Transmission of influenza A viruses

Influenza A viruses cause respiratory infections that range from asymptomatic to deadly in humans. Widespread outbreaks (pandemics) are attributable to ‘novel’ viruses that possess a viral hemagglutinin (HA) gene to which humans lack immunity. After a pandemic, these novel viruses form stable virus...

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Published inVirology (New York, N.Y.) Vol. 479-480; pp. 234 - 246
Main Authors Neumann, Gabriele, Kawaoka, Yoshihiro
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States Elsevier Inc 01.05.2015
Subjects
Animals
Gain-of-function
genes
Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus - genetics
Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus - metabolism
hemagglutinins
Host-Pathogen Interactions
hosts
Humans
immunity
Infectious Disease
Influenza A virus
Influenza A virus - enzymology
Influenza A virus - genetics
Influenza A virus - growth & development
Influenza virus
Influenza, Human - transmission
Influenza, Human - virology
Orthomyxoviridae Infections - transmission
Orthomyxoviridae Infections - veterinary
Orthomyxoviridae Infections - virology
pandemic
PB2
Receptor-binding
respiratory tract diseases
RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase - genetics
RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase - metabolism
Transmission
Viral Proteins - genetics
Viral Proteins - metabolism
Virus lineage
virus transmission
viruses
Zoonoses - transmission
Zoonoses - virology
Virus lineage
PB2
NA
Influenza virus
Transmission
Receptor-binding
HA
Gain-of-function
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Abstract Influenza A viruses cause respiratory infections that range from asymptomatic to deadly in humans. Widespread outbreaks (pandemics) are attributable to ‘novel’ viruses that possess a viral hemagglutinin (HA) gene to which humans lack immunity. After a pandemic, these novel viruses form stable virus lineages in humans and circulate until they are replaced by other novel viruses. The factors and mechanisms that facilitate virus transmission among hosts and the establishment of novel lineages are not completely understood, but the HA and basic polymerase 2 (PB2) proteins are thought to play essential roles in these processes by enabling avian influenza viruses to infect mammals and replicate efficiently in their new host. Here, we summarize our current knowledge of the contributions of HA, PB2, and other viral components to virus transmission and the formation of new virus lineages. •HA receptor-binding specificity is important for virus transmissibility.•The polymerase complex is also important for virus transmissibility.•Avian influenza viruses may acquire the ability to transmit among mammals.
AbstractList Influenza A viruses cause respiratory infections that range from asymptomatic to deadly in humans. Widespread outbreaks (pandemics) are attributable to 'novel' viruses that possess a viral hemagglutinin (HA) gene to which humans lack immunity. After a pandemic, these novel viruses form stable virus lineages in humans and circulate until they are replaced by other novel viruses. The factors and mechanisms that facilitate virus transmission among hosts and the establishment of novel lineages are not completely understood, but the HA and basic polymerase 2 (PB2) proteins are thought to play essential roles in these processes by enabling avian influenza viruses to infect mammals and replicate efficiently in their new host. Here, we summarize our current knowledge of the contributions of HA, PB2, and other viral components to virus transmission and the formation of new virus lineages.
Influenza A viruses cause respiratory infections that range from asymptomatic to deadly in humans. Widespread outbreaks (pandemics) are attributable to 'novel' viruses that possess a viral hemagglutinin (HA) gene to which humans lack immunity. After a pandemic, these novel viruses form stable virus lineages in humans and circulate until they are replaced by other novel viruses. The factors and mechanisms that facilitate virus transmission among hosts and the establishment of novel lineages are not completely understood, but the HA and basic polymerase 2 (PB2) proteins are thought to play essential roles in these processes by enabling avian influenza viruses to infect mammals and replicate efficiently in their new host. Here, we summarize our current knowledge of the contributions of HA, PB2, and other viral components to virus transmission and the formation of new virus lineages.Influenza A viruses cause respiratory infections that range from asymptomatic to deadly in humans. Widespread outbreaks (pandemics) are attributable to 'novel' viruses that possess a viral hemagglutinin (HA) gene to which humans lack immunity. After a pandemic, these novel viruses form stable virus lineages in humans and circulate until they are replaced by other novel viruses. The factors and mechanisms that facilitate virus transmission among hosts and the establishment of novel lineages are not completely understood, but the HA and basic polymerase 2 (PB2) proteins are thought to play essential roles in these processes by enabling avian influenza viruses to infect mammals and replicate efficiently in their new host. Here, we summarize our current knowledge of the contributions of HA, PB2, and other viral components to virus transmission and the formation of new virus lineages.
Influenza A viruses cause respiratory infections that range from asymptomatic to deadly in humans. Widespread outbreaks (pandemics) are attributable to ‘novel’ viruses that possess a viral hemagglutinin (HA) gene to which humans lack immunity. After a pandemic, these novel viruses form stable virus lineages in humans and circulate until they are replaced by other novel viruses. The factors and mechanisms that facilitate virus transmission among hosts and the establishment of novel lineages are not completely understood, but the HA and basic polymerase 2 (PB2) proteins are thought to play essential roles in these processes by enabling avian influenza viruses to infect mammals and replicate efficiently in their new host. Here, we summarize our current knowledge of the contributions of HA, PB2, and other viral components to virus transmission and the formation of new virus lineages. •HA receptor-binding specificity is important for virus transmissibility.•The polymerase complex is also important for virus transmissibility.•Avian influenza viruses may acquire the ability to transmit among mammals.
AbstractInfluenza A viruses cause respiratory infections that range from asymptomatic to deadly in humans. Widespread outbreaks (pandemics) are attributable to ‘novel’ viruses that possess a viral hemagglutinin (HA) gene to which humans lack immunity. After a pandemic, these novel viruses form stable virus lineages in humans and circulate until they are replaced by other novel viruses. The factors and mechanisms that facilitate virus transmission among hosts and the establishment of novel lineages are not completely understood, but the HA and basic polymerase 2 (PB2) proteins are thought to play essential roles in these processes by enabling avian influenza viruses to infect mammals and replicate efficiently in their new host. Here, we summarize our current knowledge of the contributions of HA, PB2, and other viral components to virus transmission and the formation of new virus lineages.
Author Neumann, Gabriele
Kawaoka, Yoshihiro
AuthorAffiliation b Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology and International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
a Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 575 Science Drive, Madison, WI 53711, USA
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: a Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 575 Science Drive, Madison, WI 53711, USA
– name: b Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology and International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
Author_xml – sequence: 1
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  surname: Neumann
  fullname: Neumann, Gabriele
  organization: Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 575 Science Drive, Madison, WI 53711, USA
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Yoshihiro
  surname: Kawaoka
  fullname: Kawaoka, Yoshihiro
  email: kawaokay@svm.vetmed.wisc.edu
  organization: Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 575 Science Drive, Madison, WI 53711, USA
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25812763$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Keywords Virus lineage
PB2
NA
Influenza virus
Transmission
Receptor-binding
HA
Gain-of-function
Language English
License http://www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0
Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Snippet Influenza A viruses cause respiratory infections that range from asymptomatic to deadly in humans. Widespread outbreaks (pandemics) are attributable to ‘novel’...
AbstractInfluenza A viruses cause respiratory infections that range from asymptomatic to deadly in humans. Widespread outbreaks (pandemics) are attributable to...
Influenza A viruses cause respiratory infections that range from asymptomatic to deadly in humans. Widespread outbreaks (pandemics) are attributable to 'novel'...
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SubjectTerms Animals
Gain-of-function
genes
Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus - genetics
Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus - metabolism
hemagglutinins
Host-Pathogen Interactions
hosts
Humans
immunity
Infectious Disease
Influenza A virus
Influenza A virus - enzymology
Influenza A virus - genetics
Influenza A virus - growth & development
Influenza virus
Influenza, Human - transmission
Influenza, Human - virology
Orthomyxoviridae Infections - transmission
Orthomyxoviridae Infections - veterinary
Orthomyxoviridae Infections - virology
pandemic
PB2
Receptor-binding
respiratory tract diseases
RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase - genetics
RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase - metabolism
Transmission
Viral Proteins - genetics
Viral Proteins - metabolism
Virus lineage
virus transmission
viruses
Zoonoses - transmission
Zoonoses - virology
Title Transmission of influenza A viruses
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https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2015.03.009
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25812763
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https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC4424116
Volume 479-480
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