Differential Activation Patterns in the Same Brain Region Led to Opposite Emotional States

In human studies, how averaged activation in a brain region relates to human behavior has been extensively investigated. This approach has led to the finding that positive and negative facial preferences are represented by different brain regions. However, using a functional magnetic resonance imagi...

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Published inPLoS biology Vol. 14; no. 9; p. e1002546
Main Authors Shibata, Kazuhisa, Watanabe, Takeo, Kawato, Mitsuo, Sasaki, Yuka
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States Public Library of Science 08.09.2016
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Abstract In human studies, how averaged activation in a brain region relates to human behavior has been extensively investigated. This approach has led to the finding that positive and negative facial preferences are represented by different brain regions. However, using a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) decoded neurofeedback (DecNef) method, we found that different patterns of neural activations within the cingulate cortex (CC) play roles in representing opposite directions of facial preference. In the present study, while neutrally preferred faces were presented, multi-voxel activation patterns in the CC that corresponded to higher (or lower) preference were repeatedly induced by fMRI DecNef. As a result, previously neutrally preferred faces became more (or less) preferred. We conclude that a different activation pattern in the CC, rather than averaged activation in a different area, represents and suffices to determine positive or negative facial preference. This new approach may reveal the importance of an activation pattern within a brain region in many cognitive functions.
AbstractList In human studies, how averaged activation in a brain region relates to human behavior has been extensively investigated. This approach has led to the finding that positive and negative facial preferences are represented by different brain regions. However, using a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) decoded neurofeedback (DecNef) method, we found that different patterns of neural activations within the cingulate cortex (CC) play roles in representing opposite directions of facial preference. In the present study, while neutrally preferred faces were presented, multi-voxel activation patterns in the CC that corresponded to higher (or lower) preference were repeatedly induced by fMRI DecNef. As a result, previously neutrally preferred faces became more (or less) preferred. We conclude that a different activation pattern in the CC, rather than averaged activation in a different area, represents and suffices to determine positive or negative facial preference. This new approach may reveal the importance of an activation pattern within a brain region in many cognitive functions. A newly developed fMRI method, decoded neurofeedback (DecNef), reveals that specific activation patterns in the cingulate cortex are largely responsible for determining human facial preferences. Although it is well studied how averaged activation of a brain region relates to behavior, it is still unclear if specific patterns of activation within regions also relate to cognitive function. In recent years, several methods have been developed for manipulating brain activity in humans. Real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging decoded neurofeedback (fMRI DecNef) is a method that allows the induction of specific patterns of brain activity by measuring the current pattern, comparing this to the pattern to be induced, and giving the subjects feedback on how close the two patterns of neuronal activity are. Using fMRI DecNef, we manipulated the pattern of activation in the cingulate cortex—a part of the cerebral cortex that plays a role in preference to different categories including faces and daily items—and tested whether we could change these preferences. In the experiment, a specific activation pattern in the cingulate cortex corresponding to higher (or lower) preference was induced by fMRI DecNef while subjects were seeing a neutrally preferred face. As a result, these neutrally preferred faces became more (or less) preferred. Our finding suggests that different patterns of activation in the cingulate cortex represent, and are sufficient to determine, different emotional states. Our new approach using fMRI DecNef may reveal the importance of activation patterns within a brain region, rather than activation in a whole region, in many cognitive functions.
In human studies, how averaged activation in a brain region relates to human behavior has been extensively investigated. This approach has led to the finding that positive and negative facial preferences are represented by different brain regions. However, using a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) decoded neurofeedback (DecNef) method, we found that different patterns of neural activations within the cingulate cortex (CC) play roles in representing opposite directions of facial preference. In the present study, while neutrally preferred faces were presented, multi-voxel activation patterns in the CC that corresponded to higher (or lower) preference were repeatedly induced by fMRI DecNef. As a result, previously neutrally preferred faces became more (or less) preferred. We conclude that a different activation pattern in the CC, rather than averaged activation in a different area, represents and suffices to determine positive or negative facial preference. This new approach may reveal the importance of an activation pattern within a brain region in many cognitive functions.
  In human studies, how averaged activation in a brain region relates to human behavior has been extensively investigated. This approach has led to the finding that positive and negative facial preferences are represented by different brain regions. However, using a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) decoded neurofeedback (DecNef) method, we found that different patterns of neural activations within the cingulate cortex (CC) play roles in representing opposite directions of facial preference. In the present study, while neutrally preferred faces were presented, multi-voxel activation patterns in the CC that corresponded to higher (or lower) preference were repeatedly induced by fMRI DecNef. As a result, previously neutrally preferred faces became more (or less) preferred. We conclude that a different activation pattern in the CC, rather than averaged activation in a different area, represents and suffices to determine positive or negative facial preference. This new approach may reveal the importance of an activation pattern within a brain region in many cognitive functions.
In human studies, how averaged activation in a brain region relates to human behavior has been extensively investigated. This approach has led to the finding that positive and negative facial preferences are represented by different brain regions. However, using a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) decoded neurofeedback (DecNef) method, we found that different patterns of neural activations within the cingulate cortex (CC) play roles in representing opposite directions of facial preference. In the present study, while neutrally preferred faces were presented, multi-voxel activation patterns in the CC that corresponded to higher (or lower) preference were repeatedly induced by fMRI DecNef. As a result, previously neutrally preferred faces became more (or less) preferred. We conclude that a different activation pattern in the CC, rather than averaged activation in a different area, represents and suffices to determine positive or negative facial preference. This new approach may reveal the importance of an activation pattern within a brain region in many cognitive functions.In human studies, how averaged activation in a brain region relates to human behavior has been extensively investigated. This approach has led to the finding that positive and negative facial preferences are represented by different brain regions. However, using a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) decoded neurofeedback (DecNef) method, we found that different patterns of neural activations within the cingulate cortex (CC) play roles in representing opposite directions of facial preference. In the present study, while neutrally preferred faces were presented, multi-voxel activation patterns in the CC that corresponded to higher (or lower) preference were repeatedly induced by fMRI DecNef. As a result, previously neutrally preferred faces became more (or less) preferred. We conclude that a different activation pattern in the CC, rather than averaged activation in a different area, represents and suffices to determine positive or negative facial preference. This new approach may reveal the importance of an activation pattern within a brain region in many cognitive functions.
Audience Academic
Author Kawato, Mitsuo
Watanabe, Takeo
Sasaki, Yuka
Shibata, Kazuhisa
AuthorAffiliation 2 Department of Cognitive, Linguistics, & Psychological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
National Institutes of Mental Health, UNITED STATES
1 Brain Information Communication Research Laboratory Group, Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International, 2-2-2 Hikaridai, Keihanna Science City, Kyoto, Japan
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BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27608359$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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ContentType Journal Article
Copyright COPYRIGHT 2016 Public Library of Science
2016 Public Library of Science. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited: Shibata K, Watanabe T, Kawato M, Sasaki Y (2016) Differential Activation Patterns in the Same Brain Region Led to Opposite Emotional States. PLoS Biol 14(9): e1002546. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1002546
2016 Shibata et al 2016 Shibata et al
2016 Public Library of Science. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited: Shibata K, Watanabe T, Kawato M, Sasaki Y (2016) Differential Activation Patterns in the Same Brain Region Led to Opposite Emotional States. PLoS Biol 14(9): e1002546. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1002546
Copyright_xml – notice: COPYRIGHT 2016 Public Library of Science
– notice: 2016 Public Library of Science. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited: Shibata K, Watanabe T, Kawato M, Sasaki Y (2016) Differential Activation Patterns in the Same Brain Region Led to Opposite Emotional States. PLoS Biol 14(9): e1002546. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1002546
– notice: 2016 Shibata et al 2016 Shibata et al
– notice: 2016 Public Library of Science. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited: Shibata K, Watanabe T, Kawato M, Sasaki Y (2016) Differential Activation Patterns in the Same Brain Region Led to Opposite Emotional States. PLoS Biol 14(9): e1002546. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1002546
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I have read the journal's policy and the authors of this manuscript have the following competing interests. There is a potential financial conflict of interest; the authors are the inventors of patents related to the multi-voxel pattern induction method used in this study, while the original assignee of the patents is ATR, with which the authors are affiliated.
Current address: Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
Conceived and designed the experiments: KS TW MK YS.Performed the experiments: KS.Analyzed the data: KS MK YS.Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: KS.Wrote the paper: KS TW MK YS.
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21135218 - Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010 Dec 21;107(51):22014-9
14654453 - Cereb Cortex. 2004 Jan;14(1):11-22
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Snippet In human studies, how averaged activation in a brain region relates to human behavior has been extensively investigated. This approach has led to the finding...
  In human studies, how averaged activation in a brain region relates to human behavior has been extensively investigated. This approach has led to the finding...
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SubjectTerms Adult
Biology and Life Sciences
Brain - physiology
Brain research
Cognitive ability
Emotions - physiology
Engineering and Technology
Female
Humans
Information communication
Laboratories
Linguistics
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Male
Medicine and Health Sciences
Methods
Neural circuitry
NMR
Nuclear magnetic resonance
Physical Sciences
Physiological aspects
Preferences
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Research & development
Research and Analysis Methods
Science
Social Sciences
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Young Adult
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Title Differential Activation Patterns in the Same Brain Region Led to Opposite Emotional States
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https://www.proquest.com/docview/1829444100
https://www.proquest.com/docview/1818335621
https://www.proquest.com/docview/1837331362
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC5015828
https://doaj.org/article/94927f043f5e4021b8140a3d24e96f3b
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1002546
Volume 14
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