A novel sideways fall simulator to study hip fractures ex vivo

Falls to the side are the leading cause of hip fractures in the elderly. The load that a person experiences during a fall cannot be measured with volunteers for ethical reasons. To evaluate injurious loads, while considering relevant energy input and body posture for a sideways fall, a subject-speci...

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Published inPloS one Vol. 13; no. 7; p. e0201096
Main Authors Fleps, Ingmar, Vuille, Muriel, Melnyk, Angela, Ferguson, Stephen J., Guy, Pierre, Helgason, Benedikt, Cripton, Peter A.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States Public Library of Science 24.07.2018
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Subjects
Bioaccumulation
Biology and Life Sciences
Biomechanics
Biomedical engineering
Boundary conditions
Cadavers
Cameras
CAT scans
Contact force
Deformation
Deformation mechanisms
Diagnosis
Engineering and Technology
Experiments
Femur
Finite element method
Fractures
Geriatrics
High speed cameras
Hip
Hip fractures
Hip joint
Injuries
Load
Mechanical engineering
Medicine and Health Sciences
Older people
Pelvis
Physical Sciences
Posture
Risk factors
Studies
Trauma
Trochanter
Ultrasonic testing
Canada
Switzerland
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Abstract Falls to the side are the leading cause of hip fractures in the elderly. The load that a person experiences during a fall cannot be measured with volunteers for ethical reasons. To evaluate injurious loads, while considering relevant energy input and body posture for a sideways fall, a subject-specific cadaveric impact experiment was developed. Full cadaveric femur-pelvis constructs (N = 2) were embedded in surrogate soft tissue material and attached to metallic surrogate lower limbs. The specimens were then subjected to an inverted pendulum motion, simulating a fall to the side with an impact to the greater trochanter. The load at the ground and the deformation of the pelvis were evaluated using a 6-axis force transducer and two high-speed cameras. Post-test, a trauma surgeon (PG) evaluated specimen injuries. Peak ground contact forces were 7132 N and 5641 N for the fractured and non-fractured specimen, respectively. We observed a cervical fracture of the femur in one specimen and no injuries in a second specimen, showing that the developed protocol can be used to differentiate between specimens at high and low fracture risk.
AbstractList Falls to the side are the leading cause of hip fractures in the elderly. The load that a person experiences during a fall cannot be measured with volunteers for ethical reasons. To evaluate injurious loads, while considering relevant energy input and body posture for a sideways fall, a subject-specific cadaveric impact experiment was developed. Full cadaveric femur-pelvis constructs (N = 2) were embedded in surrogate soft tissue material and attached to metallic surrogate lower limbs. The specimens were then subjected to an inverted pendulum motion, simulating a fall to the side with an impact to the greater trochanter. The load at the ground and the deformation of the pelvis were evaluated using a 6-axis force transducer and two high-speed cameras. Post-test, a trauma surgeon (PG) evaluated specimen injuries. Peak ground contact forces were 7132 N and 5641 N for the fractured and non-fractured specimen, respectively. We observed a cervical fracture of the femur in one specimen and no injuries in a second specimen, showing that the developed protocol can be used to differentiate between specimens at high and low fracture risk.
Falls to the side are the leading cause of hip fractures in the elderly. The load that a person experiences during a fall cannot be measured with volunteers for ethical reasons. To evaluate injurious loads, while considering relevant energy input and body posture for a sideways fall, a subject-specific cadaveric impact experiment was developed. Full cadaveric femur-pelvis constructs (N = 2) were embedded in surrogate soft tissue material and attached to metallic surrogate lower limbs. The specimens were then subjected to an inverted pendulum motion, simulating a fall to the side with an impact to the greater trochanter. The load at the ground and the deformation of the pelvis were evaluated using a 6-axis force transducer and two high-speed cameras. Post-test, a trauma surgeon (PG) evaluated specimen injuries. Peak ground contact forces were 7132 N and 5641 N for the fractured and non-fractured specimen, respectively. We observed a cervical fracture of the femur in one specimen and no injuries in a second specimen, showing that the developed protocol can be used to differentiate between specimens at high and low fracture risk.Falls to the side are the leading cause of hip fractures in the elderly. The load that a person experiences during a fall cannot be measured with volunteers for ethical reasons. To evaluate injurious loads, while considering relevant energy input and body posture for a sideways fall, a subject-specific cadaveric impact experiment was developed. Full cadaveric femur-pelvis constructs (N = 2) were embedded in surrogate soft tissue material and attached to metallic surrogate lower limbs. The specimens were then subjected to an inverted pendulum motion, simulating a fall to the side with an impact to the greater trochanter. The load at the ground and the deformation of the pelvis were evaluated using a 6-axis force transducer and two high-speed cameras. Post-test, a trauma surgeon (PG) evaluated specimen injuries. Peak ground contact forces were 7132 N and 5641 N for the fractured and non-fractured specimen, respectively. We observed a cervical fracture of the femur in one specimen and no injuries in a second specimen, showing that the developed protocol can be used to differentiate between specimens at high and low fracture risk.
Audience Academic
Author Ferguson, Stephen J.
Melnyk, Angela
Cripton, Peter A.
Guy, Pierre
Helgason, Benedikt
Fleps, Ingmar
Vuille, Muriel
AuthorAffiliation 2 Orthopaedics and Injury Biomechanics Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Orthopaedics and School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
4 School of Science and Engineering, Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland
3 Division of Orthopaedic Trauma, Department of Orthopaedics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
1 Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
Universidad de Zaragoza, SPAIN
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ContentType Journal Article
Copyright COPYRIGHT 2018 Public Library of Science
2018 Fleps et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
2018 Fleps et al 2018 Fleps et al
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– notice: 2018 Fleps et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
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Snippet Falls to the side are the leading cause of hip fractures in the elderly. The load that a person experiences during a fall cannot be measured with volunteers...
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SubjectTerms Bioaccumulation
Biology and Life Sciences
Biomechanics
Biomedical engineering
Boundary conditions
Cadavers
Cameras
CAT scans
Contact force
Deformation
Deformation mechanisms
Diagnosis
Engineering and Technology
Experiments
Femur
Finite element method
Fractures
Geriatrics
High speed cameras
Hip
Hip fractures
Hip joint
Injuries
Load
Mechanical engineering
Medicine and Health Sciences
Older people
Pelvis
Physical Sciences
Posture
Risk factors
Studies
Trauma
Trochanter
Ultrasonic testing
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Title A novel sideways fall simulator to study hip fractures ex vivo
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30040858
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2075520931
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2076232327
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC6057661
https://doaj.org/article/307a41ee6ae047ea964c27312421864e
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0201096
Volume 13
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