Ecological and evolutionary processes at expanding range margins
Many animals are regarded as relatively sedentary and specialized in marginal parts of their geographical distributions 1 , 2 . They are expected to be slow at colonizing new habitats. Despite this, the cool margins of many species’ distributions have expanded rapidly in association with recent clim...
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| Published in | Nature (London) Vol. 411; no. 6837; pp. 577 - 581 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
London
Nature Publishing Group UK
31.05.2001
Nature Publishing Nature Publishing Group |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0028-0836 1476-4687 |
| DOI | 10.1038/35079066 |
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| Abstract | Many animals are regarded as relatively sedentary and specialized in marginal parts of their geographical distributions
1
,
2
. They are expected to be slow at colonizing new habitats. Despite this, the cool margins of many species’ distributions have expanded rapidly in association with recent climate warming
3
,
4
,
5
,
6
,
7
,
8
,
9
,
10
. We examined four insect species that have expanded their geographical ranges in Britain over the past 20 years. Here we report that two butterfly species have increased the variety of habitat types that they can colonize, and that two bush cricket species show increased fractions of longer-winged (dispersive) individuals in recently founded populations. Both ecological and evolutionary processes are probably responsible for these changes. Increased habitat breadth and dispersal tendencies have resulted in about 3- to 15-fold increases in expansion rates, allowing these insects to cross habitat disjunctions that would have represented major or complete barriers to dispersal before the expansions started. The emergence of dispersive phenotypes will increase the speed at which species invade new environments, and probably underlies the responses of many species to both past
11
and future climate change. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Many animal species have shown a rapid extension of the cool margin of their geographical distribution in association with recent climate warming. Four insect species were studied whose ranges in the UK have expanded over the past 20 yr. Two butterfly species (Hesperia comma and Aricia agestis) have increased the variety of habitat types they can colonize, and two bush cricket species (Metrioptera roeselii and Conocephalus discolor) show increased proportions of longer-winged (dispersive) individuals in recently founded populations. These changes probably reflect both ecological and evolutionary processes. Expansion rates have increased about 3- to 15-fold due to the increased habitat breadth and dispersal tendencies, which have allowed the insects to cross habitat disjunctions that previously represented dispersal barriers. The responses of many species to climate change probably involve an emergence of dispersive phenotypes that can more quickly invade new environments. Many animals are regarded as relatively sedentary and specialized in marginal parts of their geographical distributions. They are expected to be slow at colonizing new habitats. Despite this, the cool margins of many species' distributions have expanded rapidly in association with recent climate warming. We examined four insect species that have expanded their geographical ranges in Britain over the past 20 years. Here we report that two butterfly species have increased the variety of habitat types that they can colonize, and that two bush cricket species show increased fractions of longer-winged (dispersive) individuals in recently founded populations. Both ecological and evolutionary processes are probably responsible for these changes. Increased habitat breadth and dispersal tendencies have resulted in about 3- to 15-fold increases in expansion rates, allowing these insects to cross habitat disjunctions that would have represented major or complete barriers to dispersal before the expansions started. The emergence of dispersive phenotypes will increase the speed at which species invade new environments, and probably underlies the responses of many species to both past and future climate change. Many animals are regarded as relatively sedentary and specialized in marginal parts of their geographical distributions 1 , 2 . They are expected to be slow at colonizing new habitats. Despite this, the cool margins of many species’ distributions have expanded rapidly in association with recent climate warming 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 . We examined four insect species that have expanded their geographical ranges in Britain over the past 20 years. Here we report that two butterfly species have increased the variety of habitat types that they can colonize, and that two bush cricket species show increased fractions of longer-winged (dispersive) individuals in recently founded populations. Both ecological and evolutionary processes are probably responsible for these changes. Increased habitat breadth and dispersal tendencies have resulted in about 3- to 15-fold increases in expansion rates, allowing these insects to cross habitat disjunctions that would have represented major or complete barriers to dispersal before the expansions started. The emergence of dispersive phenotypes will increase the speed at which species invade new environments, and probably underlies the responses of many species to both past 11 and future climate change. Many animals are regarded as relatively sedentary and specialized in marginal parts of their geographical distributions. They are expected to be slow at colonizing new habitats. Despite this, the cool margins of many species' distributions have expanded rapidly in association with recent climate warming. We examined four insect species that have expanded their geographical ranges in Britain over the past 20 years. Here we report that two butterfly species have increased the variety of habitat types that they can colonize, and that two bush cricket species show increased fractions of longer-winged (dispersive) individuals in recently founded populations. Both ecological and evolutionary processes are probably responsible for these changes. Increased habitat breadth and dispersal tendencies have resulted in about 3- to 15-fold increases in expansion rates, allowing these insects to cross habitat disjunctions that would have represented major or complete barriers to dispersal before the expansions started. The emergence of dispersive phenotypes will increase the speed at which species invade new environments, and probably underlies the responses of many species to both past and future climate change.Many animals are regarded as relatively sedentary and specialized in marginal parts of their geographical distributions. They are expected to be slow at colonizing new habitats. Despite this, the cool margins of many species' distributions have expanded rapidly in association with recent climate warming. We examined four insect species that have expanded their geographical ranges in Britain over the past 20 years. Here we report that two butterfly species have increased the variety of habitat types that they can colonize, and that two bush cricket species show increased fractions of longer-winged (dispersive) individuals in recently founded populations. Both ecological and evolutionary processes are probably responsible for these changes. Increased habitat breadth and dispersal tendencies have resulted in about 3- to 15-fold increases in expansion rates, allowing these insects to cross habitat disjunctions that would have represented major or complete barriers to dispersal before the expansions started. The emergence of dispersive phenotypes will increase the speed at which species invade new environments, and probably underlies the responses of many species to both past and future climate change. Many animals are regarded as relatively sedentary and specialized in marginal parts of their geographical distributions. They are expected to be slow at colonizing new habitats. Despite this, the cool margins of many species' distributions have expanded rapidly in association with recent climate warming. |
| Audience | Academic |
| Author | Musche, M. Davies, Z. G. Thomas, C. D. Wilson, R. J. Simmons, A. D. Bodsworth, E. J. Conradt, L. |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: C. D. surname: Thomas fullname: Thomas, C. D. email: c.d.thomas@leeds.ac.uk organization: Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation, School of Biology, University of Leeds – sequence: 2 givenname: E. J. surname: Bodsworth fullname: Bodsworth, E. J. organization: Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation, School of Biology, University of Leeds – sequence: 3 givenname: R. J. surname: Wilson fullname: Wilson, R. J. organization: Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation, School of Biology, University of Leeds – sequence: 4 givenname: A. D. surname: Simmons fullname: Simmons, A. D. organization: Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation, School of Biology, University of Leeds – sequence: 5 givenname: Z. G. surname: Davies fullname: Davies, Z. G. organization: Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation, School of Biology, University of Leeds – sequence: 6 givenname: M. surname: Musche fullname: Musche, M. organization: Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation, School of Biology, University of Leeds, Luther-Universität-Wittenberg, Institüt für Zoologie – sequence: 7 givenname: L. surname: Conradt fullname: Conradt, L. organization: Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation, School of Biology, University of Leeds |
| BackLink | http://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=1035304$$DView record in Pascal Francis https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11385570$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| CODEN | NATUAS |
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| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | Macmillan Magazines Ltd. 2001 2001 INIST-CNRS COPYRIGHT 2001 Nature Publishing Group Copyright Macmillan Journals Ltd. May 31, 2001 |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: Macmillan Magazines Ltd. 2001 – notice: 2001 INIST-CNRS – notice: COPYRIGHT 2001 Nature Publishing Group – notice: Copyright Macmillan Journals Ltd. May 31, 2001 |
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| Keywords | Warming Phenotype Geographic distribution Arthropoda Insecta Lepidoptera Habitat Invertebrata Expansion Climate modification Colonization Dispersion |
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| References | GR Coope (BF35079066_CR27) 1995 JA Thomas (BF35079066_CR12) 1986; 23 M Williamson (BF35079066_CR28) 1996 JK Hill (BF35079066_CR24) 1999; 87 RJ Wilson (BF35079066_CR19) 1999 CD Thomas (BF35079066_CR10) 1999; 399 J Asher (BF35079066_CR6) 2001 FLW Ratnieks (BF35079066_CR29) 1991 J Heath (BF35079066_CR16) 1984 LC Cwynar (BF35079066_CR11) 1987; 129 JA Marshall (BF35079066_CR7) 1988 I Hanski (BF35079066_CR13) 1994; 63 L Hughes (BF35079066_CR3) 2000; 15 JA Thomas (BF35079066_CR1) 1993; 16 C Parmesan (BF35079066_CR5) 1999; 399 JK Hill (BF35079066_CR23) 1999; 121 AJ Zera (BF35079066_CR25) 1997; 42 CD Thomas (BF35079066_CR30) 1993; 62 JK Hill (BF35079066_CR4) 1999; 266 CD Thomas (BF35079066_CR21) 1997 A Moilanen (BF35079066_CR15) 2000; 69 CD Thomas (BF35079066_CR20) 1992; 92 JA Thomas (BF35079066_CR2) 1999; 13 ECM Haes (BF35079066_CR8) 1997 N Wahlberg (BF35079066_CR14) 1996; 273 J Widgery (BF35079066_CR9) 2000 FH Perring (BF35079066_CR17) 1976 NAD Bourn (BF35079066_CR18) 1993; 63 J Niemela (BF35079066_CR22) 1991; 62 M Doebeli (BF35079066_CR26) 1997; 51 11385546 - Nature. 2001 May 31;411(6837):531-2 |
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1
,
2
. They are expected to be slow at... Many animals are regarded as relatively sedentary and specialized in marginal parts of their geographical distributions. They are expected to be slow at... Many animal species have shown a rapid extension of the cool margin of their geographical distribution in association with recent climate warming. Four insect... |
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| SubjectTerms | Animal and plant ecology Animal, plant and microbial ecology Animals Aricia agestis Biological and medical sciences Biological Evolution British Isles Butterflies & moths Butterflies - physiology Climate Climate change Conocephalus discolor Ecology England Environment Evolution Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Geographical distribution Global warming Gryllidae Gryllidae - physiology Habitats Hesperia comma Hesperiidae Humanities and Social Sciences Insects letter Metrioptera roeselii multidisciplinary Population Dynamics Satyrinae Science Science (multidisciplinary) Synecology Terrestrial ecosystems Tettigoniidae |
| Title | Ecological and evolutionary processes at expanding range margins |
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