Spinster homolog 2 (spns2) deficiency causes early onset progressive hearing loss
Spinster homolog 2 (Spns2) acts as a Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) transporter in zebrafish and mice, regulating heart development and lymphocyte trafficking respectively. S1P is a biologically active lysophospholipid with multiple roles in signalling. The mechanism of action of Spns2 is still elusi...
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Published in | PLoS genetics Vol. 10; no. 10; p. e1004688 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
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United States
Public Library of Science
01.10.2014
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
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Abstract | Spinster homolog 2 (Spns2) acts as a Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) transporter in zebrafish and mice, regulating heart development and lymphocyte trafficking respectively. S1P is a biologically active lysophospholipid with multiple roles in signalling. The mechanism of action of Spns2 is still elusive in mammals. Here, we report that Spns2-deficient mice rapidly lost auditory sensitivity and endocochlear potential (EP) from 2 to 3 weeks old. We found progressive degeneration of sensory hair cells in the organ of Corti, but the earliest defect was a decline in the EP, suggesting that dysfunction of the lateral wall was the primary lesion. In the lateral wall of adult mutants, we observed structural changes of marginal cell boundaries and of strial capillaries, and reduced expression of several key proteins involved in the generation of the EP (Kcnj10, Kcnq1, Gjb2 and Gjb6), but these changes were likely to be secondary. Permeability of the boundaries of the stria vascularis and of the strial capillaries appeared normal. We also found focal retinal degeneration and anomalies of retinal capillaries together with anterior eye defects in Spns2 mutant mice. Targeted inactivation of Spns2 in red blood cells, platelets, or lymphatic or vascular endothelial cells did not affect hearing, but targeted ablation of Spns2 in the cochlea using a Sox10-Cre allele produced a similar auditory phenotype to the original mutation, suggesting that local Spns2 expression is critical for hearing in mammals. These findings indicate that Spns2 is required for normal maintenance of the EP and hence for normal auditory function, and support a role for S1P signalling in hearing. |
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AbstractList | Spinster homolog 2 (Spns2) acts as a Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) transporter in zebrafish and mice, regulating heart development and lymphocyte trafficking respectively. S1P is a biologically active lysophospholipid with multiple roles in signalling. The mechanism of action of Spns2 is still elusive in mammals. Here, we report that Spns2-deficient mice rapidly lost auditory sensitivity and endocochlear potential (EP) from 2 to 3 weeks old. We found progressive degeneration of sensory hair cells in the organ of Corti, but the earliest defect was a decline in the EP, suggesting that dysfunction of the lateral wall was the primary lesion. In the lateral wall of adult mutants, we observed structural changes of marginal cell boundaries and of strial capillaries, and reduced expression of several key proteins involved in the generation of the EP (Kcnj10, Kcnq1, Gjb2 and Gjb6), but these changes were likely to be secondary. Permeability of the boundaries of the stria vascularis and of the strial capillaries appeared normal. We also found focal retinal degeneration and anomalies of retinal capillaries together with anterior eye defects in Spns2 mutant mice. Targeted inactivation of Spns2 in red blood cells, platelets, or lymphatic or vascular endothelial cells did not affect hearing, but targeted ablation of Spns2 in the cochlea using a SoxW-Cre allele produced a similar auditory phenotype to the original mutation, suggesting that local Spns2 expression is critical for hearing in mammals. These findings indicate that Spns2 is required for normal maintenance of the EP and hence for normal auditory function, and support a role for S1P signalling in hearing. Spinster homolog 2 (Spns2) acts as a Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) transporter in zebrafish and mice, regulating heart development and lymphocyte trafficking respectively. S1P is a biologically active lysophospholipid with multiple roles in signalling. The mechanism of action of Spns2 is still elusive in mammals. Here, we report that Spns2 -deficient mice rapidly lost auditory sensitivity and endocochlear potential (EP) from 2 to 3 weeks old. We found progressive degeneration of sensory hair cells in the organ of Corti, but the earliest defect was a decline in the EP, suggesting that dysfunction of the lateral wall was the primary lesion. In the lateral wall of adult mutants, we observed structural changes of marginal cell boundaries and of strial capillaries, and reduced expression of several key proteins involved in the generation of the EP (Kcnj10, Kcnq1, Gjb2 and Gjb6), but these changes were likely to be secondary. Permeability of the boundaries of the stria vascularis and of the strial capillaries appeared normal. We also found focal retinal degeneration and anomalies of retinal capillaries together with anterior eye defects in Spns2 mutant mice. Targeted inactivation of Spns2 in red blood cells, platelets, or lymphatic or vascular endothelial cells did not affect hearing, but targeted ablation of Spns2 in the cochlea using a Sox10-Cre allele produced a similar auditory phenotype to the original mutation, suggesting that local Spns2 expression is critical for hearing in mammals. These findings indicate that Spns2 is required for normal maintenance of the EP and hence for normal auditory function, and support a role for S1P signalling in hearing. Progressive hearing loss is common in the human population but we know very little about the molecular mechanisms involved. Mutant mice are useful for investigating these mechanisms and have revealed a wide range of different abnormalities that can all lead to the same outcome: deafness. We report here our findings of a new mouse line with a mutation in the Spns2 gene, affecting the release of a lipid called sphingosine-1-phosphate, which has an important role in several processes in the body. For the first time, we report that this molecular pathway is required for normal hearing through a role in generating a voltage difference that acts like a battery, allowing the sensory hair cells of the cochlea to detect sounds at extremely low levels. Without the normal function of the Spns2 gene and release of sphingosine-1-phosphate locally in the inner ear, the voltage in the cochlea declines, leading to rapid loss of sensitivity to sound and ultimately to complete deafness. The human version of this gene, SPNS2 , may be involved in human deafness, and understanding the underlying mechanism presents an opportunity to develop potential treatments for this form of hearing loss. Spinster homolog 2 (Spns2) acts as a Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) transporter in zebrafish and mice, regulating heart development and lymphocyte trafficking respectively. S1P is a biologically active lysophospholipid with multiple roles in signalling. The mechanism of action of Spns2 is still elusive in mammals. Here, we report that Spns2-deficient mice rapidly lost auditory sensitivity and endocochlear potential (EP) from 2 to 3 weeks old. We found progressive degeneration of sensory hair cells in the organ of Corti, but the earliest defect was a decline in the EP, suggesting that dysfunction of the lateral wall was the primary lesion. In the lateral wall of adult mutants, we observed structural changes of marginal cell boundaries and of strial capillaries, and reduced expression of several key proteins involved in the generation of the EP (Kcnj10, Kcnq1, Gjb2 and Gjb6), but these changes were likely to be secondary. Permeability of the boundaries of the stria vascularis and of the strial capillaries appeared normal. We also found focal retinal degeneration and anomalies of retinal capillaries together with anterior eye defects in Spns2 mutant mice. Targeted inactivation of Spns2 in red blood cells, platelets, or lymphatic or vascular endothelial cells did not affect hearing, but targeted ablation of Spns2 in the cochlea using a Sox10-Cre allele produced a similar auditory phenotype to the original mutation, suggesting that local Spns2 expression is critical for hearing in mammals. These findings indicate that Spns2 is required for normal maintenance of the EP and hence for normal auditory function, and support a role for S1P signalling in hearing. Spinster homolog 2 (Spns2) acts as a Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) transporter in zebrafish and mice, regulating heart development and lymphocyte trafficking respectively. S1P is a biologically active lysophospholipid with multiple roles in signalling. The mechanism of action of Spns2 is still elusive in mammals. Here, we report that Spns2-deficient mice rapidly lost auditory sensitivity and endocochlear potential (EP) from 2 to 3 weeks old. We found progressive degeneration of sensory hair cells in the organ of Corti, but the earliest defect was a decline in the EP, suggesting that dysfunction of the lateral wall was the primary lesion. In the lateral wall of adult mutants, we observed structural changes of marginal cell boundaries and of strial capillaries, and reduced expression of several key proteins involved in the generation of the EP (Kcnj10, Kcnq1, Gjb2 and Gjb6), but these changes were likely to be secondary. Permeability of the boundaries of the stria vascularis and of the strial capillaries appeared normal. We also found focal retinal degeneration and anomalies of retinal capillaries together with anterior eye defects in Spns2 mutant mice. Targeted inactivation of Spns2 in red blood cells, platelets, or lymphatic or vascular endothelial cells did not affect hearing, but targeted ablation of Spns2 in the cochlea using a Sox10-Cre allele produced a similar auditory phenotype to the original mutation, suggesting that local Spns2 expression is critical for hearing in mammals. These findings indicate that Spns2 is required for normal maintenance of the EP and hence for normal auditory function, and support a role for S1P signalling in hearing. |
Audience | Academic |
Author | Goulding, David Nijnik, Anastasia Forge, Andrew Jackson, Ian J Jadeja, Shalini Tsang, Stephen H White, Jacqueline K Jagger, Daniel Kelly, John Ingham, Neil Pass, Johanna Steel, Karen P Mahajan, Vinit B Chen, Jing |
AuthorAffiliation | 7 Department of Physiology, Complex Traits Group, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada 3 Centre for Auditory Research, UCL Ear Institute, London, United Kingdom 5 Omics Laboratory, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America 2 Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, London, United Kingdom 6 Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America 1 Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom Tel Aviv University, Israel 4 MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, and Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, United Kingdom |
AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 4 MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, and Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, United Kingdom – name: 1 Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom – name: 6 Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America – name: 5 Omics Laboratory, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America – name: 7 Department of Physiology, Complex Traits Group, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada – name: 2 Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, London, United Kingdom – name: 3 Centre for Auditory Research, UCL Ear Institute, London, United Kingdom – name: Tel Aviv University, Israel |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Jing surname: Chen fullname: Chen, Jing organization: Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, London, United Kingdom – sequence: 2 givenname: Neil surname: Ingham fullname: Ingham, Neil organization: Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, London, United Kingdom – sequence: 3 givenname: John surname: Kelly fullname: Kelly, John organization: Centre for Auditory Research, UCL Ear Institute, London, United Kingdom – sequence: 4 givenname: Shalini surname: Jadeja fullname: Jadeja, Shalini organization: MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, and Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, United Kingdom – sequence: 5 givenname: David surname: Goulding fullname: Goulding, David organization: Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom – sequence: 6 givenname: Johanna surname: Pass fullname: Pass, Johanna organization: Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, London, United Kingdom – sequence: 7 givenname: Vinit B surname: Mahajan fullname: Mahajan, Vinit B organization: Omics Laboratory, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America – sequence: 8 givenname: Stephen H surname: Tsang fullname: Tsang, Stephen H organization: Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America – sequence: 9 givenname: Anastasia surname: Nijnik fullname: Nijnik, Anastasia organization: Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Physiology, Complex Traits Group, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada – sequence: 10 givenname: Ian J surname: Jackson fullname: Jackson, Ian J organization: MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, and Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, United Kingdom – sequence: 11 givenname: Jacqueline K surname: White fullname: White, Jacqueline K organization: Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom – sequence: 12 givenname: Andrew surname: Forge fullname: Forge, Andrew organization: Centre for Auditory Research, UCL Ear Institute, London, United Kingdom – sequence: 13 givenname: Daniel surname: Jagger fullname: Jagger, Daniel organization: Centre for Auditory Research, UCL Ear Institute, London, United Kingdom – sequence: 14 givenname: Karen P surname: Steel fullname: Steel, Karen P organization: Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, London, United Kingdom |
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ContentType | Journal Article |
Copyright | COPYRIGHT 2014 Public Library of Science 2014 Chen et al 2014 Chen et al 2014 Public Library of Science. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited: ) Deficiency Causes Early Onset Progressive Hearing Loss. PLoS Genet 10(10): e1004688. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1004688 |
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Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. Conceived and designed the experiments: JC NI AN IJJ JKW AF DJ KPS. Performed the experiments: JC NI JK SJ DG JP JKW. Analyzed the data: JC NI JK SJ JP VBM SHT IJJ JKW AF DJ KPS. Wrote the paper: JC KPS. |
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Snippet | Spinster homolog 2 (Spns2) acts as a Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) transporter in zebrafish and mice, regulating heart development and lymphocyte trafficking... Spinster homolog 2 (Spns2) acts as a Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) transporter in zebrafish and mice, regulating heart development and lymphocyte trafficking... |
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SourceType | Open Website Open Access Repository Aggregation Database Index Database |
StartPage | e1004688 |
SubjectTerms | Age of Onset Animals Anion Transport Proteins - deficiency Anion Transport Proteins - genetics Anion Transport Proteins - metabolism Anterior Eye Segment - metabolism Anterior Eye Segment - pathology Biology and Life Sciences Causes of Cochlea - metabolism Cochlea - pathology Connexin 26 Connexins Deafness Ear, Inner - pathology Gene expression Genetic aspects Hair Cells, Auditory - metabolism Hair Cells, Auditory - pathology Health aspects Hearing loss Hearing Loss - genetics Hearing Loss - metabolism Hearing Loss - pathology Labeling Lysophospholipids - metabolism Mice Mutation Organogenesis - genetics Proteins Sphingosine - analogs & derivatives Sphingosine - metabolism Stria Vascularis - pathology Zebrafish |
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Title | Spinster homolog 2 (spns2) deficiency causes early onset progressive hearing loss |
URI | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25356849 https://search.proquest.com/docview/1619319548 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC4214598 https://doaj.org/article/1affc69a373646d2a1010876d51d762e http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1004688 |
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