Fate of artificial sweeteners through wastewater treatment plants and water treatment processes

• Published in: PloS one Vol. 13; no. 1; p. e0189867
• Main Authors: Li, Shaoli, Ren, Yuhang, Fu, Yingying, Gao, Xingsheng, Jiang, Cong, Wu, Gang, Ren, Hongqiang, Geng, Jinju
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Public Library of Science 02.01.2018; Public Library of Science (PLoS)
• Subjects: Activated carbon; Adsorption; Artificial sweeteners; Biodegradation; Biology and Life Sciences; Bisphenol A; Drinking water; Earth Sciences; Ecology and Environmental Sciences; Engineering and Technology; Hydrogen peroxide; Kinetics; Laboratories; Medicine and Health Sciences; Methods; Oxidation; Personal grooming; Physical Sciences; Properties; Protein kinase A; Saccharin; Sewage treatment; Sucralose; Sugar substitutes; Sweeteners; Sweetening Agents - chemistry; Toxicity; U.V. radiation; Ultraviolet radiation; Waste Water - chemistry; Wastewater facilities; Wastewater treatment; Wastewater treatment plants; Water Purification - methods; Water treatment
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189867

Five full-scale wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in China using typical biodegradation processes (SBR, oxidation ditch, A2/O) were selected to assess the removal of four popular artificial sweeteners (ASs). All four ASs (acesulfame (ACE), sucralose (SUC), cyclamate (CYC) and saccharin (SAC)) were detected, ranging from 0.43 to 27.34μg/L in the influent. Higher concentrations of ASs were measured in winter. ACE could be partly removed by 7.11-50.76% through biodegradation and especially through the denitrifying process. The A2/O process was the most efficient at biodegrading ASs. Adsorption (by granular activated carbon (GAC) and magnetic resin) and ultraviolet radiation-based advanced oxidation processes (UV/AOPs) were evaluated to remove ASs in laboratory-scale tests. The amounts of resin adsorbed were 3.33-18.51 times more than those of GAC except for SUC. The adsorption ability of resin decreased in the order of SAC > ACE > CYC > SUC in accordance with the pKa. Degradation of ASs followed pseudo-first-order kinetics in UV/H2O2 and UV/PDS. When applied to the secondary effluent, ASs could be degraded from 30.87 to 99.93% using UV/PDS in 30 minutes and UV/PDS was more efficient and economic.