Pseudo-Random Unitary Operators for Quantum Information Processing

In close analogy to the fundamental role of random numbers in classical information theory, random operators are a basic component of quantum information theory. Unfortunately, the implementation of random unitary operators on a quantum processor is exponentially hard. Here we introduce a method for...

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Published inScience (American Association for the Advancement of Science) Vol. 302; no. 5653; pp. 2098 - 2100
Main Authors Emerson, Joseph, Weinstein, Yaakov S., Saraceno, Marcos, Lloyd, Seth, Cory, David G.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Washington, DC American Association for the Advancement of Science 19.12.2003
The American Association for the Advancement of Science
Subjects
Algorithms
Chaos theory
Circuit design
Circuit designer
Classical and quantum physics: mechanics and fields
Coding
Communication (Thought Transfer)
Computer science
Eigenvectors
Exact sciences and technology
Haar measures
Information processing
Information Theory
Integrated circuit design
Monte Carlo Methods
Neural conduction
Numbers
Numbers, Random
Physics
Properties
Quantum computers
Quantum efficiency
Quantum information
Quantum Mechanics
Quantum states
Quantum theory
Random numbers
Scientific Concepts
Stimuli
Canada
Unitary operator
Information processing
Theoretical study
Random operator
Quantum information
Nuclear magnetic resonance
Experimental study
Random number
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Summary:In close analogy to the fundamental role of random numbers in classical information theory, random operators are a basic component of quantum information theory. Unfortunately, the implementation of random unitary operators on a quantum processor is exponentially hard. Here we introduce a method for generating pseudo-random unitary operators that can reproduce those statistical properties of random unitary operators most relevant to quantum information tasks. This method requires exponentially fewer resources, and hence enables the practical application of random unitary operators in quantum communication and information processing protocols. Using a nuclear magnetic resonance quantum processor, we were able to realize pseudo-random unitary operators that reproduce the expected random distribution of matrix elements.
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ISSN:0036-8075
1095-9203
DOI:10.1126/science.1090790