The effects of backrest thickness on the shoulder muscle load during wheelchair propulsion
[Purpose] This study investigated the optimal thickness of the wheelchair backrest for lumbar load and increased comfort. [Subjects] Fifteen healthy people participated. [Methods] The study examined three randomized backrest conditions: no pad; a 3-cm-thick lumbar pad; and a 6-cm-thick lumbar pad. T...
Saved in:
| Published in | Journal of Physical Therapy Science Vol. 27; no. 6; pp. 1767 - 1769 |
|---|---|
| Main Author | |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Japan
The Society of Physical Therapy Science
2015
|
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0915-5287 2187-5626 |
| DOI | 10.1589/jpts.27.1767 |
Cover
| Abstract | [Purpose] This study investigated the optimal thickness of the wheelchair backrest for lumbar load and increased comfort. [Subjects] Fifteen healthy people participated. [Methods] The study examined three randomized backrest conditions: no pad; a 3-cm-thick lumbar pad; and a 6-cm-thick lumbar pad. The location of the lumbar pad was standardized at the mid-lumbar level (L3). Participants were instructed to propel the wheelchair using only the handrims. [Results] Activation of the anterior deltoid, upper trapezius, and biceps brachii muscles was significantly reduced when the participants used the 3-cm pad compared to no pad, while it was significantly increased in the anterior deltoid, upper trapezius, posterior deltoid, and biceps brachii when the participants used the 6-cm pad compared to the 3-cm pad. Muscle activation did not differ significantly between the no pad and the 6-cm lumbar pad conditions. [Conclusion] A lumbar pad decreased the activation of the upper extremity muscles. We believe that padding of the appropriate thickness will lead to effective muscle activation while propelling a wheelchair and decrease the risk of musculoskeletal disease. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | [Abstract.] [Purpose] This study investigated the optimal thickness of the wheelchair backrest for lumbar load and increased comfort. [Subjects] Fifteen healthy people participated. [Methods] The study examined three randomized backrest conditions: no pad; a 3-cm-thick lumbar pad; and a 6-cm-thick lumbar pad. The location of the lumbar pad was standardized at the mid-lumbar level (L3). Participants were instructed to propel the wheelchair using only the handrims. [Results] Activation of the anterior deltoid, upper trapezius, and biceps brachii muscles was significantly reduced when the participants used the 3-cm pad compared to no pad, while it was significantly increased in the anterior deltoid, upper trapezius, posterior deltoid, and biceps brachii when the participants used the 6-cm pad compared to the 3-cm pad. Muscle activation did not differ significantly between the no pad and the 6-cm lumbar pad conditions. [Conclusion] A lumbar pad decreased the activation of the upper extremity muscles. We believe that padding of the appropriate thickness will lead to effective muscle activation while propelling a wheelchair and decrease the risk of musculoskeletal disease. [Purpose] This study investigated the optimal thickness of the wheelchair backrest for lumbar load and increased comfort. [Subjects] Fifteen healthy people participated. [Methods] The study examined three randomized backrest conditions: no pad; a 3-cm-thick lumbar pad; and a 6-cm-thick lumbar pad. The location of the lumbar pad was standardized at the mid-lumbar level (L3). Participants were instructed to propel the wheelchair using only the handrims. [Results] Activation of the anterior deltoid, upper trapezius, and biceps brachii muscles was significantly reduced when the participants used the 3-cm pad compared to no pad, while it was significantly increased in the anterior deltoid, upper trapezius, posterior deltoid, and biceps brachii when the participants used the 6-cm pad compared to the 3-cm pad. Muscle activation did not differ significantly between the no pad and the 6-cm lumbar pad conditions. [Conclusion] A lumbar pad decreased the activation of the upper extremity muscles. We believe that padding of the appropriate thickness will lead to effective muscle activation while propelling a wheelchair and decrease the risk of musculoskeletal disease. [Purpose] This study investigated the optimal thickness of the wheelchair backrest for lumbar load and increased comfort. [Subjects] Fifteen healthy people participated. [Methods] The study examined three randomized backrest conditions: no pad; a 3-cm-thick lumbar pad; and a 6-cm-thick lumbar pad. The location of the lumbar pad was standardized at the mid-lumbar level (L3). Participants were instructed to propel the wheelchair using only the handrims. [Results] Activation of the anterior deltoid, upper trapezius, and biceps brachii muscles was significantly reduced when the participants used the 3-cm pad compared to no pad, while it was significantly increased in the anterior deltoid, upper trapezius, posterior deltoid, and biceps brachii when the participants used the 6-cm pad compared to the 3-cm pad. Muscle activation did not differ significantly between the no pad and the 6-cm lumbar pad conditions. [Conclusion] A lumbar pad decreased the activation of the upper extremity muscles. We believe that padding of the appropriate thickness will lead to effective muscle activation while propelling a wheelchair and decrease the risk of musculoskeletal disease. Purpose: This study investigated the optimal thickness of the wheelchair backrest for lumbar load and increased comfort. Subjects: Fifteen healthy people participated. Methods: The study examined three randomized backrest conditions: no pad; a 3-cm-thick lumbar pad; and a 6-cm-thick lumbar pad. The location of the lumbar pad was standardized at the mid-lumbar level (L3). Participants were instructed to propel the wheelchair using only the handrims. Results: Activation of the anterior deltoid, upper trapezius, and biceps brachii muscles was significantly reduced when the participants used the 3-cm pad compared to no pad, while it was significantly increased in the anterior deltoid, upper trapezius, posterior deltoid, and biceps brachii when the participants used the 6-cm pad compared to the 3-cm pad. Muscle activation did not differ significantly between the no pad and the 6-cm lumbar pad conditions. Conclusion: A lumbar pad decreased the activation of the upper extremity muscles. We believe that padding of the appropriate thickness will lead to effective muscle activation while propelling a wheelchair and decrease the risk of musculoskeletal disease. |
| Author | Yoo, Ingyu |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 fullname: Yoo, Ingyu organization: Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medical Sciences, Jeonju University: Hyoja-dong 3-ga, Wansan-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 560-759, Republic of Korea |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26180316$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
| BookMark | eNqFUk1v1DAUtFAR3RZunFGOHNjFH4k_LkioghapEpdy4WI5zsvGqdde7KSIf4_TbVcFCXGxZXtm3vjNO0MnIQZA6DXBG9JI9X7cT3lDxYYILp6hFSVSrBtO-QlaYUWadUOlOEVnOY8YU4Fr-QKdUk4kZoSv0PebASroe7BTrmJftcbeJshTNQ3O3gbI5TaUA1R5iLPvIFW7OVsPlY-mq7o5ubCtfg4A3g7GpWqf4n722cXwEj3vjc_w6mE_R98-f7q5uFpff738cvHxem0FE9O6rmkrFO2JVR01knNiakZrKUTf9QqDEq3pOyUAZMNZ0xneMoFZjXFdK8w6do4-HHT3c7uDzkKYkvF6n9zOpF86Gqf_fAlu0Nt4pwtfKaGKwNsHgRR_zOXzeueyBe9NgDhnTQRusGRMyf9DuRKUlPbyAn3z1NbRz2PvC4AeADbFnBP02rrJTKVzxaXzmmC9BKyXgDUVegm4kN79RXrU_Qf88gAvDpw1PgbvAugxzimUTLQ1cjwQMGn0_YBwjRm-Zy-LKkkQQZcmXR2UxjyZLRzLmjS5Mg7HsnxZnkjW9AgpA5I0BPYbrfjZzg |
| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1080_10400435_2019_1595789 crossref_primary_10_1080_17483107_2022_2075476 crossref_primary_10_1007_s40141_018_0195_8 crossref_primary_10_46292_sci2602_100 crossref_primary_10_1589_jpts_28_1493 |
| Cites_doi | 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2006.04.010 10.1589/jpts.24.495 10.1682/JRRD.2003.01.0008 10.1109/TNSRE.2013.2266136 10.1097/01.BRS.0000068243.63203.A8 10.1016/j.apmr.2003.08.090 10.1038/sc.2008.72 10.1016/S1350-4533(01)00083-2 10.2106/JBJS.H.01373 10.1016/j.apergo.2006.11.001 10.1589/jpts.24.51 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | 2015 by the Society of Physical Therapy Science. Published by IPEC Inc. 2015©by the Society of Physical Therapy Science. Published by IPEC Inc. 2015 |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: 2015 by the Society of Physical Therapy Science. Published by IPEC Inc. – notice: 2015©by the Society of Physical Therapy Science. Published by IPEC Inc. 2015 |
| CorporateAuthor | Department of Occupational Therapy College of Medical Sciences Jeonju University |
| CorporateAuthor_xml | – name: College of Medical Sciences – name: Jeonju University – name: Department of Occupational Therapy |
| DBID | AAYXX CITATION NPM 7X8 7TS 5PM |
| DOI | 10.1589/jpts.27.1767 |
| DatabaseName | CrossRef PubMed MEDLINE - Academic Physical Education Index PubMed Central (Full Participant titles) |
| DatabaseTitle | CrossRef PubMed MEDLINE - Academic Physical Education Index |
| DatabaseTitleList | PubMed MEDLINE - Academic Physical Education Index |
| Database_xml | – sequence: 1 dbid: NPM name: PubMed url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed sourceTypes: Index Database |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Physical Therapy |
| EISSN | 2187-5626 |
| EndPage | 1769 |
| ExternalDocumentID | PMC4499979 26180316 10_1589_jpts_27_1767 ca8jjpts_2015_002706_030_1767_17692481729 article_jpts_27_6_27_jpts_2015_042_article_char_en |
| Genre | Journal Article |
| GroupedDBID | .55 07C 29L 2WC 53G 5GY AAEJM AAWTL ACGFO ADBBV ADRAZ AENEX AIAGR AJJEV ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS AOIJS BAWUL BKOMP BMSDO CS3 DIK DU5 E3Z EBS EJD FRP GX1 HYE JMI JSF JSH KQ8 M48 MOJWN OK1 OVT P2P PGMZT RJT RNS RPM RZJ TKC TR2 W2D X7M XSB AAYXX CITATION NPM 7X8 7TS 5PM |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c737t-442b792f1c9d2a8661a4324877fdf90e97bafd97ee85635da6b370340044903d3 |
| IEDL.DBID | M48 |
| ISSN | 0915-5287 |
| IngestDate | Thu Aug 21 13:57:31 EDT 2025 Fri Jul 11 15:49:56 EDT 2025 Fri Jul 11 12:10:35 EDT 2025 Tue Jul 15 03:06:21 EDT 2025 Tue Jul 01 04:12:03 EDT 2025 Thu Apr 24 23:13:39 EDT 2025 Thu Jul 10 16:18:00 EDT 2025 Wed Sep 03 06:29:56 EDT 2025 |
| IsDoiOpenAccess | true |
| IsOpenAccess | true |
| IsPeerReviewed | false |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Issue | 6 |
| Keywords | Lumbar pad Electromyography Wheelchair |
| Language | English |
| License | https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives (by-nc-nd) License. |
| LinkModel | DirectLink |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c737t-442b792f1c9d2a8661a4324877fdf90e97bafd97ee85635da6b370340044903d3 |
| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 |
| OpenAccessLink | http://journals.scholarsportal.info/openUrl.xqy?doi=10.1589/jpts.27.1767 |
| PMID | 26180316 |
| PQID | 1697212616 |
| PQPubID | 23479 |
| PageCount | 3 |
| ParticipantIDs | pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_4499979 proquest_miscellaneous_1705083398 proquest_miscellaneous_1697212616 pubmed_primary_26180316 crossref_citationtrail_10_1589_jpts_27_1767 crossref_primary_10_1589_jpts_27_1767 medicalonline_journals_ca8jjpts_2015_002706_030_1767_17692481729 jstage_primary_article_jpts_27_6_27_jpts_2015_042_article_char_en |
| ProviderPackageCode | CITATION AAYXX |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | 20150000 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2015-01-01 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – year: 2015 text: 20150000 |
| PublicationDecade | 2010 |
| PublicationPlace | Japan |
| PublicationPlace_xml | – name: Japan |
| PublicationTitle | Journal of Physical Therapy Science |
| PublicationTitleAlternate | Journal of Physical Therapy Science |
| PublicationYear | 2015 |
| Publisher | The Society of Physical Therapy Science |
| Publisher_xml | – name: The Society of Physical Therapy Science |
| References | 2) Kotajarvi BR, Sabick MB, An KN, et al.: The effect of seat position on wheelchair propulsion biomechanics. J Rehabil Res Dev, 2004, 41: 403–414. 10) van der Woude LH, Veeger HE, Dallmeijer AJ, et al.: Biomechanics and physiology in active manual wheelchair propulsion. Med Eng Phys, 2001, 23: 713–733. 4) Qi L, Wakeling J, Grange S, et al.: Patterns of shoulder muscle coordination vary between wheelchair propulsion techniques. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng, 2014, 22: 559–566. 9) Chaffin DB, Andersson GB, Martin BJ: Occupational Biomechanics, 4th ed. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 2006. 5) Makhsous M, Lin F, Hendrix RW, et al.: Sitting with adjustable ischial and back supports: biomechanical changes. Spine, 2003, 28: 1113–1121, discussion 1121–1122. 11) Mulroy SJ, Farrokhi S, Newsam CJ, et al.: Effects of spinal cord injury level on the activity of shoulder muscles during wheelchair propulsion: an electromyographic study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 2004, 85: 925–934. 8) Akbar M, Balean G, Brunner M, et al.: Prevalence of rotator cuff tear in paraplegic patients compared with controls. J Bone Joint Surg Am, 2010, 92: 23–30. 1) Mercer JL, Boninger M, Koontz A, et al.: Shoulder joint kinetics and pathology in manual wheelchair users. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon), 2006, 21: 781–789. 7) Huang YD, Wang S, Wang T, et al.: Effects of backrest density on lumbar load and comfort during seated work. Chin Med J (Engl), 2012, 125: 3505–3508. 12) Lee SY, Kim SC, Lee MH: Effect of wheelchair seat height on shoulder and forearm muscle activities during wheelchair propulsion on a ramp. J Phys Ther Sci, 2012, 24: 495–497. 13) Lee SY, Kim SC, Lee MH, et al.: Effect of the height of a wheelchair on the shoulder and forearm muscular activation during wheelchair propulsion. J Phys Ther Sci, 2012, 24: 51–53. 3) Yang YS, Chang GL, Hsu MJ, et al.: Remote monitoring of sitting behaviors for community-dwelling manual wheelchair users with spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord, 2009, 47: 67–71. 6) Carcone SM, Keir PJ: Effects of backrest design on biomechanics and comfort during seated work. Appl Ergon, 2007, 38: 755–764. 11 12 13 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 (3) 2009; 47 10 17275776 - Appl Ergon. 2007 Nov;38(6):755-64 12782977 - Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2003 Jun 1;28(11):1113-21; discussion 1121-2 23044314 - Chin Med J (Engl). 2012 Oct;125(19):3505-8 23797282 - IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng. 2014 May;22(3):559-66 16808992 - Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). 2006 Oct;21(8):781-9 15543458 - J Rehabil Res Dev. 2004 May;41(3B):403-14 18560373 - Spinal Cord. 2009 Jan;47(1):67-71 20048092 - J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2010 Jan;92 (1):23-30 11801413 - Med Eng Phys. 2001 Dec;23(10):713-33 15179646 - Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2004 Jun;85(6):925-34 |
| References_xml | – reference: 9) Chaffin DB, Andersson GB, Martin BJ: Occupational Biomechanics, 4th ed. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 2006. – reference: 5) Makhsous M, Lin F, Hendrix RW, et al.: Sitting with adjustable ischial and back supports: biomechanical changes. Spine, 2003, 28: 1113–1121, discussion 1121–1122. – reference: 12) Lee SY, Kim SC, Lee MH: Effect of wheelchair seat height on shoulder and forearm muscle activities during wheelchair propulsion on a ramp. J Phys Ther Sci, 2012, 24: 495–497. – reference: 3) Yang YS, Chang GL, Hsu MJ, et al.: Remote monitoring of sitting behaviors for community-dwelling manual wheelchair users with spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord, 2009, 47: 67–71. – reference: 2) Kotajarvi BR, Sabick MB, An KN, et al.: The effect of seat position on wheelchair propulsion biomechanics. J Rehabil Res Dev, 2004, 41: 403–414. – reference: 10) van der Woude LH, Veeger HE, Dallmeijer AJ, et al.: Biomechanics and physiology in active manual wheelchair propulsion. Med Eng Phys, 2001, 23: 713–733. – reference: 13) Lee SY, Kim SC, Lee MH, et al.: Effect of the height of a wheelchair on the shoulder and forearm muscular activation during wheelchair propulsion. J Phys Ther Sci, 2012, 24: 51–53. – reference: 8) Akbar M, Balean G, Brunner M, et al.: Prevalence of rotator cuff tear in paraplegic patients compared with controls. J Bone Joint Surg Am, 2010, 92: 23–30. – reference: 11) Mulroy SJ, Farrokhi S, Newsam CJ, et al.: Effects of spinal cord injury level on the activity of shoulder muscles during wheelchair propulsion: an electromyographic study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 2004, 85: 925–934. – reference: 4) Qi L, Wakeling J, Grange S, et al.: Patterns of shoulder muscle coordination vary between wheelchair propulsion techniques. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng, 2014, 22: 559–566. – reference: 1) Mercer JL, Boninger M, Koontz A, et al.: Shoulder joint kinetics and pathology in manual wheelchair users. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon), 2006, 21: 781–789. – reference: 7) Huang YD, Wang S, Wang T, et al.: Effects of backrest density on lumbar load and comfort during seated work. Chin Med J (Engl), 2012, 125: 3505–3508. – reference: 6) Carcone SM, Keir PJ: Effects of backrest design on biomechanics and comfort during seated work. Appl Ergon, 2007, 38: 755–764. – ident: 1 doi: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2006.04.010 – ident: 12 doi: 10.1589/jpts.24.495 – ident: 2 doi: 10.1682/JRRD.2003.01.0008 – ident: 4 doi: 10.1109/TNSRE.2013.2266136 – ident: 5 doi: 10.1097/01.BRS.0000068243.63203.A8 – ident: 11 doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2003.08.090 – ident: 9 – volume: 47 start-page: 67 issn: 1362-4393 year: 2009 ident: 3 publication-title: Spinal Cord doi: 10.1038/sc.2008.72 – ident: 7 – ident: 10 doi: 10.1016/S1350-4533(01)00083-2 – ident: 8 doi: 10.2106/JBJS.H.01373 – ident: 6 doi: 10.1016/j.apergo.2006.11.001 – ident: 13 doi: 10.1589/jpts.24.51 – reference: 23044314 - Chin Med J (Engl). 2012 Oct;125(19):3505-8 – reference: 11801413 - Med Eng Phys. 2001 Dec;23(10):713-33 – reference: 17275776 - Appl Ergon. 2007 Nov;38(6):755-64 – reference: 16808992 - Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). 2006 Oct;21(8):781-9 – reference: 23797282 - IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng. 2014 May;22(3):559-66 – reference: 20048092 - J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2010 Jan;92 (1):23-30 – reference: 15179646 - Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2004 Jun;85(6):925-34 – reference: 18560373 - Spinal Cord. 2009 Jan;47(1):67-71 – reference: 12782977 - Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2003 Jun 1;28(11):1113-21; discussion 1121-2 – reference: 15543458 - J Rehabil Res Dev. 2004 May;41(3B):403-14 |
| SSID | ssj0027048 |
| Score | 1.9735489 |
| Snippet | [Purpose] This study investigated the optimal thickness of the wheelchair backrest for lumbar load and increased comfort. [Subjects] Fifteen healthy people... [Abstract.] [Purpose] This study investigated the optimal thickness of the wheelchair backrest for lumbar load and increased comfort. [Subjects] Fifteen... Purpose: This study investigated the optimal thickness of the wheelchair backrest for lumbar load and increased comfort. Subjects: Fifteen healthy people... [Purpose] This study investigated the optimal thickness of the wheelchair backrest for lumbar load and increased comfort. [Subjects] Fifteen healthy people... |
| SourceID | pubmedcentral proquest pubmed crossref medicalonline jstage |
| SourceType | Open Access Repository Aggregation Database Index Database Enrichment Source Publisher |
| StartPage | 1767 |
| SubjectTerms | Electromyography Lumbar pad Original Wheelchair |
| Title | The effects of backrest thickness on the shoulder muscle load during wheelchair propulsion |
| URI | https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jpts/27/6/27_jpts-2015-042/_article/-char/en http://mol.medicalonline.jp/en/journal/download?GoodsID=ca8jjpts/2015/002706/030&name=1767-1769e https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26180316 https://www.proquest.com/docview/1697212616 https://www.proquest.com/docview/1705083398 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC4499979 |
| Volume | 27 |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| ispartofPNX | Journal of Physical Therapy Science, 2015, Vol.27(6), pp.1767-1769 |
| link | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwjV1Jb9NAFH5qCwckxL6YpRokOKEEL5NZDggqRKmQijg0UsRlNLZnlKapHeJEwL_nPY9jmqogLpYtv7Flv_WzZ94H8JIXaLU55wOfobtxkWEclJkeOJdw5xOsuC0tFD7-Io7G_PNkNNmBDdto9wKbK6Ed8UmNl_Phz--_3qHDv23Ze5R-M1usmmEqh4kUcheuYU4SBMOOufoDveKWRwuT4wihl5LdFPjLo7eS0_UZ1me08P7mefhnEnpXXFWKXp5ReSFFHd6BW11tyQ6CMdyFHVfdg9tfO02wk9BA4D58wz3WTeRgtWe5Lc6IooPR3Pczin2srvDAsWZKDNhuyc7XDV6SzWtbsrCykf2YOjcvpvZ0yRYtDRh9d3sA48OPJx-OBh3HwqCQmVwNOE9zqVOfFLpMrcJsbalHn5LSl17HTsvc-lJL59QIa5PSijzDIEGez3WcldlD2Kvqyj0Gxss458KWiGhSTHnaIv4t49R6JX0aZz6C15uXa4quATnxYMwNARFUhSFVmFQaUkUEr3rpRWi88Re5g6CnXqpzuV5K0CYcYO1jMEr1IrSyDcNDBO-3VGw2ZmgKq2YXhpIhCYNxsb01bRC-KqwBdQQvNlZh0EHpr4utXL1uTCKoQRICVfEPGRlTW_5MqwgeBUvqHwdHKoy8OFpu2VgvQA3Ct89Up9O2UTgnOCv1k_-471O4QY8YPi49g73Vcu2eY7m1yvdh99Mk2W_96TdoeCvw |
| linkProvider | Scholars Portal |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+effects+of+backrest+thickness+on+the+shoulder+muscle+load+during+wheelchair+propulsion&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+physical+therapy+science&rft.au=Yoo%2C+Ingyu&rft.date=2015&rft.issn=0915-5287&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1767&rft.epage=1769&rft_id=info:doi/10.1589%2Fjpts.27.1767&rft.externalDBID=NO_FULL_TEXT |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=0915-5287&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=0915-5287&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=0915-5287&client=summon |