. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification of DNA. Nucleic Acids Res. 28: E63.
14. Schaftenaar, W., Reid, C., Martina, B., Fickel, J. and Osterhaus, A. D. M. E. 2010. Nonfatal clinical presentation of elephant endotheliotropic herpes virus discovered in a group of captive Asian elephants (Elephas maximus). J. Zoo Wildl. Med. 41: 626–632.
16. Stanton, J. J., Cray, C., Rodriguez, M., Arheart, K. L., Ling, P. D. and Herron, A. 2013. Acute phase protein expression during elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus-1 viremia in Asian elephants (Elephas maximus). J. Zoo Wildl. Med. 44: 605–612.
17. Stanton, J. J., Zong, J. C., Eng, C., Howard, L., Flanagan, J., Stevens, M., Schmitt, D., Wiedner, E., Graham, D., Junge, R. E., Weber, M. A., Fischer, M., Mejia, A., Tan, J., Latimer, E., Herron, A., Hayward, G. S. and Ling, P. D. 2013. Kinetics of viral loads and genotypic analysis of elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus-1 infection in captive Asian elephants (Elephas maximus). J. Zoo Wildl. Med. 44: 42–54.
10. Reed, L. J. and Muench, H. 1938. A simple method of estimating fifty per cent endpoints. Am. J. Hyg. 27: 493–497.
13. Sahoo, P. R., Sethy, K., Mohapatra, S. and Panda, D. 2016. Loop mediated isothermal amplification: An innovative gene amplification technique for animal diseases. Vet. World 9: 465–469.
4. Howard, L. L. and Schaftenaar, W. 2018. Elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus. pp. 672–679. In: Miller-Fowler’s Zoo and Wild Animal Medicine Current Therapy, Volume 9 (Miller, R. E., Lamberski, N. and Calle, P. eds.), Elsevier Health Sciences, Amsterdam.
18. Taniguchi, M., Oba, M., Okazaki, S., Teshima, Y., Shiina, O., Kinjou, T., Azama, K., Shimabukuro, Y., Fukuhara, M., Nakamoto, H., Sochi, C., Kiryu, Y., Miyake, I., Fujino, M., Masatou, H., Iida, S., Shinohara, H., Oouchi, I., Takahara, K., Kimura, S., Sassa, Y., Nagai, M., Furuya, T., Kawakami, S. and Mizutani, T. 2014. Epidemiology of Elephant endotheliotropic Herpesvirus 1 in Elephants in Japanese Zoos. Jour. Jpn. Assoc. Zoo. Aqu. 55: 41–44.
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References_xml – reference: 9. Parida, M., Sannarangaiah, S., Dash, P. K., Rao, P. V. L. and Morita, K. 2008. Loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP): a new generation of innovative gene amplification technique; perspectives in clinical diagnosis of infectious diseases. Rev. Med. Virol. 18: 407–421.
– reference: 5. Kendall, R., Howard, L., Masters, N. and Grant, R. 2016. The impact of elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus on the captive Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) population of the United Kingdom and Ireland (1995–2013). J. Zoo Wildl. Med. 47: 405–418.
– reference: 8. Notomi, T., Okayama, H., Masubuchi, H., Yonekawa, T., Watanabe, K., Amino, N. and Hase, T. 2000. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification of DNA. Nucleic Acids Res. 28: E63.
– reference: 16. Stanton, J. J., Cray, C., Rodriguez, M., Arheart, K. L., Ling, P. D. and Herron, A. 2013. Acute phase protein expression during elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus-1 viremia in Asian elephants (Elephas maximus). J. Zoo Wildl. Med. 44: 605–612.
– reference: 2. Dastjerdi, A., Seilern-Moy, K., Darpel, K., Steinbach, F. and Molenaar, F. 2016. Surviving and fatal Elephant Endotheliotropic Herpesvirus-1A infections in juvenile Asian elephants - lessons learned and recommendations on anti-herpesviral therapy. BMC Vet. Res. 12: 178.
– reference: 1. Azab, W., Damiani, A. M., Ochs, A. and Osterrieder, N. 2018. Subclinical infection of a young captive Asian elephant with elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus 1. Arch. Virol. 163: 495–500.
– reference: 3. Fuery, A., Tan, J., Peng, R., Flanagan, J. P., Tocidlowski, M. E., Howard, L. L. and Ling, P. D. 2016. Clinical infection of two captive Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) with elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus 1B. J. Zoo Wildl. Med. 47: 319–324.
– reference: 6. Latimer, E., Zong, J. C., Heaggans, S. Y., Richman, L. K. and Hayward, G. S. 2011. Detection and evaluation of novel herpesviruses in routine and pathological samples from Asian and African elephants: identification of two new probosciviruses (EEHV5 and EEHV6) and two new gammaherpesviruses (EGHV3B and EGHV5). Vet. Microbiol. 147: 28–41.
– reference: 20. Whelan, J. A., Russell, N. B. and Whelan, M. A. 2003. A method for the absolute quantification of cDNA using real-time PCR. J. Immunol. Methods 278: 261–269.
– reference: 13. Sahoo, P. R., Sethy, K., Mohapatra, S. and Panda, D. 2016. Loop mediated isothermal amplification: An innovative gene amplification technique for animal diseases. Vet. World 9: 465–469.
– reference: 18. Taniguchi, M., Oba, M., Okazaki, S., Teshima, Y., Shiina, O., Kinjou, T., Azama, K., Shimabukuro, Y., Fukuhara, M., Nakamoto, H., Sochi, C., Kiryu, Y., Miyake, I., Fujino, M., Masatou, H., Iida, S., Shinohara, H., Oouchi, I., Takahara, K., Kimura, S., Sassa, Y., Nagai, M., Furuya, T., Kawakami, S. and Mizutani, T. 2014. Epidemiology of Elephant endotheliotropic Herpesvirus 1 in Elephants in Japanese Zoos. Jour. Jpn. Assoc. Zoo. Aqu. 55: 41–44.
– reference: 4. Howard, L. L. and Schaftenaar, W. 2018. Elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus. pp. 672–679. In: Miller-Fowler’s Zoo and Wild Animal Medicine Current Therapy, Volume 9 (Miller, R. E., Lamberski, N. and Calle, P. eds.), Elsevier Health Sciences, Amsterdam.
– reference: 7. Long, S. Y., Latimer, E. M. and Hayward, G. S. 2016. Review of elephant endotheliotropic herpesviruses and acute hemorrhagic disease. ILAR J. 56: 283–296.
– reference: 17. Stanton, J. J., Zong, J. C., Eng, C., Howard, L., Flanagan, J., Stevens, M., Schmitt, D., Wiedner, E., Graham, D., Junge, R. E., Weber, M. A., Fischer, M., Mejia, A., Tan, J., Latimer, E., Herron, A., Hayward, G. S. and Ling, P. D. 2013. Kinetics of viral loads and genotypic analysis of elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus-1 infection in captive Asian elephants (Elephas maximus). J. Zoo Wildl. Med. 44: 42–54.
– reference: 10. Reed, L. J. and Muench, H. 1938. A simple method of estimating fifty per cent endpoints. Am. J. Hyg. 27: 493–497.
– reference: 11. Richman, L. K. and Hayward, G. S. 2012. Elephant herpesviruses. pp. 496–502. In: Fowler’s Zoo and Wild Animal Medicine Current Therapy Volume 7 (Miller, R. E. and Fowler, M. eds.), Elsevier Health Science, Amsterdam.
– reference: 21. Wilkie, G. S., Davison, A. J., Watson, M., Kerr, K., Sanderson, S., Bouts, T., Steinbach, F. and Dastjerdi, A. 2013. Complete genome sequences of elephant endotheliotropic herpesviruses 1A and 1B determined directly from fatal cases. J. Virol. 87: 6700–6712.
– reference: 12. Richman, L. K., Montali, R. J., Garber, R. L., Kennedy, M. A., Lehnhardt, J., Hildebrandt, T., Schmitt, D., Hardy, D., Alcendor, D. J. and Hayward, G. S. 1999. Novel endotheliotropic herpesviruses fatal for Asian and African elephants. Science 283: 1171–1176.
– reference: 19. van den Doel, P. B., Prieto, V. R., van Rossum-Fikkert, S. E., Schaftenaar, W., Latimer, E., Howard, L., Chapman, S., Masters, N., Osterhaus, A. D. M. E., Ling, P. D., Dastjerdi, A. and Martina, B. 2015. A novel antigen capture ELISA for the specific detection of IgG antibodies to elephant endotheliotropic herpes virus. BMC Vet. Res. 11: 203.
– reference: 14. Schaftenaar, W., Reid, C., Martina, B., Fickel, J. and Osterhaus, A. D. M. E. 2010. Nonfatal clinical presentation of elephant endotheliotropic herpes virus discovered in a group of captive Asian elephants (Elephas maximus). J. Zoo Wildl. Med. 41: 626–632.
– reference: 15. Sripiboon, S., Angkawanish, T., Boonprasert, K., Sombutputorn, P., Langkaphin, W., Ditcham, W. and Warren, K. 2017. Successful treatment of a clinical elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus infection: The dynamics of viral load, genotype analysis, and treatment with acyclovir. J. Zoo Wildl. Med. 48: 1254–1259.
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Snippet Elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus type 1 (EEHV1) is the most important causative agent of an acute fatal hemorrhagic disease in Asian elephants (Elephas...
Elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus type 1 (EEHV1) is the most important causative agent of an acute fatal hemorrhagic disease in Asian elephants ( Elephas...
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SubjectTerms acute hemorrhagic disease
Animals
Asian elephants (Elephas maximus)
DNA Primers
DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase - genetics
elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus (EEHV)
Elephants - blood
Elephants - virology
Female
Hemorrhage
Hemorrhagic disease
Herpesviridae - classification
Herpesviridae - enzymology
Herpesviridae - genetics
Herpesviridae - isolation & purification
Herpesviridae Infections - diagnosis
Herpesviridae Infections - veterinary
Herpesviridae Infections - virology
loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP)
Male
Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques - methods
Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques - veterinary
Plasmids
polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
Polymerase Chain Reaction - veterinary
Sensitivity and Specificity
Time Factors
Wildlife Science
Title Rapid and sensitive detection of elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus 1 (EEHV1) in blood by loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP)
URI https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jvms/81/3/81_18-0683/_article/-char/en
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30700652
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2239621765
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2179451137
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC6451909
Volume 81
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