Estimating variance components in population scale family trees

The rapid digitization of genealogical and medical records enables the assembly of extremely large pedigree records spanning millions of individuals and trillions of pairs of relatives. Such pedigrees provide the opportunity to investigate the sociological and epidemiological history of human popula...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published inPLoS genetics Vol. 15; no. 5; p. e1008124
Main Authors Shor, Tal, Kalka, Iris, Geiger, Dan, Erlich, Yaniv, Weissbrod, Omer
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States Public Library of Science 09.05.2019
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Subjects
Animals
Biology and Life Sciences
Breeding of animals
Computer science
Computer Simulation
Decomposition
Digitization
Epidemiology
Family
Female
Genealogy
Genealogy and Heraldry
Genetic engineering
Genetic Fitness
Genetics, Population
Heritability
Humans
Linear Models
Longevity - genetics
Male
Medical records
Medical research
Medicine and Health Sciences
Methods
Models, Genetic
Pedigree
Physical Sciences
Plant breeding
Plants - genetics
Population
Quantitative genetics
Reproductive fitness
Research and Analysis Methods
Social Sciences
Software
Sparsity
Trees
New York
United States > US
Israel
Online AccessGet full text

Cover

Abstract The rapid digitization of genealogical and medical records enables the assembly of extremely large pedigree records spanning millions of individuals and trillions of pairs of relatives. Such pedigrees provide the opportunity to investigate the sociological and epidemiological history of human populations in scales much larger than previously possible. Linear mixed models (LMMs) are routinely used to analyze extremely large animal and plant pedigrees for the purposes of selective breeding. However, LMMs have not been previously applied to analyze population-scale human family trees. Here, we present Sparse Cholesky factorIzation LMM (Sci-LMM), a modeling framework for studying population-scale family trees that combines techniques from the animal and plant breeding literature and from human genetics literature. The proposed framework can construct a matrix of relationships between trillions of pairs of individuals and fit the corresponding LMM in several hours. We demonstrate the capabilities of Sci-LMM via simulation studies and by estimating the heritability of longevity and of reproductive fitness (quantified via number of children) in a large pedigree spanning millions of individuals and over five centuries of human history. Sci-LMM provides a unified framework for investigating the epidemiological history of human populations via genealogical records.
AbstractList The rapid digitization of genealogical and medical records enables the assembly of extremely large pedigree records spanning millions of individuals and trillions of pairs of relatives. Such pedigrees provide the opportunity to investigate the sociological and epidemiological history of human populations in scales much larger than previously possible. Linear mixed models (LMMs) are routinely used to analyze extremely large animal and plant pedigrees for the purposes of selective breeding. However, LMMs have not been previously applied to analyze population-scale human family trees. Here, we present Sparse Cholesky factorIzation LMM (Sci-LMM), a modeling framework for studying population-scale family trees that combines techniques from the animal and plant breeding literature and from human genetics literature. The proposed framework can construct a matrix of relationships between trillions of pairs of individuals and fit the corresponding LMM in several hours. We demonstrate the capabilities of Sci-LMM via simulation studies and by estimating the heritability of longevity and of reproductive fitness (quantified via number of children) in a large pedigree spanning millions of individuals and over five centuries of human history. Sci-LMM provides a unified framework for investigating the epidemiological history of human populations via genealogical records.
The rapid digitization of genealogical and medical records enables the assembly of extremely large pedigree records spanning millions of individuals and trillions of pairs of relatives. Such pedigrees provide the opportunity to investigate the sociological and epidemiological history of human populations in scales much larger than previously possible. Linear mixed models (LMMs) are routinely used to analyze extremely large animal and plant pedigrees for the purposes of selective breeding. However, LMMs have not been previously applied to analyze population-scale human family trees. Here, we present S parse C holesky factor I zation LMM (Sci-LMM), a modeling framework for studying population-scale family trees that combines techniques from the animal and plant breeding literature and from human genetics literature. The proposed framework can construct a matrix of relationships between trillions of pairs of individuals and fit the corresponding LMM in several hours. We demonstrate the capabilities of Sci-LMM via simulation studies and by estimating the heritability of longevity and of reproductive fitness (quantified via number of children) in a large pedigree spanning millions of individuals and over five centuries of human history. Sci-LMM provides a unified framework for investigating the epidemiological history of human populations via genealogical records. The advent of online genealogy services allows the assembly of population-scale family trees, spanning millions of individuals and centuries of human history. Such datasets enable answering genetic epidemiology questions on unprecedented scales. Here we present Sci-LMM, a pedigree analysis framework that combines techniques from animal and plant breeding research and from human genetics research for large-scale pedigree analysis. We apply Sci-LMM to analyze population-scale human genealogical records, spanning trillions of relationships. We have made both Sci-LMM and an anonymized dataset of millions of individuals freely available to download, making the analysis of population-scale human family trees widely accessible to the research community. Together, these resources allow researchers to investigate genetic and epidemiological questions on an unprecedented scale.
Audience Academic
Author Shor, Tal
Weissbrod, Omer
Erlich, Yaniv
Kalka, Iris
Geiger, Dan
AuthorAffiliation 4 Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
3 Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
5 The New York Genome Center, New York, NY, United States of America
7 Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
2 MyHeritage Ltd., Or Yehuda, Israel
The University of Queensland, AUSTRALIA
1 Computer Science Department, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
6 Department of Computer Science, Fu School of Engineering, Columbia University, NY, United States of America
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 5 The New York Genome Center, New York, NY, United States of America
– name: 7 Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
– name: 6 Department of Computer Science, Fu School of Engineering, Columbia University, NY, United States of America
– name: The University of Queensland, AUSTRALIA
– name: 1 Computer Science Department, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
– name: 3 Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
– name: 2 MyHeritage Ltd., Or Yehuda, Israel
– name: 4 Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Tal
  orcidid: 0000-0003-1432-7461
  surname: Shor
  fullname: Shor, Tal
  organization: MyHeritage Ltd., Or Yehuda, Israel
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Iris
  surname: Kalka
  fullname: Kalka, Iris
  organization: Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Dan
  surname: Geiger
  fullname: Geiger, Dan
  organization: Computer Science Department, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Yaniv
  surname: Erlich
  fullname: Erlich, Yaniv
  organization: Department of Computer Science, Fu School of Engineering, Columbia University, NY, United States of America
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Omer
  orcidid: 0000-0001-9860-0626
  surname: Weissbrod
  fullname: Weissbrod, Omer
  organization: Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31071088$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
BookMark eNqVk0tv1DAQxyNURB_wDRBEQkJw2MWPOE4uoKoqsFJFJV5Xy_Ej65Vjp3ZStd--XjatNqgHkA8e2b_5j2fGc5wdOO9Ulr2EYAkxhR82fgyO22XfKreEAFQQFU-yI0gIXtACFAd79mF2HOMGAEyqmj7LDjEEFIKqOso-ncfBdHwwrs2veTDcCZUL3_UpmBtiblze-360ifAuj4JblWveGXubD0Gp-Dx7qrmN6sW0n2S_Pp__PPu6uLj8sjo7vVgIisphwREpRNXQomhEiSXhSIGKiBpQWQKiKwlKqSWsSZFM0CCMKamlJkWDlIIA45Ps9U63tz6yKffIECIplYpQmIjVjpCeb1gfUlbhlnlu2J8DH1rGw2CEVazRQihJYCOxKoAAjYSo1CA9EZMUXCetj1O0semUFKkUgduZ6PzGmTVr_TUrCaoBLJPAu0kg-KtRxYF1JgplLXfKj9t3Y1hjWlCa0Dd_oY9nN1Ft6gAzTvsUV2xF2SmpKAWIgDpRy0eotKTqjEgt1SadzxzezxwSM6iboeVjjGz14_t_sN_-nb38PWff7rFrxe2wjt6O2x8X52CxA0XwMQalHxoCAdvOxH3l2HYm2DQTye3VfjMfnO6HAN8BWzgG3Q
CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_3390_plants11233277
crossref_primary_10_1038_s43856_021_00058_4
crossref_primary_10_1093_bioinformatics_btab419
crossref_primary_10_1017_thg_2022_25
crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_020_68212_x
crossref_primary_10_3389_fgene_2021_612045
crossref_primary_10_1093_g3journal_jkab064
crossref_primary_10_1080_01621459_2022_2078330
crossref_primary_10_1089_cmb_2019_0440
Cites_doi 10.1098/rstb.2003.1437
10.3168/jds.2009-2061
10.2527/af.2016-0002
10.1093/biomet/58.3.545
10.1093/bioinformatics/btx569
10.1073/pnas.1419064111
10.3168/jds.2009-2730
10.1371/journal.pgen.1003264
10.1111/j.1420-9101.2007.01377.x
10.1631/jzus.2007.B0815
10.1534/genetics.118.301613
10.1038/s41437-018-0099-5
10.1016/j.ajhg.2018.10.017
10.1137/0916069
10.18637/jss.v033.i02
10.1080/01621459.1970.10481070
10.1016/0047-259X(71)90001-7
10.1016/j.cell.2018.04.032
10.1146/annurev-animal-022114-110733
10.1016/j.ajhg.2010.11.011
10.1002/qj.49712555906
10.1038/sdata.2015.11
10.1098/rstb.2017.0064
10.2307/2529279
10.1086/279872
10.2307/2533274
10.1016/j.ajhg.2007.10.009
10.1038/ng.3404
10.1016/j.ajhg.2017.11.001
10.1038/s41588-018-0144-6
10.1080/01621459.2000.10473927
10.1038/nrg.2016.142
10.1016/j.livsci.2014.04.029
10.1111/jbg.12269
10.1002/ajmg.b.32548
10.1098/rstb.2009.0203
10.1098/rspb.2007.1417
10.1126/science.aam9309
10.1006/jmva.2001.2056
10.1007/BF02520559
10.1101/gr.169375.113
10.1016/j.ajhg.2018.06.002
10.1111/j.1439-0388.1998.tb00347.x
10.1038/ng.3190
10.1090/S0025-5718-00-01251-5
10.1214/17-AOAS1052
10.1007/s00122-016-2750-y
10.1007/BF01066731
10.1073/pnas.0906196106
10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(91)78204-0
10.1093/bioinformatics/bts474
10.2527/jas1985.601111x
10.1111/j.2041-210X.2012.00213.x
10.2307/2527669
10.1038/s41588-018-0184-y
10.2307/2529395
10.1038/ng.2711
10.1093/bioinformatics/bty253
10.1371/journal.pone.0080821
10.1038/s41588-018-0248-z
10.1080/01621459.1972.10481212
10.1093/bioinformatics/btw012
10.1214/18-EJS1424
10.1038/nrg2813
10.2527/2006.844800x
10.1016/0047-259X(71)90019-4
10.1007/BF02123482
10.1038/ng.3406
10.1186/1297-9686-42-2
10.1126/science.aan6877
10.1016/j.ajhg.2014.09.007
10.1093/genetics/39.6.859
10.2527/jas.2015-9395
10.1017/S1751731116002366
10.2527/jas2017.1912
10.1016/j.ajhg.2015.09.001
10.1038/ng.3211
10.1371/journal.pgen.1006711
10.1098/rstb.2005.1676
10.1016/j.livsci.2014.05.017
10.1038/ng.3431
10.1098/rspb.1954.0056
10.1007/s00122-017-2887-3
10.2307/2529339
10.1038/ng1847
10.1038/s41588-018-0178-9
10.1038/ng.608
10.1038/nrg3821
10.1371/journal.pone.0102715
10.1038/s41576-018-0082-2
10.1111/1365-2656.12597
10.1002/qj.49712555417
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright COPYRIGHT 2019 Public Library of Science
2019 Shor et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
2019 Shor et al 2019 Shor et al
Copyright_xml – notice: COPYRIGHT 2019 Public Library of Science
– notice: 2019 Shor et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
– notice: 2019 Shor et al 2019 Shor et al
DBID CGR
CUY
CVF
ECM
EIF
NPM
AAYXX
CITATION
IOV
ISN
ISR
3V.
7QP
7QR
7SS
7TK
7TM
7TO
7X7
7XB
88E
8FD
8FE
8FH
8FI
8FJ
8FK
ABUWG
AFKRA
AZQEC
BBNVY
BENPR
BHPHI
CCPQU
DWQXO
FR3
FYUFA
GHDGH
GNUQQ
H94
HCIFZ
K9.
LK8
M0S
M1P
M7P
P64
PIMPY
PQEST
PQQKQ
PQUKI
PRINS
RC3
7X8
5PM
DOA
DOI 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008124
DatabaseName Medline
MEDLINE
MEDLINE (Ovid)
MEDLINE
MEDLINE
PubMed
CrossRef
Opposing Viewpoints in Context (Gale)
Gale In Context: Canada
Gale In Context: Science
ProQuest Central (Corporate)
Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts
Chemoreception Abstracts
Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)
Neurosciences Abstracts
Nucleic Acids Abstracts
Oncogenes and Growth Factors Abstracts
Health & Medical Collection
ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)
Medical Database (Alumni Edition)
Technology Research Database
ProQuest SciTech Collection
ProQuest Natural Science Collection
Hospital Premium Collection
Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)
ProQuest Central (Alumni)
ProQuest Central
ProQuest Central Essentials
Biological Science Collection
ProQuest Central
Natural Science Collection
ProQuest One Community College
ProQuest Central Korea
Engineering Research Database
Health Research Premium Collection
Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)
ProQuest Central Student
AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts
SciTech Premium Collection
ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)
Biological Sciences
Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)
Medical Database
Biological Science Database
Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts
Publicly Available Content Database
ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)
ProQuest One Academic
ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition
ProQuest Central China
Genetics Abstracts
MEDLINE - Academic
PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)
DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
DatabaseTitle MEDLINE
Medline Complete
MEDLINE with Full Text
PubMed
MEDLINE (Ovid)
CrossRef
Publicly Available Content Database
ProQuest Central Student
Oncogenes and Growth Factors Abstracts
Technology Research Database
ProQuest Central Essentials
Nucleic Acids Abstracts
ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)
ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)
SciTech Premium Collection
ProQuest One Community College
ProQuest Natural Science Collection
ProQuest Central China
ProQuest Central
Genetics Abstracts
Health Research Premium Collection
Health and Medicine Complete (Alumni Edition)
Natural Science Collection
ProQuest Central Korea
Biological Science Collection
AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts
Chemoreception Abstracts
ProQuest Medical Library (Alumni)
ProQuest Biological Science Collection
ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition
ProQuest Hospital Collection
Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)
Biological Science Database
ProQuest SciTech Collection
Neurosciences Abstracts
ProQuest Hospital Collection (Alumni)
Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts
Entomology Abstracts
ProQuest Health & Medical Complete
ProQuest Medical Library
ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition
Engineering Research Database
ProQuest One Academic
Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts
ProQuest Central (Alumni)
MEDLINE - Academic
DatabaseTitleList


Publicly Available Content Database


MEDLINE
Database_xml – sequence: 1
  dbid: DOA
  name: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
  url: https://www.doaj.org/
  sourceTypes: Open Website
– sequence: 2
  dbid: NPM
  name: PubMed
  url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed
  sourceTypes: Index Database
– sequence: 3
  dbid: EIF
  name: MEDLINE
  url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=https://www.webofscience.com/wos/medline/basic-search
  sourceTypes: Index Database
– sequence: 4
  dbid: BENPR
  name: ProQuest Central
  url: https://www.proquest.com/central
  sourceTypes: Aggregation Database
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Biology
Computer Science
DocumentTitleAlternate Estimating variance components in population scale family trees
EISSN 1553-7404
Editor Visscher, Peter M.
Editor_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Peter M.
  surname: Visscher
  fullname: Visscher, Peter M.
EndPage e1008124
ExternalDocumentID 2251078571
oai_doaj_org_article_bfcced51bd3e40c0bd126f054c350b2f
A587702509
10_1371_journal_pgen_1008124
31071088
Genre Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Journal Article
GeographicLocations New York
United States--US
Israel
GeographicLocations_xml – name: Israel
– name: New York
– name: United States--US
GroupedDBID ---
123
29O
2WC
3V.
53G
5VS
7X7
88E
8FE
8FH
8FI
8FJ
AAFWJ
ABDBF
ABUWG
ACGFO
ACIHN
ACIWK
ACPRK
ADBBV
ADRAZ
AEAQA
AENEX
AFKRA
AFPKN
AHMBA
ALIPV
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
AOIJS
B0M
BAWUL
BBNVY
BCNDV
BENPR
BHPHI
BPHCQ
BVXVI
BWKFM
C1A
CCPQU
CGR
CS3
CUY
CVF
DIK
DU5
E3Z
EAP
EAS
EBD
EBS
ECM
EIF
EJD
EMK
EMOBN
ESX
F5P
FPL
FYUFA
GROUPED_DOAJ
GX1
H13
HCIFZ
HMCUK
HYE
IAO
IGS
IHR
IHW
INH
INR
IOV
IPNFZ
ISN
ISR
ITC
KQ8
LK8
M1P
M48
M7P
M~E
NPM
O5R
O5S
OK1
P2P
PIMPY
PQQKQ
PROAC
PSQYO
PV9
QF4
QN7
RIG
RNS
RPM
RZL
SV3
TR2
TUS
UKHRP
WOQ
WOW
XSB
~8M
AAYXX
CITATION
7QP
7QR
7SS
7TK
7TM
7TO
7XB
8FD
8FK
AZQEC
DWQXO
FR3
GNUQQ
H94
K9.
P64
PQEST
PQUKI
PRINS
RC3
7X8
5PM
AAPBV
ABPTK
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c726t-a254c8b744bc63d5a2e085c907d605f8d06dfd19548d00b233759df54b2ee1033
IEDL.DBID RPM
ISSN 1553-7404
1553-7390
IngestDate Sun Nov 05 00:20:31 EDT 2023
Tue Oct 22 15:14:13 EDT 2024
Tue Sep 17 21:09:40 EDT 2024
Fri Jun 28 17:22:24 EDT 2024
Thu Oct 10 16:06:03 EDT 2024
Tue Nov 19 21:22:34 EST 2024
Tue Nov 12 23:22:52 EST 2024
Thu Aug 01 20:03:12 EDT 2024
Thu Aug 01 20:32:53 EDT 2024
Thu Aug 01 20:29:17 EDT 2024
Tue Aug 20 22:00:35 EDT 2024
Fri Aug 23 02:39:22 EDT 2024
Sat Sep 28 08:32:10 EDT 2024
IsDoiOpenAccess true
IsOpenAccess true
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Issue 5
Language English
License This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Creative Commons Attribution License
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c726t-a254c8b744bc63d5a2e085c907d605f8d06dfd19548d00b233759df54b2ee1033
Notes new_version
ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 23
I have read the journal's policy and the authors of this manuscript have the following competing interests: TS and YE are employees of MyHeritage Ltd.
ORCID 0000-0001-9860-0626
0000-0003-1432-7461
OpenAccessLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6529016/
PMID 31071088
PQID 2251078571
PQPubID 1436339
ParticipantIDs plos_journals_2251078571
doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_bfcced51bd3e40c0bd126f054c350b2f
pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_6529016
proquest_miscellaneous_2231937477
proquest_journals_2251078571
gale_infotracmisc_A587702509
gale_infotracacademiconefile_A587702509
gale_incontextgauss_ISR_A587702509
gale_incontextgauss_ISN_A587702509
gale_incontextgauss_IOV_A587702509
gale_healthsolutions_A587702509
crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pgen_1008124
pubmed_primary_31071088
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 20190509
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2019-05-09
PublicationDate_xml – month: 5
  year: 2019
  text: 20190509
  day: 9
PublicationDecade 2010
PublicationPlace United States
PublicationPlace_xml – name: United States
– name: San Francisco
– name: San Francisco, CA USA
PublicationTitle PLoS genetics
PublicationTitleAlternate PLoS Genet
PublicationYear 2019
Publisher Public Library of Science
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Publisher_xml – name: Public Library of Science
– name: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
References HD Patterson (ref77) 1971; 58
H Wendland (ref104) 1995; 4
B Bulik-Sullivan (ref33) 2015; 47
CR Rao (ref52) 1972; 67
E Manfredi (ref20) 2017; 134
J Haseman (ref65) 1972; 2
C Cockerham (ref74) 1954; 39
RL Quaas (ref79) 1977; 32
X Zhou (ref56) 2017; 11
C Henderson (ref87) 1985; 60
DC Sorensen (ref88) 1997
G-B Chen (ref66) 2014; 5
I Misztal (ref69) 2002
RM Kreider (ref92) 2011
JG Ruby (ref2) 2018; 210
R Thompson (ref16) 2008; 275
RL Fernando (ref24) 2016
A Legarra (ref111) 2014; 166
T Ge (ref32) 2017; 13
Y Wu (ref58) 2018; 34
SH Lee (ref29) 2016; 32
X Zhou (ref38) 2013; 9
A Gilmour (ref72) 2015
AR Gilmour (ref82) 1995; 51
A Kong (ref106) 2018; 359
A Legarra (ref108) 2009; 92
S Lee (ref47) 2006; 38
MP Conomos (ref95) 2018
CE McCulloch (ref84) 2008
K Meyer (ref71) 2007; 8
SH Lee (ref36) 2012; 28
MVB Silva (ref23) 2014; 166
H Liu (ref64) 2018; 121
RH Byrd (ref83) 1995; 16
D Nelson (ref7) 2018; 103
HK Finucane (ref55) 2015; 47
CR Rao (ref50) 1971; 1
B Pasaniuc (ref61) 2017; 18
P Bijma (ref105) 2006; 84
A Bonnet (ref57) 2018; 12
P-R Loh (ref28) 2015; 47
J Vespa (ref93) 2011
F Sansò (ref103) 1987; 61
J Yang (ref27) 2011; 88
ME Wolak (ref94) 2012; 3
A Xavier (ref19) 2016; 129
OF Christensen (ref110) 2010; 42
EA Mäntysaari (ref25) 2017; 95
(ref37) 2013; 45
P-R Loh (ref43) 2015; 47
D Speed (ref39) 2014; 24
E Jones (ref67) 2001
JW Smoller (ref6) 2018; 177
ME Wolak (ref91) 2017; 86
AL Price (ref42) 2010; 11
MW Feldman (ref97) 2018; 373
J Yang (ref26) 2010; 42
BK Bulik-Sullivan (ref31) 2015; 47
Y Wu (ref59) 2019
S Wright (ref86) 1922; 56
Y Masuda (ref48) 2015; 93
M Lidauer (ref81) 2017
D Gianola (ref11) 2000; 95
TM Therneau (ref96) 2018
WG Hill (ref17) 2010; 365
LEB Kruuk (ref8) 2007; 20
X Huang (ref4) 2018; 34
B Bulik-Sullivan (ref54) 2015
PM VanRaden (ref76) 1991; 74
LEB Kruuk (ref13) 2004; 359
M Georges (ref22) 2019; 20
JD Hadfield (ref73) 2010; 33
X Zhu (ref90) 2008; 82
O Weissbrod (ref35) 2018; 103
D Speed (ref85) 2015; 16
M Lynch (ref10) 1998
D Gianola (ref18) 2015; 3
I Aguilar (ref109) 2010; 93
CR Henderson (ref78) 1976; 32
AI Young (ref107) 2018; 50
T Gneiting (ref100) 1999; 125
R Thompson (ref15) 2005; 360
H Liu (ref63) 2017; 130
AL Price (ref89) 2006; 38
Q Lu (ref34) 2017; 101
G Kosova (ref98) 2010; 107
A Pazokitoroudi (ref60) 2019
Z Hu (ref62) 2014; 9
T Gneiting (ref102) 2002; 83
MD Buhmann (ref99) 2000; 70
P-R Loh (ref44) 2018; 50
ref70
I Misztal (ref21) 2017; 11
FCG Polubriaginof (ref5) 2018; 173
K Matilainen (ref68) 2013; 8
J Kaplanis (ref1) 2018; 360
W Zhou (ref45) 2018; 50
CR Henderson (ref9) 1959; 15
D Golan (ref30) 2014; 111
CR Rao (ref51) 1971; 1
LR LaMotte (ref53) 1973; 29
O Canela-Xandri (ref46) 2018; 50
CR Rao (ref49) 1970; 65
T Meuwissen (ref112) 2016; 6
Y Chen (ref80) 2008; 35
D Golan (ref40) 2014; 95
R Thompson (ref14) 2004; 57
O Kempthorne (ref75) 1954; 143
G Gaspari (ref101) 1999; 125
DF Gudbjartsson (ref3) 2015; 2
BJ Vilhjálmsson (ref41) 2015; 97
A Hofer (ref12) 1998; 115
References_xml – volume: 5
  start-page: 107
  year: 2014
  ident: ref66
  article-title: Estimating heritability of complex traits from genome-wide association studies using IBS-based Haseman–Elston regression
  publication-title: Front Genet
  contributor:
    fullname: G-B Chen
– volume: 359
  start-page: 873
  year: 2004
  ident: ref13
  article-title: Estimating genetic parameters in natural populations using the “animal model
  publication-title: Philos Trans R Soc B Biol Sci
  doi: 10.1098/rstb.2003.1437
  contributor:
    fullname: LEB Kruuk
– year: 2015
  ident: ref72
  article-title: ASReml user guide release 4.1 structural specification
  contributor:
    fullname: A Gilmour
– volume: 92
  start-page: 4656
  year: 2009
  ident: ref108
  article-title: A relationship matrix including full pedigree and genomic information
  publication-title: J Dairy Sci
  doi: 10.3168/jds.2009-2061
  contributor:
    fullname: A Legarra
– volume: 6
  start-page: 6
  year: 2016
  ident: ref112
  article-title: Genomic selection: A paradigm shift in animal breeding
  publication-title: Anim Front
  doi: 10.2527/af.2016-0002
  contributor:
    fullname: T Meuwissen
– volume: 58
  start-page: 545
  year: 1971
  ident: ref77
  article-title: Recovery of inter-block information when block sizes are unequal
  publication-title: Biometrika
  doi: 10.1093/biomet/58.3.545
  contributor:
    fullname: HD Patterson
– volume: 34
  start-page: 635
  year: 2018
  ident: ref4
  article-title: Applying family analyses to electronic health records to facilitate genetic research
  publication-title: Bioinformatics
  doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btx569
  contributor:
    fullname: X Huang
– volume: 111
  start-page: E5272
  year: 2014
  ident: ref30
  article-title: Measuring missing heritability: Inferring the contribution of common variants
  publication-title: Proc Natl Acad Sci
  doi: 10.1073/pnas.1419064111
  contributor:
    fullname: D Golan
– volume: 35
  start-page: 22
  year: 2008
  ident: ref80
  article-title: Algorithm 887: CHOLMOD, supernodal sparse Cholesky factorization and update/downdate
  publication-title: ACM Trans Math Softw TOMS
  contributor:
    fullname: Y Chen
– volume: 93
  start-page: 743
  year: 2010
  ident: ref109
  article-title: Hot topic: A unified approach to utilize phenotypic, full pedigree, and genomic information for genetic evaluation of Holstein final score
  publication-title: J Dairy Sci
  doi: 10.3168/jds.2009-2730
  contributor:
    fullname: I Aguilar
– start-page: 48
  year: 2016
  ident: ref24
  article-title: Computational strategies for alternative single-step Bayesian regression models with large numbers of genotyped and non-genotyped animals
  publication-title: Genet Sel Evol
  contributor:
    fullname: RL Fernando
– volume: 9
  start-page: e1003264
  year: 2013
  ident: ref38
  article-title: Polygenic modeling with Bayesian sparse linear mixed models
  publication-title: PLoS Genet
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003264
  contributor:
    fullname: X Zhou
– volume: 20
  start-page: 1890
  year: 2007
  ident: ref8
  article-title: How to separate genetic and environmental causes of similarity between relatives: Separating genetic and environmental effects
  publication-title: J Evol Biol
  doi: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2007.01377.x
  contributor:
    fullname: LEB Kruuk
– start-page: 525055
  year: 2019
  ident: ref59
  article-title: Fast estimation of genetic correlation for Biobank-scale data
  publication-title: bioRxiv
  contributor:
    fullname: Y Wu
– volume: 8
  start-page: 815
  year: 2007
  ident: ref71
  article-title: WOMBAT—A tool for mixed model analyses in quantitative genetics by restricted maximum likelihood (REML)
  publication-title: J Zhejiang Univ Sci B
  doi: 10.1631/jzus.2007.B0815
  contributor:
    fullname: K Meyer
– volume: 210
  start-page: 1109
  year: 2018
  ident: ref2
  article-title: Estimates of the Heritability of Human Longevity Are Substantially Inflated due to Assortative Mating
  publication-title: Genetics
  doi: 10.1534/genetics.118.301613
  contributor:
    fullname: JG Ruby
– volume: 121
  start-page: 196
  year: 2018
  ident: ref64
  article-title: A new genomic prediction method with additive-dominance effects in the least-squares framework
  publication-title: Heredity
  doi: 10.1038/s41437-018-0099-5
  contributor:
    fullname: H Liu
– volume: 103
  start-page: 893
  year: 2018
  ident: ref7
  article-title: Inferring Transmission Histories of Rare Alleles in Population-Scale Genealogies
  publication-title: Am J Hum Genet
  doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2018.10.017
  contributor:
    fullname: D Nelson
– volume: 16
  start-page: 1190
  year: 1995
  ident: ref83
  article-title: A limited memory algorithm for bound constrained optimization
  publication-title: SIAM J Sci Comput
  doi: 10.1137/0916069
  contributor:
    fullname: RH Byrd
– volume: 33
  start-page: 1
  year: 2010
  ident: ref73
  article-title: MCMC Methods for Multi-Response Generalized Linear Mixed Models: The MCMCglmm R Package
  publication-title: J Stat Softw
  doi: 10.18637/jss.v033.i02
  contributor:
    fullname: JD Hadfield
– volume: 65
  start-page: 161
  year: 1970
  ident: ref49
  article-title: Estimation of Heteroscedastic Variances in Linear Models
  publication-title: J Am Stat Assoc
  doi: 10.1080/01621459.1970.10481070
  contributor:
    fullname: CR Rao
– volume: 1
  start-page: 257
  year: 1971
  ident: ref50
  article-title: Estimation of variance and covariance components—MINQUE theory
  publication-title: J Multivar Anal
  doi: 10.1016/0047-259X(71)90001-7
  contributor:
    fullname: CR Rao
– volume: 173
  start-page: 1692
  year: 2018
  ident: ref5
  article-title: Disease Heritability Inferred from Familial Relationships Reported in Medical Records
  publication-title: Cell
  doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.04.032
  contributor:
    fullname: FCG Polubriaginof
– volume: 3
  start-page: 19
  year: 2015
  ident: ref18
  article-title: One Hundred Years of Statistical Developments in Animal Breeding
  publication-title: Annu Rev Anim Biosci
  doi: 10.1146/annurev-animal-022114-110733
  contributor:
    fullname: D Gianola
– volume: 88
  start-page: 76
  year: 2011
  ident: ref27
  article-title: GCTA: a tool for genome-wide complex trait analysis
  publication-title: Am J Hum Genet
  doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2010.11.011
  contributor:
    fullname: J Yang
– volume: 57
  start-page: 15
  year: 2004
  ident: ref14
  article-title: Prospects for statistical methods in animal breeding
  publication-title: J Ind Soc Agric Stat
  contributor:
    fullname: R Thompson
– year: 2017
  ident: ref81
  article-title: MiX99: Technical reference guide for MiX99 solver
  publication-title: MiX99: Technical reference guide for MiX99 solver
  contributor:
    fullname: M Lidauer
– volume: 125
  start-page: 2449
  year: 1999
  ident: ref100
  article-title: Correlation functions for atmospheric data analysis
  publication-title: Q J R Meteorol Soc
  doi: 10.1002/qj.49712555906
  contributor:
    fullname: T Gneiting
– volume: 2
  start-page: 150011
  year: 2015
  ident: ref3
  article-title: Sequence variants from whole genome sequencing a large group of Icelanders
  publication-title: Sci Data
  doi: 10.1038/sdata.2015.11
  contributor:
    fullname: DF Gudbjartsson
– volume: 373
  start-page: 20170064
  year: 2018
  ident: ref97
  article-title: Missing compared to what? Revisiting heritability, genes and culture
  publication-title: Philos Trans R Soc B Biol Sci
  doi: 10.1098/rstb.2017.0064
  contributor:
    fullname: MW Feldman
– start-page: 018283
  year: 2015
  ident: ref54
  article-title: Relationship between LD Score and Haseman-Elston Regression
  publication-title: bioRxiv
  contributor:
    fullname: B Bulik-Sullivan
– volume: 32
  start-page: 949
  year: 1977
  ident: ref79
  article-title: Computing the Diagonal Elements and Inverse of a Large Numerator Relationship Matrix
  publication-title: Biometrics
  doi: 10.2307/2529279
  contributor:
    fullname: RL Quaas
– volume: 56
  start-page: 330
  year: 1922
  ident: ref86
  article-title: Coefficients of inbreeding and relationship
  publication-title: Am Nat
  doi: 10.1086/279872
  contributor:
    fullname: S Wright
– start-page: 522003
  year: 2019
  ident: ref60
  article-title: Scalable multi-component linear mixed models with application to SNP heritability estimation
  publication-title: bioRxiv
  contributor:
    fullname: A Pazokitoroudi
– volume: 51
  start-page: 1440
  year: 1995
  ident: ref82
  article-title: Average information REML: an efficient algorithm for variance parameter estimation in linear mixed models
  publication-title: Biometrics
  doi: 10.2307/2533274
  contributor:
    fullname: AR Gilmour
– year: 2011
  ident: ref92
  article-title: Number, timing, and duration of marriages and divorces, 2009
  contributor:
    fullname: RM Kreider
– volume: 82
  start-page: 352
  year: 2008
  ident: ref90
  article-title: A Unified Association Analysis Approach for Family and Unrelated Samples Correcting for Stratification
  publication-title: Am J Hum Genet
  doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2007.10.009
  contributor:
    fullname: X Zhu
– volume: 47
  start-page: 1228
  year: 2015
  ident: ref55
  article-title: Partitioning heritability by functional annotation using genome-wide association summary statistics
  publication-title: Nat Genet
  doi: 10.1038/ng.3404
  contributor:
    fullname: HK Finucane
– volume: 101
  start-page: 939
  year: 2017
  ident: ref34
  article-title: A Powerful Approach to Estimating Annotation-Stratified Genetic Covariance via GWAS Summary Statistics
  publication-title: Am J Hum Genet
  doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2017.11.001
  contributor:
    fullname: Q Lu
– volume: 50
  start-page: 906
  year: 2018
  ident: ref44
  article-title: Mixed-model association for biobank-scale datasets
  publication-title: Nat Genet
  doi: 10.1038/s41588-018-0144-6
  contributor:
    fullname: P-R Loh
– volume: 95
  start-page: 296
  year: 2000
  ident: ref11
  article-title: Statistics in Animal Breeding
  publication-title: J Am Stat Assoc
  doi: 10.1080/01621459.2000.10473927
  contributor:
    fullname: D Gianola
– volume: 18
  start-page: 117
  year: 2017
  ident: ref61
  article-title: Dissecting the genetics of complex traits using summary association statistics
  publication-title: Nat Rev Genet
  doi: 10.1038/nrg.2016.142
  contributor:
    fullname: B Pasaniuc
– year: 2011
  ident: ref93
  article-title: America’s families and living arrangements: 2012
  publication-title: Am Community Surv
  contributor:
    fullname: J Vespa
– volume: 166
  start-page: 54
  year: 2014
  ident: ref111
  article-title: Single Step, a general approach for genomic selection
  publication-title: Livest Sci
  doi: 10.1016/j.livsci.2014.04.029
  contributor:
    fullname: A Legarra
– volume: 134
  start-page: 178
  year: 2017
  ident: ref20
  article-title: Prediction of complex traits: Conciliating genetics and statistics
  publication-title: J Anim Breed Genet
  doi: 10.1111/jbg.12269
  contributor:
    fullname: E Manfredi
– volume: 177
  start-page: 601
  year: 2018
  ident: ref6
  article-title: The use of electronic health records for psychiatric phenotyping and genomics
  publication-title: Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet
  doi: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32548
  contributor:
    fullname: JW Smoller
– volume: 365
  start-page: 73
  year: 2010
  ident: ref17
  article-title: Understanding and using quantitative genetic variation
  publication-title: Phil Trans R Soc B
  doi: 10.1098/rstb.2009.0203
  contributor:
    fullname: WG Hill
– volume: 275
  start-page: 679
  year: 2008
  ident: ref16
  article-title: Estimation of quantitative genetic parameters
  publication-title: Proc R Soc B Biol Sci
  doi: 10.1098/rspb.2007.1417
  contributor:
    fullname: R Thompson
– volume: 360
  start-page: 171
  year: 2018
  ident: ref1
  article-title: Quantitative analysis of population-scale family trees with millions of relatives
  publication-title: Science
  doi: 10.1126/science.aam9309
  contributor:
    fullname: J Kaplanis
– volume: 83
  start-page: 493
  year: 2002
  ident: ref102
  article-title: Compactly supported correlation functions
  publication-title: J Multivar Anal
  doi: 10.1006/jmva.2001.2056
  contributor:
    fullname: T Gneiting
– volume: 61
  start-page: 331
  year: 1987
  ident: ref103
  article-title: Finite covariance functions
  publication-title: Bull Géod
  doi: 10.1007/BF02520559
  contributor:
    fullname: F Sansò
– volume: 24
  start-page: 1550
  year: 2014
  ident: ref39
  article-title: MultiBLUP: improved SNP-based prediction for complex traits
  publication-title: Genome Res
  doi: 10.1101/gr.169375.113
  contributor:
    fullname: D Speed
– volume: 103
  start-page: 89
  year: 2018
  ident: ref35
  article-title: Estimating SNP-Based Heritability and Genetic Correlation in Case-Control Studies Directly and with Summary Statistics
  publication-title: Am J Hum Genet
  doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2018.06.002
  contributor:
    fullname: O Weissbrod
– volume: 115
  start-page: 247
  year: 1998
  ident: ref12
  article-title: Variance component estimation in animal breeding: a review
  publication-title: J Anim Breed Genet
  doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0388.1998.tb00347.x
  contributor:
    fullname: A Hofer
– volume: 47
  start-page: 284
  year: 2015
  ident: ref43
  article-title: Efficient Bayesian mixed-model analysis increases association power in large cohorts
  publication-title: Nat Genet
  doi: 10.1038/ng.3190
  contributor:
    fullname: P-R Loh
– volume: 70
  start-page: 307
  year: 2000
  ident: ref99
  article-title: A new class of radial basis functions with compact support
  publication-title: Math Comput
  doi: 10.1090/S0025-5718-00-01251-5
  contributor:
    fullname: MD Buhmann
– volume: 11
  start-page: 2027
  year: 2017
  ident: ref56
  article-title: A unified framework for variance component estimation with summary statistics in genome-wide association studies
  publication-title: Ann Appl Stat
  doi: 10.1214/17-AOAS1052
  contributor:
    fullname: X Zhou
– volume: 129
  start-page: 1933
  year: 2016
  ident: ref19
  article-title: Walking through the statistical black boxes of plant breeding
  publication-title: Theor Appl Genet
  doi: 10.1007/s00122-016-2750-y
  contributor:
    fullname: A Xavier
– volume: 2
  start-page: 3
  year: 1972
  ident: ref65
  article-title: The investigation of linkage between a quantitative trait and a marker locus
  publication-title: Behav Genet
  doi: 10.1007/BF01066731
  contributor:
    fullname: J Haseman
– volume: 107
  start-page: 1772
  year: 2010
  ident: ref98
  article-title: Heritability of reproductive fitness traits in a human population
  publication-title: Proc Natl Acad Sci
  doi: 10.1073/pnas.0906196106
  contributor:
    fullname: G Kosova
– volume: 74
  start-page: 570
  year: 1991
  ident: ref76
  article-title: Rapid Inversion of Additive by Additive Relationship Matrices by Including Sire-Dam Combination Effects
  publication-title: J Dairy Sci
  doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(91)78204-0
  contributor:
    fullname: PM VanRaden
– volume: 28
  start-page: 2540
  year: 2012
  ident: ref36
  article-title: Estimation of pleiotropy between complex diseases using single-nucleotide polymorphism-derived genomic relationships and restricted maximum likelihood
  publication-title: Bioinformatics
  doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/bts474
  contributor:
    fullname: SH Lee
– volume: 60
  start-page: 111
  year: 1985
  ident: ref87
  article-title: Best linear unbiased prediction of nonadditive genetic merits
  publication-title: J Anim Sci
  doi: 10.2527/jas1985.601111x
  contributor:
    fullname: C Henderson
– year: 2001
  ident: ref67
  article-title: SciPy: Open source scientific tools for Python
  contributor:
    fullname: E Jones
– volume: 3
  start-page: 792
  year: 2012
  ident: ref94
  article-title: nadiv: an R package to create relatedness matrices for estimating non-additive genetic variances in animal models
  publication-title: Methods Ecol Evol
  doi: 10.1111/j.2041-210X.2012.00213.x
  contributor:
    fullname: ME Wolak
– volume: 15
  start-page: 192
  year: 1959
  ident: ref9
  article-title: The estimation of environmental and genetic trends from records subject to culling
  publication-title: Biometrics
  doi: 10.2307/2527669
  contributor:
    fullname: CR Henderson
– volume: 50
  start-page: 1335
  year: 2018
  ident: ref45
  article-title: Efficiently controlling for case-control imbalance and sample relatedness in large-scale genetic association studies
  publication-title: Nat Genet
  doi: 10.1038/s41588-018-0184-y
  contributor:
    fullname: W Zhou
– volume: 29
  start-page: 311
  year: 1973
  ident: ref53
  article-title: Quadratic Estimation of Variance Components
  publication-title: Biometrics
  doi: 10.2307/2529395
  contributor:
    fullname: LR LaMotte
– volume: 45
  start-page: 984
  year: 2013
  ident: ref37
  article-title: Genetic relationship between five psychiatric disorders estimated from genome-wide SNPs
  publication-title: Nat Genet
  doi: 10.1038/ng.2711
– volume: 34
  start-page: i187
  year: 2018
  ident: ref58
  article-title: A scalable estimator of SNP heritability for biobank-scale data
  publication-title: Bioinformatics
  doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/bty253
  contributor:
    fullname: Y Wu
– volume: 8
  start-page: e80821
  year: 2013
  ident: ref68
  article-title: Employing a Monte Carlo Algorithm in Newton-Type Methods for Restricted Maximum Likelihood Estimation of Genetic Parameters
  publication-title: PLoS ONE
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080821
  contributor:
    fullname: K Matilainen
– year: 1998
  ident: ref10
  article-title: Genetics and Analysis of Quantitative Traits
  contributor:
    fullname: M Lynch
– volume: 50
  start-page: 1593
  year: 2018
  ident: ref46
  article-title: An atlas of genetic associations in UK Biobank
  publication-title: Nat Genet
  doi: 10.1038/s41588-018-0248-z
  contributor:
    fullname: O Canela-Xandri
– volume: 67
  start-page: 112
  year: 1972
  ident: ref52
  article-title: Estimation of Variance and Covariance Components in Linear Models
  publication-title: J Am Stat Assoc
  doi: 10.1080/01621459.1972.10481212
  contributor:
    fullname: CR Rao
– year: 2018
  ident: ref95
  article-title: GENESIS: GENetic EStimation and Inference in Structured samples (GENESIS): Statistical methods for analyzing genetic data from samples with population structure and/or relatedness
  publication-title: GENESIS: GENetic EStimation and Inference in Structured samples (GENESIS): Statistical methods for analyzing genetic data from samples with population structure and/or relatedness
  contributor:
    fullname: MP Conomos
– volume: 32
  start-page: 1420
  year: 2016
  ident: ref29
  article-title: MTG2: an efficient algorithm for multivariate linear mixed model analysis based on genomic information
  publication-title: Bioinformatics
  doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btw012
  contributor:
    fullname: SH Lee
– volume: 12
  start-page: 1662
  year: 2018
  ident: ref57
  article-title: Heritability estimation in case-control studies
  publication-title: Electron J Stat
  doi: 10.1214/18-EJS1424
  contributor:
    fullname: A Bonnet
– volume: 11
  start-page: 459
  year: 2010
  ident: ref42
  article-title: New approaches to population stratification in genome-wide association studies
  publication-title: Nat Rev Genet
  doi: 10.1038/nrg2813
  contributor:
    fullname: AL Price
– volume: 84
  start-page: 800
  year: 2006
  ident: ref105
  article-title: Estimating maternal genetic effects in livestock
  publication-title: J Anim Sci
  doi: 10.2527/2006.844800x
  contributor:
    fullname: P Bijma
– volume: 1
  start-page: 445
  year: 1971
  ident: ref51
  article-title: Minimum variance quadratic unbiased estimation of variance components
  publication-title: J Multivar Anal
  doi: 10.1016/0047-259X(71)90019-4
  contributor:
    fullname: CR Rao
– year: 2008
  ident: ref84
  article-title: Generalized, Linear, and Mixed Models
  contributor:
    fullname: CE McCulloch
– volume: 4
  start-page: 389
  year: 1995
  ident: ref104
  article-title: Piecewise polynomial, positive definite and compactly supported radial functions of minimal degree
  publication-title: Adv Comput Math
  doi: 10.1007/BF02123482
  contributor:
    fullname: H Wendland
– volume: 47
  start-page: 1236
  year: 2015
  ident: ref33
  article-title: An atlas of genetic correlations across human diseases and traits
  publication-title: Nat Genet
  doi: 10.1038/ng.3406
  contributor:
    fullname: B Bulik-Sullivan
– volume: 42
  start-page: 2
  year: 2010
  ident: ref110
  article-title: Genomic prediction when some animals are not genotyped
  publication-title: Genet Sel Evol
  doi: 10.1186/1297-9686-42-2
  contributor:
    fullname: OF Christensen
– volume: 359
  start-page: 424
  year: 2018
  ident: ref106
  article-title: The nature of nurture: Effects of parental genotypes
  publication-title: Science
  doi: 10.1126/science.aan6877
  contributor:
    fullname: A Kong
– volume: 95
  start-page: 383
  year: 2014
  ident: ref40
  article-title: Effective genetic-risk prediction using mixed models
  publication-title: Am J Hum Genet
  doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2014.09.007
  contributor:
    fullname: D Golan
– start-page: 119
  year: 1997
  ident: ref88
  article-title: Implicitly Restarted Arnoldi/Lanczos Methods for Large Scale Eigenvalue Calculations. Parallel Numerical Algorithms
  contributor:
    fullname: DC Sorensen
– volume: 39
  start-page: 859
  year: 1954
  ident: ref74
  article-title: An Extension of the Concept of Partitioning Hereditary Variance for Analysis of Covariances among Relatives When Epistasis Is Present
  publication-title: Genetics
  doi: 10.1093/genetics/39.6.859
  contributor:
    fullname: C Cockerham
– volume: 93
  start-page: 4670
  year: 2015
  ident: ref48
  article-title: Technical note: Acceleration of sparse operations for average-information REML analyses with supernodal methods and sparse-storage refinements
  publication-title: J Anim Sci
  doi: 10.2527/jas.2015-9395
  contributor:
    fullname: Y Masuda
– volume: 11
  start-page: 731
  year: 2017
  ident: ref21
  article-title: Invited review: efficient computation strategies in genomic selection
  publication-title: animal
  doi: 10.1017/S1751731116002366
  contributor:
    fullname: I Misztal
– volume: 95
  start-page: 4728
  year: 2017
  ident: ref25
  article-title: Efficient single-step genomic evaluation for a multibreed beef cattle population having many genotyped animals
  publication-title: J Anim Sci
  doi: 10.2527/jas2017.1912
  contributor:
    fullname: EA Mäntysaari
– volume: 97
  start-page: 576
  year: 2015
  ident: ref41
  article-title: Modeling Linkage Disequilibrium Increases Accuracy of Polygenic Risk Scores
  publication-title: Am J Hum Genet
  doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2015.09.001
  contributor:
    fullname: BJ Vilhjálmsson
– volume: 47
  start-page: 291
  year: 2015
  ident: ref31
  article-title: LD Score regression distinguishes confounding from polygenicity in genome-wide association studies
  publication-title: Nat Genet
  doi: 10.1038/ng.3211
  contributor:
    fullname: BK Bulik-Sullivan
– year: 2018
  ident: ref96
  article-title: coxme: Mixed Effects Cox Models
  contributor:
    fullname: TM Therneau
– volume: 13
  start-page: e1006711
  year: 2017
  ident: ref32
  article-title: Phenome-wide heritability analysis of the UK Biobank
  publication-title: PLOS Genet
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006711
  contributor:
    fullname: T Ge
– volume: 360
  start-page: 1469
  year: 2005
  ident: ref15
  article-title: Estimation of quantitative genetic parameters
  publication-title: Philos Trans R Soc B Biol Sci
  doi: 10.1098/rstb.2005.1676
  contributor:
    fullname: R Thompson
– ident: ref70
– volume: 166
  start-page: 66
  year: 2014
  ident: ref23
  article-title: The development of genomics applied to dairy breeding
  publication-title: Livest Sci
  doi: 10.1016/j.livsci.2014.05.017
  contributor:
    fullname: MVB Silva
– volume: 47
  start-page: 1385
  year: 2015
  ident: ref28
  article-title: Contrasting genetic architectures of schizophrenia and other complex diseases using fast variance-components analysis
  publication-title: Nat Genet
  doi: 10.1038/ng.3431
  contributor:
    fullname: P-R Loh
– volume: 143
  start-page: 103
  year: 1954
  ident: ref75
  article-title: The correlation between relatives in a random mating population
  publication-title: Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci
  doi: 10.1098/rspb.1954.0056
  contributor:
    fullname: O Kempthorne
– volume: 130
  start-page: 1277
  year: 2017
  ident: ref63
  article-title: A fast genomic selection approach for large genomic data
  publication-title: Theor Appl Genet
  doi: 10.1007/s00122-017-2887-3
  contributor:
    fullname: H Liu
– volume: 32
  start-page: 69
  year: 1976
  ident: ref78
  article-title: A Simple Method for Computing the Inverse of a Numerator Relationship Matrix Used in Prediction of Breeding Values
  publication-title: Biometrics
  doi: 10.2307/2529339
  contributor:
    fullname: CR Henderson
– volume: 38
  start-page: 904
  year: 2006
  ident: ref89
  article-title: Principal components analysis corrects for stratification in genome-wide association studies
  publication-title: Nat Genet
  doi: 10.1038/ng1847
  contributor:
    fullname: AL Price
– start-page: 743
  year: 2002
  ident: ref69
  article-title: BLUPF90 and related programs (BGF90)
  publication-title: Proceedings of the 7th world congress on genetics applied to livestock production
  contributor:
    fullname: I Misztal
– volume: 50
  start-page: 1304
  year: 2018
  ident: ref107
  article-title: Relatedness disequilibrium regression estimates heritability without environmental bias
  publication-title: Nat Genet
  doi: 10.1038/s41588-018-0178-9
  contributor:
    fullname: AI Young
– volume: 42
  start-page: 565
  year: 2010
  ident: ref26
  article-title: Common SNPs explain a large proportion of the heritability for human height
  publication-title: Nat Genet
  doi: 10.1038/ng.608
  contributor:
    fullname: J Yang
– volume: 16
  start-page: 33
  year: 2015
  ident: ref85
  article-title: Relatedness in the post-genomic era: is it still useful?
  publication-title: Nat Rev Genet
  doi: 10.1038/nrg3821
  contributor:
    fullname: D Speed
– volume: 9
  start-page: e102715
  year: 2014
  ident: ref62
  article-title: Marker-Based Estimation of Genetic Parameters in Genomics
  publication-title: PLoS ONE
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102715
  contributor:
    fullname: Z Hu
– volume: 20
  start-page: 135
  year: 2019
  ident: ref22
  article-title: Harnessing genomic information for livestock improvement
  publication-title: Nat Rev Genet
  doi: 10.1038/s41576-018-0082-2
  contributor:
    fullname: M Georges
– volume: 86
  start-page: 7
  year: 2017
  ident: ref91
  article-title: Accounting for genetic differences among unknown parents in microevolutionary studies: how to include genetic groups in quantitative genetic animal models
  publication-title: J Anim Ecol
  doi: 10.1111/1365-2656.12597
  contributor:
    fullname: ME Wolak
– volume: 125
  start-page: 723
  year: 1999
  ident: ref101
  article-title: Construction of correlation functions in two and three dimensions
  publication-title: Q J R Meteorol Soc
  doi: 10.1002/qj.49712555417
  contributor:
    fullname: G Gaspari
– volume: 38
  start-page: 1
  year: 2006
  ident: ref47
  article-title: An efficient variance component approach implementing an average information REML suitable for combined LD and linkage mapping with a general complex pedigree
  publication-title: Genet Sel Evol
  contributor:
    fullname: S Lee
SSID ssj0035897
Score 2.4032822
Snippet The rapid digitization of genealogical and medical records enables the assembly of extremely large pedigree records spanning millions of individuals and...
SourceID plos
doaj
pubmedcentral
proquest
gale
crossref
pubmed
SourceType Open Website
Open Access Repository
Aggregation Database
Index Database
StartPage e1008124
SubjectTerms Animals
Biology and Life Sciences
Breeding of animals
Computer science
Computer Simulation
Decomposition
Digitization
Epidemiology
Family
Female
Genealogy
Genealogy and Heraldry
Genetic engineering
Genetic Fitness
Genetics, Population
Heritability
Humans
Linear Models
Longevity - genetics
Male
Medical records
Medical research
Medicine and Health Sciences
Methods
Models, Genetic
Pedigree
Physical Sciences
Plant breeding
Plants - genetics
Population
Quantitative genetics
Reproductive fitness
Research and Analysis Methods
Social Sciences
Software
Sparsity
Trees
SummonAdditionalLinks – databaseName: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
  dbid: DOA
  link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV1LaxRBEG5kQfAivjMatRXB05iZ6eecJEpCFIygRnJrpl9JQGYXZ1fw31vVPTtkJGAO3pbt2mWnqrr6-7brQcir1nGhOO9KIGqs5HWQpYWDqxRR4SWQDDrVwnw6lkcn_OOpOL006gtzwnJ74Ky4PRudC17U1rPAK1dZXzcyAtBwTFS2iSn6Vs2WTOUYzITOY1WEYKUCWj8WzTFV7402erMCA2GOAJ5ws0Mp9e6fIvRi9WM5XAU__86ivHQsHd4ht0c8Sffzc9wlN0J_j9zMEyZ_3ydvD2ALIyjtz-gvoMVoY4pp5MseMyjoRU9X0wgvOoDBAs3_eVC8rh4ekJPDg2_vj8pxZkLpVCPXZQeEz2lQN7dOMi-6JgCockCBPRCXqH0lffSpzZuvQH-MKdH6KLhtQqgrxh6SRQ8_YYdQFjnAh1oH1wV4xayuo5SdDZXnWKpVkHKrNLPKrTFMuh9TQCny0xtUshmVXJB3qNlJFhtbpzfA3GY0t_mXuQvyHO1icpXotD3NvtBKIZ5rC_IySWBzix6zZ866zTCYD5-_X0Po6_F1hL7MhF6PQnEJbuC6sawBdIidtWaSuzNJ2MdutryDrrZV3WAg0gI310LV8Mmt-129_GJaxi_FtLk-LDcoAxGWAWNUBXmUvXVSP-B6QJdaF0TN_Hhmn_lKf3GeGpBLgbfv8vH_MOgTcgswaJtySNtdslj_3ISngPPW9lna0n8AKUpOIQ
  priority: 102
  providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals
– databaseName: Health & Medical Collection
  dbid: 7X7
  link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwjV3da9RAEF_0RPClatU2WnUVwae1STb7kadSpaUKVlAr9xaS3c1ZkCRt7gT_e2c2m2ikSN-O27ljmY_d3-x8EfIqN5lQWVYycNQ4yxInWQUXFxO1wiCQdNrXwnw8lSdn2YelWIYHtz6kVY5noj-obWvwjXwf9A48FS1UctBdMJwahdHVMELjJrmVpHCVgz6r5eRwcaGH4SpCcKbAuQ-lc1wl-0FSbzoQE2YK4D03u5p8B__pnF50P9r-KhD6by7lX5fT8T2yFVAlPRzU4D654ZptcnuYM_lrm9wdZzfQYMoPyMER2Dai1WZFf4K_jMKnmF_eNphaQc8b2k2zvWgPknR0eAyhGMfuH5Kz46Ov705YGKbAjErlmpXgCRoNcsgqI7kVZeoAbRnwjS14NLW2sbS19f3fbBxXKedK5LYWWZU6l8ScPyKLBrawSyivM8AViXamdPCJVzqppSwrF9sMa7giwkY-Ft3QM6PwgTMFvsbAkAL5XgS-R-QtMnuixY7X_ov2clUEAyqq2hhnRVJZ7rLYxJVNUlkD4DRcwHbriDxHURVD-ehkt8Wh0Eoh0Msj8tJTYNeLBtNqVuWm74v3n75dg-jL6XWIPs-IXgeiugXNMGWodwAeYsutGeXejBIM3MyWd1H7Rtb1xR9TgF-OGnn18otpGf8U8-ka126QBo5eDq6kisjOoMAT-wHwA-zUOiJqptoz-cxXmvPvvjO5FBiWl4__v60n5A7AztynjeZ7ZLG-3LinAO3W1TNvv78B6H1Khw
  priority: 102
  providerName: ProQuest
– databaseName: Scholars Portal Journals: Open Access
  dbid: M48
  link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwjV1ba9RAFB7qiuCLeG9q1SiCTylJ5poHKVVaqtAK6krfhmQu20JJ1s1usf_ecybZYGSFfQuZk5A9l5nv7LkR8q4wjEvGygQcNZqwzImkgoMr4V5iEEg4FWphzs7F6ZR9ueAXO2Q9s7VnYLvRtcN5UtPF9cHvX7eHYPAfwtQGma0fOpgDyzHqj2fWHXI3h7MRk7zO2BBXoFx141Y4p4kEd78vpvvfW0aHVejpP-zck_l1026Cpf9mV_51XJ08JA96nBkfdYrxiOy4-jG5102evH1CDo_BtBGs1rP4BtxllH2M6eVNjZkV8VUdz4fRXnELgnRx919IjGHs9imZnhz_-HSa9LMUEiNzsUxKcASNAjGwyghqeZk7AFsGXGMLDo1XNhXW29D-zaZplVMqeWE9Z1XuXJZS-oxMaviEXRJTzwBWZMqZ0sEVrVTmhSgrl1qGJVwRSdZM0_OuZYYOcTMJrkb36zUyWfdMjshH5OxAiw2vw41mMdO9_ejKG-MszypLHUtNWtksFx7wpqEcPtdH5DXKRXfVo4PZ6iOupEScV0TkbaDAphc1ZtXMylXb6s9ff25B9P18G6JvI6L3PZFvQA1M2Zc7AA-x49aIcn9ECfZtRsu7qGpr1rUadmDw2RWXGTy5Vr_Ny2-GZXwpptPVrlkhDey8FDxJGZHnnbYO7Ae8D6hTqYjIkR6P5DNeqa8uQ2NywTEqL_a2YeILch-wZxFyR4t9MlkuVu4l4Ltl9SqY7B9sCEwX
  priority: 102
  providerName: Scholars Portal
Title Estimating variance components in population scale family trees
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31071088
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2251078571
https://search.proquest.com/docview/2231937477
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC6529016
https://doaj.org/article/bfcced51bd3e40c0bd126f054c350b2f
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1008124
Volume 15
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
link http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV1Lb9NAEF61QaBeEO8aSjAIiZMT2_tyTqitUhWkhKpQlJvlfThEah2rTir13zOzfoBRDxWXyMqOrfU8dr7xzswS8nGiGZeMZQEEajRgkRWBAscV8FziJpCwiauFmc3F6QX7uuCLHcLbWhiXtK_ValRcXo2K1S-XW1le6XGbJzY-mx0Ljrt_YrxLdsH9tiF6vfxSntQnqnBOAwkRfVMvR2U0bsQzKkE2mB6Azm2PPAKEA37Wnb3yxzW5Dv7dOj0oL9fVXSD031zKv5zTyRPyuEGV_mE9-6dkxxbPyMP6nMnb5-TzFAwZoWmx9G8gOEZJ-5hMvi4wj8JfFX7ZHeTlVyA269dfPnzctK5ekIuT6Y_j06A5OSHQMhabIIOwTyfAdKa0oIZnsQVopSEQNhC-5IkJhcmNa_ZmwlDFlEo-MTlnKrY2Cil9SQYFTGGf-DRnACKixOrMwhVVSZQLkSkbGoYFWx4JWqalZd0gI3W7ZBICi_rtU-R32vDbI0fI2Y4W21u7P9bXy7QRcqpyra3hkTLUslCHykSxyAFdasphurlH3qFc0rpWtDPS9JAnUiKqm3jkg6PAFhcF5tAss21VpV--_bwH0ff5fYjOe0SfGqJ8DWqgs6a4AXiI_bV6lAc9SrBm3RveR1VrWVelsN6CeiZcRnBnq353D7_vhvGhmDxX2PUWaWCdpRA3So-8qrW1Y3-r-x6RPT3uyac_Albp2pA3Vvj6v-98Q_YAfk5c-ujkgAw211v7FiDeRg3BsBdySB4cTedn50P3oQR-ZywZOmP_Df_pUYc
link.rule.ids 230,314,727,780,784,864,885,2102,2221,12056,21388,24318,27924,27925,31719,31720,33744,33745,43310,43805,53791,53793,73745,74302
linkProvider National Library of Medicine
linkToHtml http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwjV3db9MwED9BJwQvfIyPBQYLCImnbEkd2-nTtKFOHWwFjQ3tzUpsp0yakmxpkfjvuUucQNCE9lbV18q6D_t3vi-A9xMdcxnHaYCOGgviyIogw4sr4LmkIJCwSVMLczwXs7P40zk_dw9utUur7M7E5qA2paY38h3UO_RUEi6j3eoqoKlRFF11IzTuwhp1TucjWNufzr-edGcx40k7XoVzFkh0713xHJPRjpPVdoWColwBuukGl1PTw78_qUfVZVnfBEP_zab863o6eAwPHa7091pFeAJ3bLEO99pJk7_W4VE3vcF3xvwUdqdo3YRXi4X_Ez1mEr9PGeZlQckV_kXhV_10L79GWVq_fQ7xKZJdP4Ozg-npx1ngxikEWo7FMkjRF9QJSiLOtGCGp2OLeEujd2zQp8kTEwqTm6YDnAnDbMyY5BOT8zgbWxuFjD2HUYFb2ACf5TEiiyixOrX4iWVJlAuRZjY0MVVxeRB0fFRV2zVDNaEzid5GyxBFfFeO7x7sE7N7Wup53XxRXi-UMyGV5Vpbw6PMMBuHOsxMNBY5Qk7NOG4392CLRKXaAtLectUeT6QkqDfx4F1DQX0vCkqsWaSrulaHX77fgujb_DZEJwOiD44oL1EzdOoqHpCH1HRrQLk5oEQT14PlDdK-jnW1-mMM-MtOI29eftsv059SRl1hyxXR4OHL0JmUHrxoFbhnP0J-BJ5J4oEcqPZAPsOV4uJH05tccArMi5f_39YW3J-dHh-po8P551fwAEHopEkinWzCaHm9sq8R6C2zN86afwMuH07d
linkToPdf http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwjV1Zb9QwELZgKxAvHOVooNCAkHgyTeLYzj5VLeyq5ViqQlHfrMTHUgklodlF4t8zkziBoAr1bbWeRNac38TjGUJeTnXKZZrmFBI1RtPYClpA4KLcSTwEEjZr78J8XIjD0_TdGT_z9U-NL6vsfWLrqE2l8Rv5LugdZCoZl_Gu82URx2_ne_UPihOk8KTVj9O4TjYgKkbJhGwczBbHJ71fZjzrRq1wzqiEVN9fpGPwRi-31zUIDesGMOqNAlXbz3_w2pP6e9VcBkn_raz8K1TN75LbHmOG-51S3CPXbLlJbnRTJ39tkjv9JIfQG_Z9sjcDS0fsWi7Dn5A9oyqEWG1elVhoEZ6XYT1M-gobkKsNu08jIZ5qNw_I6Xz25c0h9aMVqJaJWNEc8kKdgVTSQgtmeJ5YwF4aMmUD-Y3LTCSMM203OBNFRcKY5FPjeFok1sYRYw_JpIQtbJGQuRRQRpxZnVv4xYosdkLkhY1Mije6AkJ7Pqq666Ch2mM0CZlHxxCFfFee7wE5QGYPtNj_uv2julgqb06qcFpbw-PCMJtGOipMnAgH8FMzDtt1AdlBUanuMulgxWqfZ1Ii7JsG5EVLgT0wStSmZb5uGnX06esViD4vrkJ0MiJ65YlcBZqhc3_7AXiIDbhGlNsjSjB3PVreQu3rWdeoP4YBT_Yaefny82EZX4rVdaWt1kgDjphBYikD8qhT4IH9AP8BhGZZQORItUfyGa-U59_aPuWC4yG9ePz_be2Qm2DI6sPR4v0Tcgvw6LStJ51uk8nqYm2fAuZbFc-8Mf8GFqxTCg
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Estimating+variance+components+in+population+scale+family+trees&rft.jtitle=PLoS+genetics&rft.au=Shor%2C+Tal&rft.au=Kalka%2C+Iris&rft.au=Geiger%2C+Dan&rft.au=Erlich%2C+Yaniv&rft.date=2019-05-09&rft.pub=Public+Library+of+Science&rft.issn=1553-7390&rft.eissn=1553-7404&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=5&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371%2Fjournal.pgen.1008124&rft.externalDBID=ISN&rft.externalDocID=A587702509
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1553-7404&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1553-7404&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1553-7404&client=summon