Ethylhexylglycerin Impairs Membrane Integrity and Enhances the Lethal Effect of Phenoxyethanol

Preservatives are added to cosmetics to protect the consumers from infections and prevent product spoilage. The concentration of preservatives should be kept as low as possible and this can be achieved by adding potentiating agents. The aim of the study was to investigate the mechanisms behind poten...

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Published inPloS one Vol. 11; no. 10; p. e0165228
Main Authors Langsrud, Solveig, Steinhauer, Katrin, Lüthje, Sonja, Weber, Klaus, Goroncy-Bermes, Peter, Holck, Askild L
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States Public Library of Science 26.10.2016
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Abstract Preservatives are added to cosmetics to protect the consumers from infections and prevent product spoilage. The concentration of preservatives should be kept as low as possible and this can be achieved by adding potentiating agents. The aim of the study was to investigate the mechanisms behind potentiation of the bactericidal effect of a commonly used preservative, 2-phenoxyethanol (PE), by the potentiating agent ethylhexylglycerin (EHG). Sub-lethal concentrations of EHG (0.075%) and PE (0.675%) in combination led to rapid killing of E. coli (> 5 log reduction of cfu after 30 min), leakage of cellular constituents, disruption of the energy metabolism, morphological deformities of cells and condensation of DNA. Used alone, EHG disrupted the membrane integrity even at low concentrations. In conclusion, sub-lethal concentrations of EHG potentiate the effect of PE through damage of the cell membrane integrity. Thus, adding EHG to PE in a 1:9 ratio has a similar effect on membrane damage and bacterial viability as doubling the concentration of PE. This study provides insight about the mechanism of action of a strong potentiating agent, EHG, which is commonly used in cosmetics together with PE.
AbstractList Preservatives are added to cosmetics to protect the consumers from infections and prevent product spoilage. The concentration of preservatives should be kept as low as possible and this can be achieved by adding potentiating agents. The aim of the study was to investigate the mechanisms behind potentiation of the bactericidal effect of a commonly used preservative, 2-phenoxyethanol (PE), by the potentiating agent ethylhexylglycerin (EHG). Sub-lethal concentrations of EHG (0.075%) and PE (0.675%) in combination led to rapid killing of E. coli (> 5 log reduction of cfu after 30 min), leakage of cellular constituents, disruption of the energy metabolism, morphological deformities of cells and condensation of DNA. Used alone, EHG disrupted the membrane integrity even at low concentrations. In conclusion, sub-lethal concentrations of EHG potentiate the effect of PE through damage of the cell membrane integrity. Thus, adding EHG to PE in a 1:9 ratio has a similar effect on membrane damage and bacterial viability as doubling the concentration of PE. This study provides insight about the mechanism of action of a strong potentiating agent, EHG, which is commonly used in cosmetics together with PE.
Preservatives are added to cosmetics to protect the consumers from infections and prevent product spoilage. The concentration of preservatives should be kept as low as possible and this can be achieved by adding potentiating agents. The aim of the study was to investigate the mechanisms behind potentiation of the bactericidal effect of a commonly used preservative, 2-phenoxyethanol (PE), by the potentiating agent ethylhexylglycerin (EHG). Sub-lethal concentrations of EHG (0.075%) and PE (0.675%) in combination led to rapid killing of E. coli (> 5 log reduction of cfu after 30 min), leakage of cellular constituents, disruption of the energy metabolism, morphological deformities of cells and condensation of DNA. Used alone, EHG disrupted the membrane integrity even at low concentrations. In conclusion, sub-lethal concentrations of EHG potentiate the effect of PE through damage of the cell membrane integrity. Thus, adding EHG to PE in a 1:9 ratio has a similar effect on membrane damage and bacterial viability as doubling the concentration of PE. This study provides insight about the mechanism of action of a strong potentiating agent, EHG, which is commonly used in cosmetics together with PE.
Preservatives are added to cosmetics to protect the consumers from infections and prevent product spoilage. The concentration of preservatives should be kept as low as possible and this can be achieved by adding potentiating agents. The aim of the study was to investigate the mechanisms behind potentiation of the bactericidal effect of a commonly used preservative, 2-phenoxyethanol (PE), by the potentiating agent ethylhexylglycerin (EHG). Sub-lethal concentrations of EHG (0.075%) and PE (0.675%) in combination led to rapid killing of E . coli (> 5 log reduction of cfu after 30 min), leakage of cellular constituents, disruption of the energy metabolism, morphological deformities of cells and condensation of DNA. Used alone, EHG disrupted the membrane integrity even at low concentrations. In conclusion, sub-lethal concentrations of EHG potentiate the effect of PE through damage of the cell membrane integrity. Thus, adding EHG to PE in a 1:9 ratio has a similar effect on membrane damage and bacterial viability as doubling the concentration of PE. This study provides insight about the mechanism of action of a strong potentiating agent, EHG, which is commonly used in cosmetics together with PE.
Audience Academic
Author Langsrud, Solveig
Goroncy-Bermes, Peter
Holck, Askild L
Weber, Klaus
Lüthje, Sonja
Steinhauer, Katrin
AuthorAffiliation 2 Schülke & Mayr GmbH, Research & Development, Robert-Koch Str. 2, 22851 Norderstedt, Germany
1 Nofima—Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Osloveien 1, N-1430 Aas, Norway
Augusta University Medical College of Georgia, UNITED STATES
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2016 Langsrud et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
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Conceptualization: SL KS SLü KW PG AH. Formal analysis: SL AH. Funding acquisition: PG. Investigation: SL AH. Methodology: SL AH. Project administration: SL PG. Resources: KS SL KW PG. Visualization: SL AH. Writing – original draft: SL AH KS SLü KW PG. Writing – review & editing: SL KS SLü KW PG AH.
Competing Interests: The authors KS, SLü, KW, and PG-B are employees of Schülke & Mayr GmbH and participated in planning, interpretation of results and the decision to publication. This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.
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SSID ssj0053866
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Snippet Preservatives are added to cosmetics to protect the consumers from infections and prevent product spoilage. The concentration of preservatives should be kept...
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StartPage e0165228
SubjectTerms Allergies
Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology
Apoptosis
Biology and Life Sciences
Biosynthesis
Cell Wall - drug effects
Cell Wall - metabolism
Condensates
Cosmetics
Cosmetics - chemistry
Deformation mechanisms
Dehydrogenases
Deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA
Drug Synergism
E coli
Energy Metabolism
Enzymes
Escherichia
Escherichia coli
Escherichia coli - drug effects
Ethylene Glycols - pharmacology
Fisheries
Food
Glyceryl Ethers - pharmacology
Integrity
Low concentrations
Medicine and Health Sciences
Metabolism
Microorganisms
Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
Phenols
Phenoxyethanol
Physical Sciences
Potentiation
Preservatives
Preservatives, Pharmaceutical - pharmacology
R&D
Research & development
Respiration
Skin
Spoilage
Viability
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Title Ethylhexylglycerin Impairs Membrane Integrity and Enhances the Lethal Effect of Phenoxyethanol
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27783695
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https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC5082626
https://doaj.org/article/a447a609e6594c0ea9a0900e2b56d9aa
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0165228
Volume 11
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