Rubber Hand Illusion under Delayed Visual Feedback
Rubber hand illusion (RHI) is a subject's illusion of the self-ownership of a rubber hand that was touched synchronously with their own hand. Although previous studies have confirmed that this illusion disappears when the rubber hand was touched asynchronously with the subject's hand, the...
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| Published in | PloS one Vol. 4; no. 7; p. e6185 |
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| Main Authors | , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
United States
Public Library of Science
09.07.2009
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
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| Abstract | Rubber hand illusion (RHI) is a subject's illusion of the self-ownership of a rubber hand that was touched synchronously with their own hand. Although previous studies have confirmed that this illusion disappears when the rubber hand was touched asynchronously with the subject's hand, the minimum temporal discrepancy of these two events for attenuation of RHI has not been examined.
In this study, various temporal discrepancies between visual and tactile stimulations were introduced by using a visual feedback delay experimental setup, and RHI effects in each temporal discrepancy condition were systematically tested. The results showed that subjects felt significantly greater RHI effects with temporal discrepancies of less than 300 ms compared with longer temporal discrepancies. The RHI effects on reaching performance (proprioceptive drift) showed similar conditional differences.
Our results first demonstrated that a temporal discrepancy of less than 300 ms between visual stimulation of the rubber hand and tactile stimulation to the subject's own hand is preferable to induce strong sensation of RHI. We suggest that the time window of less than 300 ms is critical for multi-sensory integration processes constituting the self-body image. |
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| AbstractList | Background Rubber hand illusion (RHI) is a subject's illusion of the self-ownership of a rubber hand that was touched synchronously with their own hand. Although previous studies have confirmed that this illusion disappears when the rubber hand was touched asynchronously with the subject's hand, the minimum temporal discrepancy of these two events for attenuation of RHI has not been examined. Methodology/Principal Findings In this study, various temporal discrepancies between visual and tactile stimulations were introduced by using a visual feedback delay experimental setup, and RHI effects in each temporal discrepancy condition were systematically tested. The results showed that subjects felt significantly greater RHI effects with temporal discrepancies of less than 300 ms compared with longer temporal discrepancies. The RHI effects on reaching performance (proprioceptive drift) showed similar conditional differences. Conclusions/Significance Our results first demonstrated that a temporal discrepancy of less than 300 ms between visual stimulation of the rubber hand and tactile stimulation to the subject's own hand is preferable to induce strong sensation of RHI. We suggest that the time window of less than 300 ms is critical for multi-sensory integration processes constituting the self-body image. Rubber hand illusion (RHI) is a subject's illusion of the self-ownership of a rubber hand that was touched synchronously with their own hand. Although previous studies have confirmed that this illusion disappears when the rubber hand was touched asynchronously with the subject's hand, the minimum temporal discrepancy of these two events for attenuation of RHI has not been examined.BACKGROUNDRubber hand illusion (RHI) is a subject's illusion of the self-ownership of a rubber hand that was touched synchronously with their own hand. Although previous studies have confirmed that this illusion disappears when the rubber hand was touched asynchronously with the subject's hand, the minimum temporal discrepancy of these two events for attenuation of RHI has not been examined.In this study, various temporal discrepancies between visual and tactile stimulations were introduced by using a visual feedback delay experimental setup, and RHI effects in each temporal discrepancy condition were systematically tested. The results showed that subjects felt significantly greater RHI effects with temporal discrepancies of less than 300 ms compared with longer temporal discrepancies. The RHI effects on reaching performance (proprioceptive drift) showed similar conditional differences.METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGSIn this study, various temporal discrepancies between visual and tactile stimulations were introduced by using a visual feedback delay experimental setup, and RHI effects in each temporal discrepancy condition were systematically tested. The results showed that subjects felt significantly greater RHI effects with temporal discrepancies of less than 300 ms compared with longer temporal discrepancies. The RHI effects on reaching performance (proprioceptive drift) showed similar conditional differences.Our results first demonstrated that a temporal discrepancy of less than 300 ms between visual stimulation of the rubber hand and tactile stimulation to the subject's own hand is preferable to induce strong sensation of RHI. We suggest that the time window of less than 300 ms is critical for multi-sensory integration processes constituting the self-body image.CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCEOur results first demonstrated that a temporal discrepancy of less than 300 ms between visual stimulation of the rubber hand and tactile stimulation to the subject's own hand is preferable to induce strong sensation of RHI. We suggest that the time window of less than 300 ms is critical for multi-sensory integration processes constituting the self-body image. Rubber hand illusion (RHI) is a subject's illusion of the self-ownership of a rubber hand that was touched synchronously with their own hand. Although previous studies have confirmed that this illusion disappears when the rubber hand was touched asynchronously with the subject's hand, the minimum temporal discrepancy of these two events for attenuation of RHI has not been examined. In this study, various temporal discrepancies between visual and tactile stimulations were introduced by using a visual feedback delay experimental setup, and RHI effects in each temporal discrepancy condition were systematically tested. The results showed that subjects felt significantly greater RHI effects with temporal discrepancies of less than 300 ms compared with longer temporal discrepancies. The RHI effects on reaching performance (proprioceptive drift) showed similar conditional differences. Our results first demonstrated that a temporal discrepancy of less than 300 ms between visual stimulation of the rubber hand and tactile stimulation to the subject's own hand is preferable to induce strong sensation of RHI. We suggest that the time window of less than 300 ms is critical for multi-sensory integration processes constituting the self-body image. Rubber hand illusion (RHI) is a subject's illusion of the self-ownership of a rubber hand that was touched synchronously with their own hand. Although previous studies have confirmed that this illusion disappears when the rubber hand was touched asynchronously with the subject's hand, the minimum temporal discrepancy of these two events for attenuation of RHI has not been examined. In this study, various temporal discrepancies between visual and tactile stimulations were introduced by using a visual feedback delay experimental setup, and RHI effects in each temporal discrepancy condition were systematically tested. The results showed that subjects felt significantly greater RHI effects with temporal discrepancies of less than 300 ms compared with longer temporal discrepancies. The RHI effects on reaching performance (proprioceptive drift) showed similar conditional differences. Our results first demonstrated that a temporal discrepancy of less than 300 ms between visual stimulation of the rubber hand and tactile stimulation to the subject's own hand is preferable to induce strong sensation of RHI. We suggest that the time window of less than 300 ms is critical for multi-sensory integration processes constituting the self-body image. Background Rubber hand illusion (RHI) is a subject's illusion of the self-ownership of a rubber hand that was touched synchronously with their own hand. Although previous studies have confirmed that this illusion disappears when the rubber hand was touched asynchronously with the subject's hand, the minimum temporal discrepancy of these two events for attenuation of RHI has not been examined. Methodology/Principal Findings In this study, various temporal discrepancies between visual and tactile stimulations were introduced by using a visual feedback delay experimental setup, and RHI effects in each temporal discrepancy condition were systematically tested. The results showed that subjects felt significantly greater RHI effects with temporal discrepancies of less than 300 ms compared with longer temporal discrepancies. The RHI effects on reaching performance (proprioceptive drift) showed similar conditional differences. Conclusions/Significance Our results first demonstrated that a temporal discrepancy of less than 300 ms between visual stimulation of the rubber hand and tactile stimulation to the subject's own hand is preferable to induce strong sensation of RHI. We suggest that the time window of less than 300 ms is critical for multi-sensory integration processes constituting the self-body image. |
| Audience | Academic |
| Author | Hiraki, Kazuo Fukuda, Kensuke Shimada, Sotaro |
| AuthorAffiliation | 2 Department General Systems Studies, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan 1 Department Electronics and Bioinformatics, School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Japan 3 Interfaculty Initiative in Information Studies, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan University of Minnesota, United States of America |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 3 Interfaculty Initiative in Information Studies, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan – name: 2 Department General Systems Studies, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan – name: University of Minnesota, United States of America – name: 1 Department Electronics and Bioinformatics, School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Japan |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Sotaro surname: Shimada fullname: Shimada, Sotaro – sequence: 2 givenname: Kensuke surname: Fukuda fullname: Fukuda, Kensuke – sequence: 3 givenname: Kazuo surname: Hiraki fullname: Hiraki, Kazuo |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19587780$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | COPYRIGHT 2009 Public Library of Science 2009 Shimada et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. Shimada et al. 2009 |
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| DOI | 10.1371/journal.pone.0006185 |
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| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23 Conceived and designed the experiments: SS KH. Performed the experiments: KF. Analyzed the data: SS KF. Wrote the paper: SS KH. |
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| References | 18423906 - Behav Brain Res. 2008 Aug 5;191(1):1-10 18650135 - Body Image. 2008 Dec;5(4):389-94 12965016 - Proc Biol Sci. 2003 Jul 22;270(1523):1499-506 14683712 - Neuroimage. 2003 Dec;20(4):2084-90 17138596 - Cereb Cortex. 2007 Oct;17(10):2235-44 15670700 - Neuroimage. 2005 Feb 15;24(4):1225-32 11229988 - Am J Psychiatry. 2001 Mar;158(3):454-9 9486643 - Nature. 1998 Feb 19;391(6669):756 17371495 - Psychophysiology. 2007 May;44(3):392-402 15232072 - Science. 2004 Aug 6;305(5685):875-7 18762203 - Neuropsychologia. 2009 Jan;47(1):204-11 10511643 - J Cogn Neurosci. 1999 Sep;11(5):551-9 18275337 - J Cogn Neurosci. 2008 Feb;20(2):312-23 17317221 - Conscious Cogn. 2007 Jun;16(2):229-40 |
| References_xml | – reference: 18762203 - Neuropsychologia. 2009 Jan;47(1):204-11 – reference: 12965016 - Proc Biol Sci. 2003 Jul 22;270(1523):1499-506 – reference: 18650135 - Body Image. 2008 Dec;5(4):389-94 – reference: 15670700 - Neuroimage. 2005 Feb 15;24(4):1225-32 – reference: 14683712 - Neuroimage. 2003 Dec;20(4):2084-90 – reference: 11229988 - Am J Psychiatry. 2001 Mar;158(3):454-9 – reference: 17371495 - Psychophysiology. 2007 May;44(3):392-402 – reference: 18423906 - Behav Brain Res. 2008 Aug 5;191(1):1-10 – reference: 15232072 - Science. 2004 Aug 6;305(5685):875-7 – reference: 17317221 - Conscious Cogn. 2007 Jun;16(2):229-40 – reference: 17138596 - Cereb Cortex. 2007 Oct;17(10):2235-44 – reference: 18275337 - J Cogn Neurosci. 2008 Feb;20(2):312-23 – reference: 10511643 - J Cogn Neurosci. 1999 Sep;11(5):551-9 – reference: 9486643 - Nature. 1998 Feb 19;391(6669):756 |
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| Snippet | Rubber hand illusion (RHI) is a subject's illusion of the self-ownership of a rubber hand that was touched synchronously with their own hand. Although previous... Background Rubber hand illusion (RHI) is a subject's illusion of the self-ownership of a rubber hand that was touched synchronously with their own hand.... BACKGROUND: Rubber hand illusion (RHI) is a subject's illusion of the self-ownership of a rubber hand that was touched synchronously with their own hand.... Background Rubber hand illusion (RHI) is a subject's illusion of the self-ownership of a rubber hand that was touched synchronously with their own hand.... |
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| SubjectTerms | Bioinformatics Body image Camcorders Cameras Consciousness Experiments Feedback Hand Humans Male Neuroscience/Cognitive Neuroscience Neuroscience/Experimental Psychology Neuroscience/Sensory Systems Perceptions Proprioception Rubber Schizophrenia Self image Sensory integration Stimulation Studies Tactile Tactile stimuli Visual Perception Visual stimuli Windows (intervals) |
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| Title | Rubber Hand Illusion under Delayed Visual Feedback |
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