Variable effects of nitrogen additions on the stability and turnover of soil carbon

Soils contain the largest near-surface reservoir of terrestrial carbon and so knowledge of the factors controlling soil carbon storage and turnover is essential for understanding the changing global carbon cycle. The influence of climate on decomposition of soil carbon has been well documented, but...

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Published in	Nature (London) Vol. 419; no. 6910; pp. 915 - 917
Main Authors	Neff, Jason C, Townsend, Alan R, Gleixner, Gerd, Lehman, Scott J, Turnbull, Jocelyn, Bowman, William D
Format	Journal Article
Language	English
Published	London Nature Publishing Group UK 31.10.2002 Nature Publishing Nature Publishing Group
Subjects	Carbon Carbon - metabolism Carbon cycle Carbon Dioxide - metabolism Carbon sequestration Colorado Combustion Decomposition Earth sciences Earth, ocean, space Ecosystem Environmental changes Environmental conditions Exact sciences and technology Fertilizers Fossil Fuels Global warming Human Activities Humanities and Social Sciences Isotope geochemistry Isotope geochemistry. Geochronology letter multidisciplinary Nitrogen Nitrogen - administration & dosage Reservoirs Science Science (multidisciplinary) Soil - analysis Soil dynamics Soils Surficial geology Terrestrial environments United States Colorado fertilization stabilization fertilizers nitrogen climate carbon cycle storage North America C-14 dynamics C-13 productivity carbon isotopes ecosystems soils
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Abstract	Soils contain the largest near-surface reservoir of terrestrial carbon and so knowledge of the factors controlling soil carbon storage and turnover is essential for understanding the changing global carbon cycle. The influence of climate on decomposition of soil carbon has been well documented, but there remains considerable uncertainty in the potential response of soil carbon dynamics to the rapid global increase in reactive nitrogen (coming largely from agricultural fertilizers and fossil fuel combustion). Here, using 14C, 13C and compound-specific analyses of soil carbon from long-term nitrogen fertilization plots, we show that nitrogen additions significantly accelerate decomposition of light soil carbon fractions (with decadal turnover times) while further stabilizing soil carbon compounds in heavier, mineral-associated fractions (with multidecadal to century lifetimes). Despite these changes in the dynamics of different soil pools, we observed no significant changes in bulk soil carbon, highlighting a limitation inherent to the still widely used single-pool approach to investigating soil carbon responses to changing environmental conditions. It remains to be seen if the effects observed here-caused by relatively high, short-term fertilizer additions-are similar to those arising from lower, long-term additions of nitrogen to natural ecosystems from atmospheric deposition, but our results suggest nonetheless that current models of terrestrial carbon cycling do not contain the mechanisms needed to capture the complex relationship between nitrogen availability and soil carbon storage.
AbstractList	Soils contain the largest near-surface reservoir of terrestrial carbon and so knowledge of the factors controlling soil carbon storage and turnover is essential for understanding the changing global carbon cycle. The influence of climate on decomposition of soil carbon has been well documented, but there remains considerable uncertainty in the potential response of soil carbon dynamics to the rapid global increase in reactive nitrogen (coming largely from agricultural fertilizers and fossil fuel combustion). Here, using 14C, 13C and compound-specific analyses of soil carbon from long-term nitrogen fertilization plots, we show that nitrogen additions significantly accelerate decomposition of light soil carbon fractions (with decadal turnover times) while further stabilizing soil carbon compounds in heavier, mineral-associated fractions (with multidecadal to century lifetimes). Despite these changes in the dynamics of different soil pools, we observed no significant changes in bulk soil carbon, highlighting a limitation inherent to the still widely used single-pool approach to investigating soil carbon responses to changing environmental conditions. It remains to be seen if the effects observed here-caused by relatively high, short-term fertilizer additions-are similar to those arising from lower, long-term additions of nitrogen to natural ecosystems from atmospheric deposition, but our results suggest nonetheless that current models of terrestrial carbon cycling do not contain the mechanisms needed to capture the complex relationship between nitrogen availability and soil carbon storage. Soils contain the largest near-surface reservoir of terrestrial carbon and so knowledge of the factors controlling soil carbon storage and turnover is essential for understanding the changing global carbon cycle. The influence of climate on decomposition of soil carbon has been well documented, but there remains considerable uncertainty in the potential response of soil carbon dynamics to the rapid global increase in reactive nitrogen (coming largely from agricultural fertilizers and fossil fuel combustion). Here, using 14 C, 13 C and compound-specific analyses of soil carbon from long-term nitrogen fertilization plots, we show that nitrogen additions significantly accelerate decomposition of light soil carbon fractions (with decadal turnover times) while further stabilizing soil carbon compounds in heavier, mineral-associated fractions (with multidecadal to century lifetimes). Despite these changes in the dynamics of different soil pools, we observed no significant changes in bulk soil carbon, highlighting a limitation inherent to the still widely used single-pool approach to investigating soil carbon responses to changing environmental conditions. It remains to be seen if the effects observed here--caused by relatively high, short-term fertilizer additions--are similar to those arising from lower, long-term additions of nitrogen to natural ecosystems from atmospheric deposition, but our results suggest nonetheless that current models of terrestrial carbon cycling do not contain the mechanisms needed to capture the complex relationship between nitrogen availability and soil carbon storage. Soils contain the largest near-surface reservoir of terrestrial carbon 1 and so knowledge of the factors controlling soil carbon storage and turnover is essential for understanding the changing global carbon cycle. The influence of climate on decomposition of soil carbon has been well documented 2 , 3 , but there remains considerable uncertainty in the potential response of soil carbon dynamics to the rapid global increase in reactive nitrogen (coming largely from agricultural fertilizers and fossil fuel combustion). Here, using 14 C, 13 C and compound-specific analyses of soil carbon from long-term nitrogen fertilization plots, we show that nitrogen additions significantly accelerate decomposition of light soil carbon fractions (with decadal turnover times) while further stabilizing soil carbon compounds in heavier, mineral-associated fractions (with multidecadal to century lifetimes). Despite these changes in the dynamics of different soil pools, we observed no significant changes in bulk soil carbon, highlighting a limitation inherent to the still widely used single-pool approach to investigating soil carbon responses to changing environmental conditions. It remains to be seen if the effects observed here—caused by relatively high, short-term fertilizer additions—are similar to those arising from lower, long-term additions of nitrogen to natural ecosystems from atmospheric deposition, but our results suggest nonetheless that current models of terrestrial carbon cycling do not contain the mechanisms needed to capture the complex relationship between nitrogen availability and soil carbon storage. Soils contain the largest near-surface reservoir of terrestrial carbon and so knowledge of the factors controlling soil carbon storage and turnover is essential for understanding the changing global carbon cycle. The influence of climate on decomposition of soil carbon has been well documented, but there remains considerable uncertainty in the potential response of soil carbon dynamics to the rapid global increase in reactive nitrogen (coming largely from agricultural fertilizers and fossil fuel combustion). Here, using super(14)C, super(13)C and compound-specific analyses of soil carbon from long-term nitrogen fertilization plots, we show that nitrogen additions significantly accelerate decomposition of light soil carbon fractions (with decadal turnover times) while further stabilizing soil carbon compounds in heavier, mineral-associated fractions (with multidecadal to century lifetimes). Despite these changes in the dynamics of different soil pools, we observed no significant changes in bulk soil carbon, highlighting a limitation inherent to the still widely used single-pool approach to investigating soil carbon responses to changing environmental conditions. It remains to be seen if the effects observed here--caused by relatively high, short-term fertilizer additions--are similar to those arising from lower, long-term additions of nitrogen to natural ecosystems from atmospheric deposition, but our results suggest nonetheless that current models of terrestrial carbon cycling do not contain the mechanisms needed to capture the complex relationship between nitrogen availability and soil carbon storage.
Audience	Academic
Author	Gleixner, Gerd Lehman, Scott J Neff, Jason C Townsend, Alan R Turnbull, Jocelyn Bowman, William D
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Jason C surname: Neff fullname: Neff, Jason C – sequence: 2 givenname: Alan R surname: Townsend fullname: Townsend, Alan R – sequence: 3 givenname: Gerd surname: Gleixner fullname: Gleixner, Gerd – sequence: 4 givenname: Scott J surname: Lehman fullname: Lehman, Scott J – sequence: 5 givenname: Jocelyn surname: Turnbull fullname: Turnbull, Jocelyn – sequence: 6 givenname: William D surname: Bowman fullname: Bowman, William D
BackLink	http://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=14190478$$DView record in Pascal Francis https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12410307$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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ContentType	Journal Article
Copyright	Macmillan Magazines Ltd. 2002 2002 INIST-CNRS COPYRIGHT 2002 Nature Publishing Group Copyright Macmillan Journals Ltd. Oct 31, 2002
Copyright_xml	– notice: Macmillan Magazines Ltd. 2002 – notice: 2002 INIST-CNRS – notice: COPYRIGHT 2002 Nature Publishing Group – notice: Copyright Macmillan Journals Ltd. Oct 31, 2002
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Keywords	fertilization stabilization fertilizers nitrogen climate carbon cycle storage North America C-14 dynamics C-13 productivity carbon isotopes ecosystems soils
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Snippet	Soils contain the largest near-surface reservoir of terrestrial carbon and so knowledge of the factors controlling soil carbon storage and turnover is... Soils contain the largest near-surface reservoir of terrestrial carbon 1 and so knowledge of the factors controlling soil carbon storage and turnover is...
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SubjectTerms	Carbon Carbon - metabolism Carbon cycle Carbon Dioxide - metabolism Carbon sequestration Colorado Combustion Decomposition Earth sciences Earth, ocean, space Ecosystem Environmental changes Environmental conditions Exact sciences and technology Fertilizers Fossil Fuels Global warming Human Activities Humanities and Social Sciences Isotope geochemistry Isotope geochemistry. Geochronology letter multidisciplinary Nitrogen Nitrogen - administration & dosage Reservoirs Science Science (multidisciplinary) Soil - analysis Soil dynamics Soils Surficial geology Terrestrial environments
Title	Variable effects of nitrogen additions on the stability and turnover of soil carbon
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