Diversity of Rotavirus Strains Circulating in Botswana before and after introduction of the Monovalent Rotavirus Vaccine
Globally, rotavirus is the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in children aged <5 years. Botswana introduced the monovalent rotavirus vaccine (Rotarix) in July 2012. To study the impact of this vaccine on rotavirus genotypes circulating in Botswana, a comparison of the genotypes pre-vac...
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| Published in | Vaccine Vol. 37; no. 43; pp. 6324 - 6328 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
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Netherlands
Elsevier Ltd
08.10.2019
Elsevier Limited |
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| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | Globally, rotavirus is the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in children aged <5 years. Botswana introduced the monovalent rotavirus vaccine (Rotarix) in July 2012. To study the impact of this vaccine on rotavirus genotypes circulating in Botswana, a comparison of the genotypes pre-vaccination (2011–2012) and post-vaccination (2013–2018) periods was conducted.
Residual samples from 284 children <5 years of age that tested positive for rotavirus by enzyme immunoassay were genotyped. One hundred and five samples were from the pre-vaccination period and 179 were from the post-vaccination period. Genotyping was performed using two multiplexed one-step reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays for the amplification and genotyping of rotavirus VP7 (G) and VP4 (P) genes.
Prior to vaccine introduction, the predominant rotavirus circulating genotypes were G9P[8] (n = 63, 60%) and G1P[8] (n = 22, 21%). During the vaccine period, G2P[4] was the predominant genotype (n = 49, 28%), followed by G9P[8] (n = 40, 22%) and G1P[8] (n = 33, 18.5%). There was a significant decline in the prevalence of G9P[8] (p = 0.001) in the post-vaccination period. There was also a notable decline in G1P[8]. A spike in G2P[4] was observed in 2013, one year post-vaccine introduction. Rotavirus strain G3P[4] (n = 8) was only detected in the post-vaccine introduction period. In 2018 there was a marked increase in genotype G3P[8] (p = 0.0003).
The distribution of circulating rotavirus genotypes in Botswana changed after vaccine implementation. Further studies are needed to examine whether these changes are related to vaccination or simply represent natural secular variation. |
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| AbstractList | Globally, rotavirus is the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in children aged <5 years. Botswana introduced the monovalent rotavirus vaccine (Rotarix) in July 2012. To study the impact of this vaccine on rotavirus genotypes circulating in Botswana, a comparison of the genotypes pre-vaccination (2011-2012) and post-vaccination (2013-2018) periods was conducted.
Residual samples from 284 children <5 years of age that tested positive for rotavirus by enzyme immunoassay were genotyped. One hundred and five samples were from the pre-vaccination period and 179 were from the post-vaccination period. Genotyping was performed using two multiplexed one-step reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays for the amplification and genotyping of rotavirus VP7 (G) and VP4 (P) genes.
Prior to vaccine introduction, the predominant rotavirus circulating genotypes were G9P[8] (n = 63, 60%) and G1P[8] (n = 22, 21%). During the vaccine period, G2P[4] was the predominant genotype (n = 49, 28%), followed by G9P[8] (n = 40, 22%) and G1P[8] (n = 33, 18.5%). There was a significant decline in the prevalence of G9P[8] (p = 0.001) in the post-vaccination period. There was also a notable decline in G1P[8]. A spike in G2P[4] was observed in 2013, one year post-vaccine introduction. Rotavirus strain G3P[4] (n = 8) was only detected in the post-vaccine introduction period. In 2018 there was a marked increase in genotype G3P[8] (p = 0.0003).
The distribution of circulating rotavirus genotypes in Botswana changed after vaccine implementation. Further studies are needed to examine whether these changes are related to vaccination or simply represent natural secular variation. BackgroundGlobally, rotavirus is the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in children aged <5 years. Botswana introduced the monovalent rotavirus vaccine (Rotarix) in July 2012. To study the impact of this vaccine on rotavirus genotypes circulating in Botswana, a comparison of the genotypes pre-vaccination (2011–2012) and post-vaccination (2013–2018) periods was conducted.Subjects and methodsResidual samples from 284 children <5 years of age that tested positive for rotavirus by enzyme immunoassay were genotyped. One hundred and five samples were from the pre-vaccination period and 179 were from the post-vaccination period. Genotyping was performed using two multiplexed one-step reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays for the amplification and genotyping of rotavirus VP7 (G) and VP4 (P) genes.ResultsPrior to vaccine introduction, the predominant rotavirus circulating genotypes were G9P[8] (n = 63, 60%) and G1P[8] (n = 22, 21%). During the vaccine period, G2P[4] was the predominant genotype (n = 49, 28%), followed by G9P[8] (n = 40, 22%) and G1P[8] (n = 33, 18.5%). There was a significant decline in the prevalence of G9P[8] (p = 0.001) in the post-vaccination period. There was also a notable decline in G1P[8]. A spike in G2P[4] was observed in 2013, one year post-vaccine introduction. Rotavirus strain G3P[4] (n = 8) was only detected in the post-vaccine introduction period. In 2018 there was a marked increase in genotype G3P[8] (p = 0.0003).ConclusionsThe distribution of circulating rotavirus genotypes in Botswana changed after vaccine implementation. Further studies are needed to examine whether these changes are related to vaccination or simply represent natural secular variation. Globally, rotavirus is the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in children aged <5 years. Botswana introduced the monovalent rotavirus vaccine (Rotarix) in July 2012. To study the impact of this vaccine on rotavirus genotypes circulating in Botswana, a comparison of the genotypes pre-vaccination (2011-2012) and post-vaccination (2013-2018) periods was conducted.BACKGROUNDGlobally, rotavirus is the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in children aged <5 years. Botswana introduced the monovalent rotavirus vaccine (Rotarix) in July 2012. To study the impact of this vaccine on rotavirus genotypes circulating in Botswana, a comparison of the genotypes pre-vaccination (2011-2012) and post-vaccination (2013-2018) periods was conducted.Residual samples from 284 children <5 years of age that tested positive for rotavirus by enzyme immunoassay were genotyped. One hundred and five samples were from the pre-vaccination period and 179 were from the post-vaccination period. Genotyping was performed using two multiplexed one-step reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays for the amplification and genotyping of rotavirus VP7 (G) and VP4 (P) genes.SUBJECTS AND METHODSResidual samples from 284 children <5 years of age that tested positive for rotavirus by enzyme immunoassay were genotyped. One hundred and five samples were from the pre-vaccination period and 179 were from the post-vaccination period. Genotyping was performed using two multiplexed one-step reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays for the amplification and genotyping of rotavirus VP7 (G) and VP4 (P) genes.Prior to vaccine introduction, the predominant rotavirus circulating genotypes were G9P[8] (n = 63, 60%) and G1P[8] (n = 22, 21%). During the vaccine period, G2P[4] was the predominant genotype (n = 49, 28%), followed by G9P[8] (n = 40, 22%) and G1P[8] (n = 33, 18.5%). There was a significant decline in the prevalence of G9P[8] (p = 0.001) in the post-vaccination period. There was also a notable decline in G1P[8]. A spike in G2P[4] was observed in 2013, one year post-vaccine introduction. Rotavirus strain G3P[4] (n = 8) was only detected in the post-vaccine introduction period. In 2018 there was a marked increase in genotype G3P[8] (p = 0.0003).RESULTSPrior to vaccine introduction, the predominant rotavirus circulating genotypes were G9P[8] (n = 63, 60%) and G1P[8] (n = 22, 21%). During the vaccine period, G2P[4] was the predominant genotype (n = 49, 28%), followed by G9P[8] (n = 40, 22%) and G1P[8] (n = 33, 18.5%). There was a significant decline in the prevalence of G9P[8] (p = 0.001) in the post-vaccination period. There was also a notable decline in G1P[8]. A spike in G2P[4] was observed in 2013, one year post-vaccine introduction. Rotavirus strain G3P[4] (n = 8) was only detected in the post-vaccine introduction period. In 2018 there was a marked increase in genotype G3P[8] (p = 0.0003).The distribution of circulating rotavirus genotypes in Botswana changed after vaccine implementation. Further studies are needed to examine whether these changes are related to vaccination or simply represent natural secular variation.CONCLUSIONSThe distribution of circulating rotavirus genotypes in Botswana changed after vaccine implementation. Further studies are needed to examine whether these changes are related to vaccination or simply represent natural secular variation. AbstractBackgroundGlobally, rotavirus is the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in children aged <5 years. Botswana introduced the monovalent rotavirus vaccine (Rotarix) in July 2012. To study the impact of this vaccine on rotavirus genotypes circulating in Botswana, a comparison of the genotypes pre-vaccination (2011–2012) and post-vaccination (2013–2018) periods was conducted. Subjects and methodsResidual samples from 284 children <5 years of age that tested positive for rotavirus by enzyme immunoassay were genotyped. One hundred and five samples were from the pre-vaccination period and 179 were from the post-vaccination period. Genotyping was performed using two multiplexed one-step reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays for the amplification and genotyping of rotavirus VP7 (G) and VP4 (P) genes. ResultsPrior to vaccine introduction, the predominant rotavirus circulating genotypes were G9P[8] (n = 63, 60%) and G1P[8] (n = 22, 21%). During the vaccine period, G2P[4] was the predominant genotype (n = 49, 28%), followed by G9P[8] (n = 40, 22%) and G1P[8] (n = 33, 18.5%). There was a significant decline in the prevalence of G9P[8] (p = 0.001) in the post-vaccination period. There was also a notable decline in G1P[8]. A spike in G2P[4] was observed in 2013, one year post-vaccine introduction. Rotavirus strain G3P[4] (n = 8) was only detected in the post-vaccine introduction period. In 2018 there was a marked increase in genotype G3P[8] (p = 0.0003). ConclusionsThe distribution of circulating rotavirus genotypes in Botswana changed after vaccine implementation. Further studies are needed to examine whether these changes are related to vaccination or simply represent natural secular variation. Globally, rotavirus is the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in children aged <5 years. Botswana introduced the monovalent rotavirus vaccine (Rotarix) in July 2012. To study the impact of this vaccine on rotavirus genotypes circulating in Botswana, a comparison of the genotypes pre-vaccination (2011–2012) and post-vaccination (2013–2018) periods was conducted.Residual samples from 284 children <5 years of age that tested positive for rotavirus by enzyme immunoassay were genotyped. One hundred and five samples were from the pre-vaccination period and 179 were from the post-vaccination period. Genotyping was performed using two multiplexed one-step reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays for the amplification and genotyping of rotavirus VP7 (G) and VP4 (P) genes.Prior to vaccine introduction, the predominant rotavirus circulating genotypes were G9P[8] (n = 63, 60%) and G1P[8] (n = 22, 21%). During the vaccine period, G2P[4] was the predominant genotype (n = 49, 28%), followed by G9P[8] (n = 40, 22%) and G1P[8] (n = 33, 18.5%). There was a significant decline in the prevalence of G9P[8] (p = 0.001) in the post-vaccination period. There was also a notable decline in G1P[8]. A spike in G2P[4] was observed in 2013, one year post-vaccine introduction. Rotavirus strain G3P[4] (n = 8) was only detected in the post-vaccine introduction period. In 2018 there was a marked increase in genotype G3P[8] (p = 0.0003).The distribution of circulating rotavirus genotypes in Botswana changed after vaccine implementation. Further studies are needed to examine whether these changes are related to vaccination or simply represent natural secular variation. |
| Author | Tate, J.E. Goldfarb, D.M. Mwenda, J.M. Weldegebriel, G. Pernica, J.M. Seheri, L.M. Parashar, U.D. Steenhoff, A.P. Mokomane, M. Lechiile, K. Bowen, M.D. Kasvosve, I. Gaseitsiwe, S. Esona, M.D. Magagula, N.B. |
| AuthorAffiliation | e Botswana-UPenn Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana k University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada b Botswana National Health Laboratory, Gaborone, Botswana i McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada j African Rotavirus Surveillance Network, Immunization, Vaccines and Development Cluster, WHO African Regional Office, Brazzaville, Congo a Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana d The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, USA g WHO Regional Rotavirus Reference Laboratory, Diarrhoeal Pathogens Research Unit, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, South Africa h WHO IST East and Southern Africa, Harare, Zimbabwe c Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA f Botswana-Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: c Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA – name: i McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada – name: f Botswana-Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana – name: k University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada – name: g WHO Regional Rotavirus Reference Laboratory, Diarrhoeal Pathogens Research Unit, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, South Africa – name: h WHO IST East and Southern Africa, Harare, Zimbabwe – name: e Botswana-UPenn Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana – name: b Botswana National Health Laboratory, Gaborone, Botswana – name: d The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, USA – name: j African Rotavirus Surveillance Network, Immunization, Vaccines and Development Cluster, WHO African Regional Office, Brazzaville, Congo – name: a Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: M. orcidid: 0000-0002-4406-3594 surname: Mokomane fullname: Mokomane, M. email: mbafana@gov.bw organization: Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana – sequence: 2 givenname: M.D. surname: Esona fullname: Esona, M.D. organization: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA – sequence: 3 givenname: M.D. orcidid: 0000-0002-2564-3083 surname: Bowen fullname: Bowen, M.D. organization: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA – sequence: 4 givenname: J.E. surname: Tate fullname: Tate, J.E. organization: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA – sequence: 5 givenname: A.P. surname: Steenhoff fullname: Steenhoff, A.P. organization: The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, USA – sequence: 6 givenname: K. surname: Lechiile fullname: Lechiile, K. organization: Botswana-UPenn Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana – sequence: 7 givenname: S. surname: Gaseitsiwe fullname: Gaseitsiwe, S. organization: Botswana-Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana – sequence: 8 givenname: L.M. surname: Seheri fullname: Seheri, L.M. organization: WHO Regional Rotavirus Reference Laboratory, Diarrhoeal Pathogens Research Unit, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, South Africa – sequence: 9 givenname: N.B. surname: Magagula fullname: Magagula, N.B. organization: WHO Regional Rotavirus Reference Laboratory, Diarrhoeal Pathogens Research Unit, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, South Africa – sequence: 10 givenname: G. surname: Weldegebriel fullname: Weldegebriel, G. organization: WHO IST East and Southern Africa, Harare, Zimbabwe – sequence: 11 givenname: J.M. surname: Pernica fullname: Pernica, J.M. organization: McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada – sequence: 12 givenname: J.M. surname: Mwenda fullname: Mwenda, J.M. organization: African Rotavirus Surveillance Network, Immunization, Vaccines and Development Cluster, WHO African Regional Office, Brazzaville, Congo – sequence: 13 givenname: I. surname: Kasvosve fullname: Kasvosve, I. organization: Botswana National Health Laboratory, Gaborone, Botswana – sequence: 14 givenname: U.D. surname: Parashar fullname: Parashar, U.D. organization: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA – sequence: 15 givenname: D.M. surname: Goldfarb fullname: Goldfarb, D.M. organization: University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31530468$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1099_jgv_0_001816 crossref_primary_10_3390_v16020243 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_020_64025_0 crossref_primary_10_5501_wjv_v13_i2_93774 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_023_49350_4 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_vaccine_2024_01_084 crossref_primary_10_1080_21645515_2021_1925060 crossref_primary_10_3390_pathogens9090671 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_vaccine_2020_03_061 crossref_primary_10_1177_03000605221121956 crossref_primary_10_3390_v15020501 crossref_primary_10_1099_mgen_0_000809 crossref_primary_10_3390_v14010134 crossref_primary_10_3390_pathogens9120981 |
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| Keywords | Multiplexed one-step genotyping Botswana Rotarix G3P genotype Acute gastroenteritis |
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| References_xml | – reference: Estes MK, Kapikian AZ. Rotaviruses. In: Knipe DM et al., editors. Fields Virology, 5th ed. 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one-step RT-PCR VP7 and VP4 genotyping assays for rotaviruses using updated primers publication-title: J Virol Methods doi: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2015.07.012 – volume: 14 start-page: 1096 issue: 11 year: 2014 ident: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.09.022_b0085 article-title: Effectiveness of monovalent human rotavirus vaccine against admission to hospital for acute rotavirus diarrhoea in South African children: a case-control study publication-title: Lancet Infect Dis doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(14)70940-5 – ident: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.09.022_b0210 – volume: 62 start-page: S96 issue: Suppl 2 year: 2016 ident: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.09.022_b0175 article-title: Global, Regional, and National Estimates of Rotavirus Mortality in Children <5 Years of Age, 2000–2013 publication-title: Clin Infect Dis doi: 10.1093/cid/civ1013 – volume: 52 start-page: 3922 issue: 11 year: 2014 ident: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.09.022_b0080 article-title: Evaluation of anatomically designed flocked rectal swabs for molecular detection of enteric pathogens in children admitted to hospital with severe gastroenteritis in Botswana publication-title: J Clin Microbiol doi: 10.1128/JCM.01894-14 – volume: 40 start-page: 253 year: 2016 ident: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.09.022_b0130 article-title: Whole genome sequencing reveals genetic heterogeneity of G3P [8] rotaviruses circulating in Italy publication-title: Infect Genet Evol doi: 10.1016/j.meegid.2016.03.013 |
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| Snippet | Globally, rotavirus is the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in children aged <5 years. Botswana introduced the monovalent rotavirus vaccine... AbstractBackgroundGlobally, rotavirus is the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in children aged <5 years. Botswana introduced the monovalent... BackgroundGlobally, rotavirus is the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in children aged <5 years. Botswana introduced the monovalent rotavirus... |
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| SubjectTerms | Acute gastroenteritis Allergy and Immunology Antigens, Viral - genetics Botswana Child, Preschool Children Diarrhea Disease control Enzyme immunoassay enzyme immunoassays Epidemics Feces - virology Female G3P genotype Gastroenteritis Gastroenteritis - prevention & control Gastroenteritis - virology Genetic Variation Genotype Genotype & phenotype Genotypes Genotyping Humans Immunization Immunization Programs Immunoassay Infant Infant, Newborn Laboratories Male Multiplexed one-step genotyping Performance evaluation Phylogeny Polymerase chain reaction reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction Reverse transcription RNA, Viral - genetics Rotarix Rotavirus Rotavirus - classification Rotavirus - immunology Rotavirus Infections - prevention & control Rotavirus Vaccines - administration & dosage Sampling methods Surveillance Vaccination Vaccination - statistics & numerical data Vaccines Vaccines, Attenuated - administration & dosage Viruses |
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| Title | Diversity of Rotavirus Strains Circulating in Botswana before and after introduction of the Monovalent Rotavirus Vaccine |
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