Changes in phase angle and body composition induced by resistance training in older women
Background: Resistance training (RT) has selective effects on body composition that may counteract the deleterious effects of aging. Changes in phase angle (PhA) may serve to monitor the influence of RT in older people. Objectives: To describe the effect of RT in training, detraining and retraining...
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Published in | European journal of clinical nutrition Vol. 70; no. 12; pp. 1408 - 1413 |
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Main Authors | , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
London
Nature Publishing Group UK
01.12.2016
Nature Publishing Group |
Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
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Abstract | Background:
Resistance training (RT) has selective effects on body composition that may counteract the deleterious effects of aging. Changes in phase angle (PhA) may serve to monitor the influence of RT in older people.
Objectives:
To describe the effect of RT in training, detraining and retraining on body composition, including PhA in older women.
Subjects/methods:
Thirty-three older women (⩾60 years old) participated. The RT program was carried out over 12 weeks for each stage (training, detraining and retraining). Whole-body fat-free mass and fat mass (FM) and appendicular lean soft tissue (ALST) measurements were carried out using a dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Bioimpedance spectroscopy was used to estimate total body water (TBW), intra (ICF) and extracellular (ECF) fluids, whole-body resistance (
R
) and reactance (Xc) and PhA. Upper and lower body muscle strength were also assessed.
Results:
From baseline to after training muscle strength, ALST and PhA significantly (
P
<0.05) increased. In detraining, significant (
P
<0.05) reductions in muscle strength, TBW, ECF, ICF and PhA along with significant (
P
<0.05) increases in
R
were observed, with the greatest magnitude observed for PhA (Δ=−7.6%). From detraining to retraining a significant reduction in FM along with increases in Xc, PhA and muscle strength were observed. Although an increase was observed from detraining to retraining in PhA, the values were still lower than baseline PhA.
Conclusions:
In untrained older women, a RT is associated with increases in PhA, whereas detraining results in a marked decrease in PhA, and more time may be required in retraining to counteract the negative influence of absence of exercise stimulus. |
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AbstractList | Background:Resistance training (RT) has selective effects on body composition that may counteract the deleterious effects of aging. Changes in phase angle (PhA) may serve to monitor the influence of RT in older people.Objectives:To describe the effect of RT in training, detraining and retraining on body composition, including PhA in older women.Subjects/methods:Thirty-three older women (⩾60 years old) participated. The RT program was carried out over 12 weeks for each stage (training, detraining and retraining). Whole-body fat-free mass and fat mass (FM) and appendicular lean soft tissue (ALST) measurements were carried out using a dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Bioimpedance spectroscopy was used to estimate total body water (TBW), intra (ICF) and extracellular (ECF) fluids, whole-body resistance (R) and reactance (Xc) and PhA. Upper and lower body muscle strength were also assessed.Results:From baseline to after training muscle strength, ALST and PhA significantly (P<0.05) increased. In detraining, significant (P<0.05) reductions in muscle strength, TBW, ECF, ICF and PhA along with significant (P<0.05) increases in R were observed, with the greatest magnitude observed for PhA (Δ=−7.6%). From detraining to retraining a significant reduction in FM along with increases in Xc, PhA and muscle strength were observed. Although an increase was observed from detraining to retraining in PhA, the values were still lower than baseline PhA.Conclusions:In untrained older women, a RT is associated with increases in PhA, whereas detraining results in a marked decrease in PhA, and more time may be required in retraining to counteract the negative influence of absence of exercise stimulus. Resistance training (RT) has selective effects on body composition that may counteract the deleterious effects of aging. Changes in phase angle (PhA) may serve to monitor the influence of RT in older people. Background: Resistance training (RT) has selective effects on body composition that may counteract the deleterious effects of aging. Changes in phase angle (PhA) may serve to monitor the influence of RT in older people. Objectives: To describe the effect of RT in training, detraining and retraining on body composition, including PhA in older women. Subjects/methods: Thirty-three older women ([greater-than or slanted equal to]60 years old) participated. The RT program was carried out over 12 weeks for each stage (training, detraining and retraining). Whole-body fat-free mass and fat mass (FM) and appendicular lean soft tissue (ALST) measurements were carried out using a dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Bioimpedance spectroscopy was used to estimate total body water (TBW), intra (ICF) and extracellular (ECF) fluids, whole-body resistance (R) and reactance (Xc) and PhA. Upper and lower body muscle strength were also assessed. Results: From baseline to after training muscle strength, ALST and PhA significantly (P<0.05) increased. In detraining, significant (P<0.05) reductions in muscle strength, TBW, ECF, ICF and PhA along with significant (P<0.05) increases in R were observed, with the greatest magnitude observed for PhA ([DELTA]=-7.6%). From detraining to retraining a significant reduction in FM along with increases in Xc, PhA and muscle strength were observed. Although an increase was observed from detraining to retraining in PhA, the values were still lower than baseline PhA. Conclusions: In untrained older women, a RT is associated with increases in PhA, whereas detraining results in a marked decrease in PhA, and more time may be required in retraining to counteract the negative influence of absence of exercise stimulus. Background: Resistance training (RT) has selective effects on body composition that may counteract the deleterious effects of aging. Changes in phase angle (PhA) may serve to monitor the influence of RT in older people. Objectives: To describe the effect of RT in training, detraining and retraining on body composition, including PhA in older women. Subjects/methods: Thirty-three older women (⩾60 years old) participated. The RT program was carried out over 12 weeks for each stage (training, detraining and retraining). Whole-body fat-free mass and fat mass (FM) and appendicular lean soft tissue (ALST) measurements were carried out using a dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Bioimpedance spectroscopy was used to estimate total body water (TBW), intra (ICF) and extracellular (ECF) fluids, whole-body resistance ( R ) and reactance (Xc) and PhA. Upper and lower body muscle strength were also assessed. Results: From baseline to after training muscle strength, ALST and PhA significantly ( P <0.05) increased. In detraining, significant ( P <0.05) reductions in muscle strength, TBW, ECF, ICF and PhA along with significant ( P <0.05) increases in R were observed, with the greatest magnitude observed for PhA (Δ=−7.6%). From detraining to retraining a significant reduction in FM along with increases in Xc, PhA and muscle strength were observed. Although an increase was observed from detraining to retraining in PhA, the values were still lower than baseline PhA. Conclusions: In untrained older women, a RT is associated with increases in PhA, whereas detraining results in a marked decrease in PhA, and more time may be required in retraining to counteract the negative influence of absence of exercise stimulus. Resistance training (RT) has selective effects on body composition that may counteract the deleterious effects of aging. Changes in phase angle (PhA) may serve to monitor the influence of RT in older people. To describe the effect of RT in training, detraining and retraining on body composition, including PhA in older women. From baseline to after training muscle strength, ALST and PhA significantly (P [less than] 0.05) increased. In detraining, significant (P [less than] 0.05) reductions in muscle strength, TBW, ECF, ICF and PhA along with significant (P [less than] 0.05) increases in R were observed, with the greatest magnitude observed for PhA ([DELTA]=-7.6%). From detraining to retraining a significant reduction in FM along with increases in Xc, PhA and muscle strength were observed. Although an increase was observed from detraining to retraining in PhA, the values were still lower than baseline PhA. In untrained older women, a RT is associated with increases in PhA, whereas detraining results in a marked decrease in PhA, and more time may be required in retraining to counteract the negative influence of absence of exercise stimulus. Resistance training (RT) has selective effects on body composition that may counteract the deleterious effects of aging. Changes in phase angle (PhA) may serve to monitor the influence of RT in older people. To describe the effect of RT in training, detraining and retraining on body composition, including PhA in older women. From baseline to after training muscle strength, ALST and PhA significantly (P<0.05) increased. In detraining, significant (P<0.05) reductions in muscle strength, TBW, ECF, ICF and PhA along with significant (P<0.05) increases in R were observed, with the greatest magnitude observed for PhA ([DELTA]=-7.6%). From detraining to retraining a significant reduction in FM along with increases in Xc, PhA and muscle strength were observed. Although an increase was observed from detraining to retraining in PhA, the values were still lower than baseline PhA. In untrained older women, a RT is associated with increases in PhA, whereas detraining results in a marked decrease in PhA, and more time may be required in retraining to counteract the negative influence of absence of exercise stimulus. BACKGROUNDResistance training (RT) has selective effects on body composition that may counteract the deleterious effects of aging. Changes in phase angle (PhA) may serve to monitor the influence of RT in older people.OBJECTIVESTo describe the effect of RT in training, detraining and retraining on body composition, including PhA in older women.SUBJECTS/METHODSThirty-three older women (⩾60 years old) participated. The RT program was carried out over 12 weeks for each stage (training, detraining and retraining). Whole-body fat-free mass and fat mass (FM) and appendicular lean soft tissue (ALST) measurements were carried out using a dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Bioimpedance spectroscopy was used to estimate total body water (TBW), intra (ICF) and extracellular (ECF) fluids, whole-body resistance (R) and reactance (Xc) and PhA. Upper and lower body muscle strength were also assessed.RESULTSFrom baseline to after training muscle strength, ALST and PhA significantly (P<0.05) increased. In detraining, significant (P<0.05) reductions in muscle strength, TBW, ECF, ICF and PhA along with significant (P<0.05) increases in R were observed, with the greatest magnitude observed for PhA (Δ=-7.6%). From detraining to retraining a significant reduction in FM along with increases in Xc, PhA and muscle strength were observed. Although an increase was observed from detraining to retraining in PhA, the values were still lower than baseline PhA.CONCLUSIONSIn untrained older women, a RT is associated with increases in PhA, whereas detraining results in a marked decrease in PhA, and more time may be required in retraining to counteract the negative influence of absence of exercise stimulus. Resistance training (RT) has selective effects on body composition that may counteract the deleterious effects of aging. Changes in phase angle (PhA) may serve to monitor the influence of RT in older people. To describe the effect of RT in training, detraining and retraining on body composition, including PhA in older women. Thirty-three older women (⩾60 years old) participated. The RT program was carried out over 12 weeks for each stage (training, detraining and retraining). Whole-body fat-free mass and fat mass (FM) and appendicular lean soft tissue (ALST) measurements were carried out using a dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Bioimpedance spectroscopy was used to estimate total body water (TBW), intra (ICF) and extracellular (ECF) fluids, whole-body resistance (R) and reactance (Xc) and PhA. Upper and lower body muscle strength were also assessed. From baseline to after training muscle strength, ALST and PhA significantly (P<0.05) increased. In detraining, significant (P<0.05) reductions in muscle strength, TBW, ECF, ICF and PhA along with significant (P<0.05) increases in R were observed, with the greatest magnitude observed for PhA (Δ=-7.6%). From detraining to retraining a significant reduction in FM along with increases in Xc, PhA and muscle strength were observed. Although an increase was observed from detraining to retraining in PhA, the values were still lower than baseline PhA. In untrained older women, a RT is associated with increases in PhA, whereas detraining results in a marked decrease in PhA, and more time may be required in retraining to counteract the negative influence of absence of exercise stimulus. Background: Resistance training (RT) has selective effects on body composition that may counteract the deleterious effects of aging. Changes in phase angle (PhA) may serve to monitor the influence of RT in older people. Objectives: To describe the effect of RT in training, detraining and retraining on body composition, including PhA in older women.Subjects/ methods: Thirty-three older women ([egs]60 years old) participated. The RT program was carried out over 12 weeks for each stage (training, detraining and retraining). Whole-body fat-free mass and fat mass (FM) and appendicular lean soft tissue (ALST) measurements were carried out using a dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Bioimpedance spectroscopy was used to estimate total body water (TBW), intra (ICF) and extracellular (ECF) fluids, whole-body resistance (R) and reactance (Xc) and PhA. Upper and lower body muscle strength were also assessed. Results: From baseline to after training muscle strength, ALST and PhA significantly (P<0.05) increased. In detraining, significant (P<0.05) reductions in muscle strength, TBW, ECF, ICF and PhA along with significant (P<0.05) increases in R were observed, with the greatest magnitude observed for PhA ( Delta =-7.6%). From detraining to retraining a significant reduction in FM along with increases in Xc, PhA and muscle strength were observed. Although an increase was observed from detraining to retraining in PhA, the values were still lower than baseline PhA. Conclusions: In untrained older women, a RT is associated with increases in PhA, whereas detraining results in a marked decrease in PhA, and more time may be required in retraining to counteract the negative influence of absence of exercise stimulus. Background: Resistance training (RT) has selective effects on body composition that may counteract the deleterious effects of aging. Changes in phase angle (PhA) may serve to monitor the influence of RT in older people. Objectives: To describe the effect of RT in training, detraining and retraining on body composition, including PhA in older women. Subjects/methods: Thirty-three older women ([succeeds/equal to]60 years old) participated. The RT program was carried out over 12 weeks for each stage (training, detraining and retraining). Whole-body fat-free mass and fat mass (FM) and appendicular lean soft tissue (ALST) measurements were carried out using a dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Bioimpedance spectroscopy was used to estimate total body water (TBW), intra (ICF) and extracellular (ECF) fluids, whole-body resistance (R) and reactance (Xc) and PhA. Upper and lower body muscle strength were also assessed. Results: From baseline to after training muscle strength, ALST and PhA significantly (P [less than] 0.05) increased. In detraining, significant (P [less than] 0.05) reductions in muscle strength, TBW, ECF, ICF and PhA along with significant (P [less than] 0.05) increases in R were observed, with the greatest magnitude observed for PhA ([DELTA]=-7.6%). From detraining to retraining a significant reduction in FM along with increases in Xc, PhA and muscle strength were observed. Although an increase was observed from detraining to retraining in PhA, the values were still lower than baseline PhA. Conclusions: In untrained older women, a RT is associated with increases in PhA, whereas detraining results in a marked decrease in PhA, and more time may be required in retraining to counteract the negative influence of absence of exercise stimulus. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2016) 70, 1408-1413; doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2016.124; published online 13 July 2016 |
Audience | Professional Academic |
Author | dos Santos, L Antunes, M Sardinha, L B Cyrino, E S Santos, D A |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: L surname: dos Santos fullname: dos Santos, L organization: Study and Research Group in Metabolism, Nutrition and Exercise GEPEMENE, State University of Londrina—UEL – sequence: 2 givenname: E S surname: Cyrino fullname: Cyrino, E S organization: Study and Research Group in Metabolism, Nutrition and Exercise GEPEMENE, State University of Londrina—UEL – sequence: 3 givenname: M surname: Antunes fullname: Antunes, M organization: Study and Research Group in Metabolism, Nutrition and Exercise GEPEMENE, State University of Londrina—UEL – sequence: 4 givenname: D A surname: Santos fullname: Santos, D A organization: Department of Sports and Health, Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa – sequence: 5 givenname: L B surname: Sardinha fullname: Sardinha, L B email: lsardinha@fmh.ulisboa.pt organization: Department of Sports and Health, Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa |
BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27406159$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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Copyright | Macmillan Publishers Limited 2016 COPYRIGHT 2016 Nature Publishing Group Copyright Nature Publishing Group Dec 2016 Macmillan Publishers Limited 2016. |
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References | Wilhelm-Leen, Hall, Horwitz, Chertow (CR14) 2014; 29 Peterson, Sen, Gordon (CR5) 2011; 43 CR17 (CR20) 2009; 41 Kyle, Bosaeus, De Lorenzo, Deurenberg, Elia, Manuel Gomez (CR7) 2004; 23 Ruiz (CR13) 2014; 29 Peterson, Rhea, Sen, Gordon (CR4) 2010; 9 Norman, Wirth, Neubauer, Eckardt, Stobaus (CR12) 2015; 16 Phillips (CR2) 2007; 32 Rondanelli, Klersy, Terracol, Talluri, Maugeri, Guido (CR25) 2016; 103 Lukaski (CR8) 2013; 67 Kyle, Bosaeus, De Lorenzo, Deurenberg, Elia, Gomez (CR6) 2004; 23 Amarante do Nascimento, Januario, Gerage, Mayhew, Cheche Pina, Cyrino (CR19) 2013; 27 Taaffe, Henwood, Nalls, Walker, Lang, Harris (CR11) 2009; 55 Piccoli, Nigrelli, Caberlotto, Bottazzo, Rossi, Pillon (CR18) 1995; 61 Garber, Blissmer, Deschenes, Franklin, Lamonte, Lee (CR21) 2011; 43 Bosy-Westphal, Danielzik, Dorhofer, Later, Wiese, Muller (CR22) 2006; 30 Peterson, Gordon (CR3) 2011; 124 Marini, Buffa, Saragat, Coin, Toffanello, Berton (CR10) 2012; 7 Norman, Stobaus, Pirlich, Bosy-Westphal (CR23) 2012; 31 CR24 Beberashvili, Azar, Sinuani, Kadoshi, Shapiro, Feldman (CR15) 2014; 30 Hurley, Hanson, Sheaff (CR1) 2011; 41 Basile, Della-Morte, Cacciatore, Gargiulo, Galizia, Roselli (CR9) 2014; 58 Beberashvili, Azar, Sinuani, Shapiro, Feldman, Stav (CR16) 2014; 68 21425888 - Sports Med. 2011 Apr 1;41(4):289-306 24484680 - Nutrition. 2014 Mar;30(3):297-304 24002625 - J Gen Intern Med. 2014 Jan;29(1):147-54 7840061 - Am J Clin Nutr. 1995 Feb;61(2):269-70 26864356 - Am J Clin Nutr. 2016 Mar;103(3):830-40 23269864 - Clin Interv Aging. 2012;7:585-91 16804128 - JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2006 Jul-Aug;30(4):309-16 22698802 - Clin Nutr. 2012 Dec;31(6):854-61 15556267 - Clin Nutr. 2004 Dec;23(6):1430-53 15380917 - Clin Nutr. 2004 Oct;23(5):1226-43 24101535 - J Gen Intern Med. 2014 Jan;29(1):183 24736681 - Eur J Clin Nutr. 2014 Jun;68(6):683-9 11234459 - World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser. 2000;894:i-xii, 1-253 25034911 - Exp Gerontol. 2014 Oct;58:43-6 22990569 - J Strength Cond Res. 2013 Jun;27(6):1636-42 20385254 - Ageing Res Rev. 2010 Jul;9(3):226-37 20543750 - Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2011 Feb;43(2):249-58 23299867 - Eur J Clin Nutr. 2013 Jan;67 Suppl 1:S2-9 19204579 - Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2009 Mar;41(3):687-708 21396499 - Am J Med. 2011 Mar;124(3):194-8 25499428 - J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2015 Feb;16(2):173.e17-22 18059595 - Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2007 Dec;32(6):1198-205 21694556 - Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2011 Jul;43(7):1334-59 19060453 - Gerontology. 2009;55(2):217-23 E Marini (BFejcn2016124_CR10) 2012; 7 K Norman (BFejcn2016124_CR23) 2012; 31 UG Kyle (BFejcn2016124_CR7) 2004; 23 M Ruiz (BFejcn2016124_CR13) 2014; 29 A Bosy-Westphal (BFejcn2016124_CR22) 2006; 30 HC Lukaski (BFejcn2016124_CR8) 2013; 67 American College of Sports Medicine (BFejcn2016124_CR20) 2009; 41 DR Taaffe (BFejcn2016124_CR11) 2009; 55 BF Hurley (BFejcn2016124_CR1) 2011; 41 MD Peterson (BFejcn2016124_CR3) 2011; 124 MD Peterson (BFejcn2016124_CR5) 2011; 43 K Norman (BFejcn2016124_CR12) 2015; 16 M Rondanelli (BFejcn2016124_CR25) 2016; 103 I Beberashvili (BFejcn2016124_CR16) 2014; 68 BFejcn2016124_CR17 UG Kyle (BFejcn2016124_CR6) 2004; 23 I Beberashvili (BFejcn2016124_CR15) 2014; 30 CE Garber (BFejcn2016124_CR21) 2011; 43 ER Wilhelm-Leen (BFejcn2016124_CR14) 2014; 29 A Piccoli (BFejcn2016124_CR18) 1995; 61 M Amarante do Nascimento (BFejcn2016124_CR19) 2013; 27 C Basile (BFejcn2016124_CR9) 2014; 58 BFejcn2016124_CR24 SM Phillips (BFejcn2016124_CR2) 2007; 32 MD Peterson (BFejcn2016124_CR4) 2010; 9 |
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Resistance training (RT) has selective effects on body composition that may counteract the deleterious effects of aging. Changes in phase angle... Resistance training (RT) has selective effects on body composition that may counteract the deleterious effects of aging. Changes in phase angle (PhA) may serve... Background: Resistance training (RT) has selective effects on body composition that may counteract the deleterious effects of aging. Changes in phase angle... Background:Resistance training (RT) has selective effects on body composition that may counteract the deleterious effects of aging. Changes in phase angle... BACKGROUNDResistance training (RT) has selective effects on body composition that may counteract the deleterious effects of aging. Changes in phase angle (PhA)... |
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SubjectTerms | 692/53 692/700 692/700/139/1735 Aged Aged women Aging Aging - physiology Body composition Body Composition - physiology Body fat Body fluids Body water Clinical Nutrition Composition effects Dielectric Spectroscopy Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry Electric Impedance Epidemiology Exercise - physiology Fat-free body mass Female Health aspects Humans Internal Medicine Medicine Medicine & Public Health Metabolic Diseases Middle Aged Middle aged women Muscle Strength Muscle, Skeletal - physiology Older people original-article Phase shift Physical training Physiological aspects Public Health Reactance Resistance training Resistance Training - methods Soft tissues Spectroscopy Strength training Weight training Weight training for women Women |
Title | Changes in phase angle and body composition induced by resistance training in older women |
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