Effects of Astragalus polysaccharide on immune responses of porcine PBMC stimulated with PRRSV or CSFV
Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) has been used as an immunomodulator that can enhance immune responses, whereas the immunomodulatory effects of APS on porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) exposed to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and classical swine fever vi...
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| Published in | PloS one Vol. 7; no. 1; p. e29320 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
United States
Public Library of Science
09.01.2012
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
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| Abstract | Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) has been used as an immunomodulator that can enhance immune responses, whereas the immunomodulatory effects of APS on porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) exposed to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and classical swine fever virus (CSFV) have not been investigated.
Porcine PBMCs were cultured in complete RPMI media in the presence of the R98-strain of PRRSV (5×10(4) TCID(50)/ml) or C-strain of CSFV (10(3) TCID(50)/ml) with or without APS. The expression of mRNA for CD28, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), interleukin 2 (IL-2) and IL-10 was assayed by TaqMan real-time RT-PCR. The expression of mRNA for CD28 and CTLA-4 increased at 24 h after stimulation of PBMCs with CSFV and the increased production of CTLA-4 was confirmed by western blot analysis, whereas the increases were inhibited by the addition of APS. In addition, APS alone upregulated IL-2 and TGF-β mRNA expression in PBMCs and the addition of APS had the capacity to prevent a further increase in IL-2 mRNA expression in PBMCs during CSFV or PRRSV infection, but had no effect on TGF-β mRNA expression. The production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) increased at 12 h after stimulation with PRRSV or CSFV, but not with PRRSV plus APS or CSFV plus APS, whereas the addition of APS to PBMCs infected with PRRSV or CSFV promoted IL-10 mRNA expression.
We suggested that APS had immunomodulatory effects on cells exposed to PRRSV or CSFV. It might be that APS via different mechanisms affects the activities of immune cells during either PRRSV or CSFV infection. This possibility warrants further studies to evaluate whether APS would be an effective adjuvant in vaccines against PRRSV or CSFV. |
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| AbstractList | Background
Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) has been used as an immunomodulator that can enhance immune responses, whereas the immunomodulatory effects of APS on porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) exposed to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and classical swine fever virus (CSFV) have not been investigated.
Methodology/Principal Findings
Porcine PBMCs were cultured in complete RPMI media in the presence of the R98-strain of PRRSV (5×10 4 TCID 50 /ml) or C-strain of CSFV (10 3 TCID 50 /ml) with or without APS. The expression of mRNA for CD28, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), interleukin 2 (IL-2) and IL-10 was assayed by TaqMan real-time RT-PCR. The expression of mRNA for CD28 and CTLA-4 increased at 24 h after stimulation of PBMCs with CSFV and the increased production of CTLA-4 was confirmed by western blot analysis, whereas the increases were inhibited by the addition of APS. In addition, APS alone upregulated IL-2 and TGF-β mRNA expression in PBMCs and the addition of APS had the capacity to prevent a further increase in IL-2 mRNA expression in PBMCs during CSFV or PRRSV infection, but had no effect on TGF-β mRNA expression. The production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) increased at 12 h after stimulation with PRRSV or CSFV, but not with PRRSV plus APS or CSFV plus APS, whereas the addition of APS to PBMCs infected with PRRSV or CSFV promoted IL-10 mRNA expression.
Conclusions
We suggested that APS had immunomodulatory effects on cells exposed to PRRSV or CSFV. It might be that APS via different mechanisms affects the activities of immune cells during either PRRSV or CSFV infection. This possibility warrants further studies to evaluate whether APS would be an effective adjuvant in vaccines against PRRSV or CSFV. Background Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) has been used as an immunomodulator that can enhance immune responses, whereas the immunomodulatory effects of APS on porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) exposed to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and classical swine fever virus (CSFV) have not been investigated. Methodology/Principal Findings Porcine PBMCs were cultured in complete RPMI media in the presence of the R98-strain of PRRSV (5×104 TCID50/ml) or C-strain of CSFV (103 TCID50/ml) with or without APS. The expression of mRNA for CD28, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), interleukin 2 (IL-2) and IL-10 was assayed by TaqMan real-time RT-PCR. The expression of mRNA for CD28 and CTLA-4 increased at 24 h after stimulation of PBMCs with CSFV and the increased production of CTLA-4 was confirmed by western blot analysis, whereas the increases were inhibited by the addition of APS. In addition, APS alone upregulated IL-2 and TGF-β mRNA expression in PBMCs and the addition of APS had the capacity to prevent a further increase in IL-2 mRNA expression in PBMCs during CSFV or PRRSV infection, but had no effect on TGF-β mRNA expression. The production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) increased at 12 h after stimulation with PRRSV or CSFV, but not with PRRSV plus APS or CSFV plus APS, whereas the addition of APS to PBMCs infected with PRRSV or CSFV promoted IL-10 mRNA expression. Conclusions We suggested that APS had immunomodulatory effects on cells exposed to PRRSV or CSFV. It might be that APS via different mechanisms affects the activities of immune cells during either PRRSV or CSFV infection. This possibility warrants further studies to evaluate whether APS would be an effective adjuvant in vaccines against PRRSV or CSFV. Background Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) has been used as an immunomodulator that can enhance immune responses, whereas the immunomodulatory effects of APS on porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) exposed to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and classical swine fever virus (CSFV) have not been investigated. Methodology/Principal Findings Porcine PBMCs were cultured in complete RPMI media in the presence of the R98-strain of PRRSV (5x10.sup.4 TCID.sub.50 /ml) or C-strain of CSFV (10.sup.3 TCID.sub.50 /ml) with or without APS. The expression of mRNA for CD28, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4), transforming growth factor-[beta] (TGF-[beta]), interleukin 2 (IL-2) and IL-10 was assayed by TaqMan real-time RT-PCR. The expression of mRNA for CD28 and CTLA-4 increased at 24 h after stimulation of PBMCs with CSFV and the increased production of CTLA-4 was confirmed by western blot analysis, whereas the increases were inhibited by the addition of APS. In addition, APS alone upregulated IL-2 and TGF-[beta] mRNA expression in PBMCs and the addition of APS had the capacity to prevent a further increase in IL-2 mRNA expression in PBMCs during CSFV or PRRSV infection, but had no effect on TGF-[beta] mRNA expression. The production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-[alpha]) increased at 12 h after stimulation with PRRSV or CSFV, but not with PRRSV plus APS or CSFV plus APS, whereas the addition of APS to PBMCs infected with PRRSV or CSFV promoted IL-10 mRNA expression. Conclusions We suggested that APS had immunomodulatory effects on cells exposed to PRRSV or CSFV. It might be that APS via different mechanisms affects the activities of immune cells during either PRRSV or CSFV infection. This possibility warrants further studies to evaluate whether APS would be an effective adjuvant in vaccines against PRRSV or CSFV. Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) has been used as an immunomodulator that can enhance immune responses, whereas the immunomodulatory effects of APS on porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) exposed to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and classical swine fever virus (CSFV) have not been investigated. Porcine PBMCs were cultured in complete RPMI media in the presence of the R98-strain of PRRSV (5104 TCID50/ml) or C-strain of CSFV (103 TCID50/ml) with or without APS. The expression of mRNA for CD28, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4), transforming growth factor- beta (TGF- beta ), interleukin 2 (IL-2) and IL-10 was assayed by TaqMan real-time RT-PCR. The expression of mRNA for CD28 and CTLA-4 increased at 24 h after stimulation of PBMCs with CSFV and the increased production of CTLA-4 was confirmed by western blot analysis, whereas the increases were inhibited by the addition of APS. In addition, APS alone upregulated IL-2 and TGF- beta mRNA expression in PBMCs and the addition of APS had the capacity to prevent a further increase in IL-2 mRNA expression in PBMCs during CSFV or PRRSV infection, but had no effect on TGF- beta mRNA expression. The production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF- alpha ) increased at 12 h after stimulation with PRRSV or CSFV, but not with PRRSV plus APS or CSFV plus APS, whereas the addition of APS to PBMCs infected with PRRSV or CSFV promoted IL-10 mRNA expression. We suggested that APS had immunomodulatory effects on cells exposed to PRRSV or CSFV. It might be that APS via different mechanisms affects the activities of immune cells during either PRRSV or CSFV infection. This possibility warrants further studies to evaluate whether APS would be an effective adjuvant in vaccines against PRRSV or CSFV. BACKGROUND: Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) has been used as an immunomodulator that can enhance immune responses, whereas the immunomodulatory effects of APS on porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) exposed to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and classical swine fever virus (CSFV) have not been investigated. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Porcine PBMCs were cultured in complete RPMI media in the presence of the R98-strain of PRRSV (5×10(4) TCID(50)/ml) or C-strain of CSFV (10(3) TCID(50)/ml) with or without APS. The expression of mRNA for CD28, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), interleukin 2 (IL-2) and IL-10 was assayed by TaqMan real-time RT-PCR. The expression of mRNA for CD28 and CTLA-4 increased at 24 h after stimulation of PBMCs with CSFV and the increased production of CTLA-4 was confirmed by western blot analysis, whereas the increases were inhibited by the addition of APS. In addition, APS alone upregulated IL-2 and TGF-β mRNA expression in PBMCs and the addition of APS had the capacity to prevent a further increase in IL-2 mRNA expression in PBMCs during CSFV or PRRSV infection, but had no effect on TGF-β mRNA expression. The production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) increased at 12 h after stimulation with PRRSV or CSFV, but not with PRRSV plus APS or CSFV plus APS, whereas the addition of APS to PBMCs infected with PRRSV or CSFV promoted IL-10 mRNA expression. CONCLUSIONS: We suggested that APS had immunomodulatory effects on cells exposed to PRRSV or CSFV. It might be that APS via different mechanisms affects the activities of immune cells during either PRRSV or CSFV infection. This possibility warrants further studies to evaluate whether APS would be an effective adjuvant in vaccines against PRRSV or CSFV. Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) has been used as an immunomodulator that can enhance immune responses, whereas the immunomodulatory effects of APS on porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) exposed to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and classical swine fever virus (CSFV) have not been investigated. Porcine PBMCs were cultured in complete RPMI media in the presence of the R98-strain of PRRSV (5×10(4) TCID(50)/ml) or C-strain of CSFV (10(3) TCID(50)/ml) with or without APS. The expression of mRNA for CD28, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), interleukin 2 (IL-2) and IL-10 was assayed by TaqMan real-time RT-PCR. The expression of mRNA for CD28 and CTLA-4 increased at 24 h after stimulation of PBMCs with CSFV and the increased production of CTLA-4 was confirmed by western blot analysis, whereas the increases were inhibited by the addition of APS. In addition, APS alone upregulated IL-2 and TGF-β mRNA expression in PBMCs and the addition of APS had the capacity to prevent a further increase in IL-2 mRNA expression in PBMCs during CSFV or PRRSV infection, but had no effect on TGF-β mRNA expression. The production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) increased at 12 h after stimulation with PRRSV or CSFV, but not with PRRSV plus APS or CSFV plus APS, whereas the addition of APS to PBMCs infected with PRRSV or CSFV promoted IL-10 mRNA expression. We suggested that APS had immunomodulatory effects on cells exposed to PRRSV or CSFV. It might be that APS via different mechanisms affects the activities of immune cells during either PRRSV or CSFV infection. This possibility warrants further studies to evaluate whether APS would be an effective adjuvant in vaccines against PRRSV or CSFV. Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) has been used as an immunomodulator that can enhance immune responses, whereas the immunomodulatory effects of APS on porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) exposed to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and classical swine fever virus (CSFV) have not been investigated. Porcine PBMCs were cultured in complete RPMI media in the presence of the R98-strain of PRRSV (5x10.sup.4 TCID.sub.50 /ml) or C-strain of CSFV (10.sup.3 TCID.sub.50 /ml) with or without APS. The expression of mRNA for CD28, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4), transforming growth factor-[beta] (TGF-[beta]), interleukin 2 (IL-2) and IL-10 was assayed by TaqMan real-time RT-PCR. The expression of mRNA for CD28 and CTLA-4 increased at 24 h after stimulation of PBMCs with CSFV and the increased production of CTLA-4 was confirmed by western blot analysis, whereas the increases were inhibited by the addition of APS. In addition, APS alone upregulated IL-2 and TGF-[beta] mRNA expression in PBMCs and the addition of APS had the capacity to prevent a further increase in IL-2 mRNA expression in PBMCs during CSFV or PRRSV infection, but had no effect on TGF-[beta] mRNA expression. The production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-[alpha]) increased at 12 h after stimulation with PRRSV or CSFV, but not with PRRSV plus APS or CSFV plus APS, whereas the addition of APS to PBMCs infected with PRRSV or CSFV promoted IL-10 mRNA expression. We suggested that APS had immunomodulatory effects on cells exposed to PRRSV or CSFV. It might be that APS via different mechanisms affects the activities of immune cells during either PRRSV or CSFV infection. This possibility warrants further studies to evaluate whether APS would be an effective adjuvant in vaccines against PRRSV or CSFV. |
| Audience | Academic |
| Author | Wang, Jiu-Feng Liu, Pan-Qi Zhu, Yao-Hong Zhang, Rong Yan, Xiao-Dong Yue, Yuan Zhuge, Zeng-Yu Weng, Xiao-Gang |
| AuthorAffiliation | Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong – name: College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Zeng-Yu surname: Zhuge fullname: Zhuge, Zeng-Yu organization: College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China – sequence: 2 givenname: Yao-Hong surname: Zhu fullname: Zhu, Yao-Hong – sequence: 3 givenname: Pan-Qi surname: Liu fullname: Liu, Pan-Qi – sequence: 4 givenname: Xiao-Dong surname: Yan fullname: Yan, Xiao-Dong – sequence: 5 givenname: Yuan surname: Yue fullname: Yue, Yuan – sequence: 6 givenname: Xiao-Gang surname: Weng fullname: Weng, Xiao-Gang – sequence: 7 givenname: Rong surname: Zhang fullname: Zhang, Rong – sequence: 8 givenname: Jiu-Feng surname: Wang fullname: Wang, Jiu-Feng |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22253710$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Copyright | COPYRIGHT 2012 Public Library of Science 2012 Zhuge et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. Zhuge et al. 2012 |
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| DOI | 10.1371/journal.pone.0029320 |
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| Notes | ObjectType-Article-2 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-1 content type line 23 Conceived and designed the experiments: ZYZ YHZ PQL JFW. Performed the experiments: ZYZ YHZ XDY XGW JFW. Analyzed the data: YHZ ZYZ YY. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: YHZ ZYZ PQL RZ. Wrote the paper: ZYZ YHZ JFW. |
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| Snippet | Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) has been used as an immunomodulator that can enhance immune responses, whereas the immunomodulatory effects of APS on porcine... Background Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) has been used as an immunomodulator that can enhance immune responses, whereas the immunomodulatory effects of APS... BACKGROUND: Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) has been used as an immunomodulator that can enhance immune responses, whereas the immunomodulatory effects of APS... Background Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) has been used as an immunomodulator that can enhance immune responses, whereas the immunomodulatory effects of APS... |
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| SubjectTerms | Animals Antigens Astragalus B cells Biology Bone morphogenetic proteins CD28 antigen CD28 Antigens - genetics CD28 Antigens - metabolism Cell Proliferation - drug effects Classical swine fever virus Classical swine fever virus - drug effects Classical swine fever virus - immunology CTLA-4 Antigen - genetics CTLA-4 Antigen - metabolism CTLA-4 protein Cytokines - genetics Cytokines - metabolism Cytotoxicity Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Fever Gene expression Gene Expression Regulation - drug effects Hog cholera Hogs Immune response Immune system Immunity - drug effects Immunomodulation Immunotherapy Infections Interleukin 10 Interleukin 2 Interleukins Leukocytes (mononuclear) Leukocytes, Mononuclear - drug effects Leukocytes, Mononuclear - immunology Leukocytes, Mononuclear - pathology Livestock Lymphocyte Activation - drug effects Lymphocytes Lymphocytes T Medicine Messenger RNA Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae Peripheral blood mononuclear cells Polymerase chain reaction Polysaccharides Polysaccharides - pharmacology Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus - drug effects Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus - immunology RNA, Messenger - genetics RNA, Messenger - metabolism Stimulation Subcellular Fractions - drug effects Subcellular Fractions - metabolism Sus scrofa - immunology Sus scrofa - virology Swine T cell receptors Transforming growth factor Transforming growth factor-b Transforming growth factors Tumor necrosis factor-α Vaccines Veterinary colleges Veterinary Science Viruses |
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| Title | Effects of Astragalus polysaccharide on immune responses of porcine PBMC stimulated with PRRSV or CSFV |
| URI | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22253710 https://www.proquest.com/docview/1322465295 https://search.proquest.com/docview/923195330 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC3253776 https://doaj.org/article/178dfbe08fff47ab85edecdffeac19a6 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0029320 |
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