Mammary microbiome of lactating organic dairy cows varies by time, tissue site, and infection status
Infections of the cow udder leading to mastitis and reducing milk quality are a critical challenge facing all dairy farmers. Mastitis may be linked to the ecological disruption of an endogenous mammary microbial community, suggesting an ecosystems approach to management and prevention of this diseas...
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Published in | PloS one Vol. 14; no. 11; p. e0225001 |
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Language | English |
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14.11.2019
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Abstract | Infections of the cow udder leading to mastitis and reducing milk quality are a critical challenge facing all dairy farmers. Mastitis may be linked to the ecological disruption of an endogenous mammary microbial community, suggesting an ecosystems approach to management and prevention of this disease. The teat end skin represents a first point of host contact with mastitis pathogens and may offer an opportunity for microbially mediated resistance to infection, yet we know little about the microbial community of teat end skin or its potential interaction with the microbial community of intramammary milk of organic dairy cattle. High-throughput sequencing of marker genes for bacterial and fungal communities was used to characterize the skin and milk microbiome of cows with both a healthy and infected gland (i.e., udder quarter) and to assess the sharing of microbial DNA between these tissue habitat sites. The mammary microbiome varied among cows, through time, and between skin and milk. Microbiomes of milk from healthy and infected quarters reflected a diverse group of microbial DNA sequences, though milk had far fewer operational taxonomic units (OTUs) than skin. Milk microbiomes of infected quarters were generally more variable than healthy quarters and were frequently dominated by a single OTU; teat end skin microbiomes were relatively similar between healthy and infected quarters. Commonly occurring genera that were shared between skin and milk of infected glands included Staphylococcus spp. bacteria and Debaryomyces spp. fungi. Commonly occurring genera that were shared between skin and milk of healthy glands included bacteria SMB53 (Clostridiaceae) and Penicillium spp. fungi. Results support an ecological interpretation of the mammary gland and the notion that mastitis can be described as a dysbiosis, an imbalance of the healthy mammary gland microbiome. |
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AbstractList | Infections of the cow udder leading to mastitis and reducing milk quality are a critical challenge facing all dairy farmers. Mastitis may be linked to the ecological disruption of an endogenous mammary microbial community, suggesting an ecosystems approach to management and prevention of this disease. The teat end skin represents a first point of host contact with mastitis pathogens and may offer an opportunity for microbially mediated resistance to infection, yet we know little about the microbial community of teat end skin or its potential interaction with the microbial community of intramammary milk of organic dairy cattle. High-throughput sequencing of marker genes for bacterial and fungal communities was used to characterize the skin and milk microbiome of cows with both a healthy and infected gland (i.e., udder quarter) and to assess the sharing of microbial DNA between these tissue habitat sites. The mammary microbiome varied among cows, through time, and between skin and milk. Microbiomes of milk from healthy and infected quarters reflected a diverse group of microbial DNA sequences, though milk had far fewer operational taxonomic units (OTUs) than skin. Milk microbiomes of infected quarters were generally more variable than healthy quarters and were frequently dominated by a single OTU; teat end skin microbiomes were relatively similar between healthy and infected quarters. Commonly occurring genera that were shared between skin and milk of infected glands included Staphylococcus spp. bacteria and Debaryomyces spp. fungi. Commonly occurring genera that were shared between skin and milk of healthy glands included bacteria SMB53 (Clostridiaceae) and Penicillium spp. fungi. Results support an ecological interpretation of the mammary gland and the notion that mastitis can be described as a dysbiosis, an imbalance of the healthy mammary gland microbiome. Infections of the cow udder leading to mastitis and reducing milk quality are a critical challenge facing all dairy farmers. Mastitis may be linked to the ecological disruption of an endogenous mammary microbial community, suggesting an ecosystems approach to management and prevention of this disease. The teat end skin represents a first point of host contact with mastitis pathogens and may offer an opportunity for microbially mediated resistance to infection, yet we know little about the microbial community of teat end skin or its potential interaction with the microbial community of intramammary milk of organic dairy cattle. High-throughput sequencing of marker genes for bacterial and fungal communities was used to characterize the skin and milk microbiome of cows with both a healthy and infected gland (i.e., udder quarter) and to assess the sharing of microbial DNA between these tissue habitat sites. The mammary microbiome varied among cows, through time, and between skin and milk. Microbiomes of milk from healthy and infected quarters reflected a diverse group of microbial DNA sequences, though milk had far fewer operational taxonomic units (OTUs) than skin. Milk microbiomes of infected quarters were generally more variable than healthy quarters and were frequently dominated by a single OTU; teat end skin microbiomes were relatively similar between healthy and infected quarters. Commonly occurring genera that were shared between skin and milk of infected glands included Staphylococcus spp . bacteria and Debaryomyces spp . fungi. Commonly occurring genera that were shared between skin and milk of healthy glands included bacteria SMB53 (Clostridiaceae) and Penicillium spp . fungi. Results support an ecological interpretation of the mammary gland and the notion that mastitis can be described as a dysbiosis, an imbalance of the healthy mammary gland microbiome. |
Audience | Academic |
Author | Neher, Deborah A Andrews, Tucker Weicht, Thomas R Barlow, John W |
AuthorAffiliation | 1 Department of Plant and Soil Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America 2 Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America University of Illinois, UNITED STATES |
AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 1 Department of Plant and Soil Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America – name: 2 Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America – name: University of Illinois, UNITED STATES |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Tucker orcidid: 0000-0001-9312-6478 surname: Andrews fullname: Andrews, Tucker organization: Department of Plant and Soil Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America – sequence: 2 givenname: Deborah A orcidid: 0000-0002-9647-8783 surname: Neher fullname: Neher, Deborah A organization: Department of Plant and Soil Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America – sequence: 3 givenname: Thomas R surname: Weicht fullname: Weicht, Thomas R organization: Department of Plant and Soil Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America – sequence: 4 givenname: John W surname: Barlow fullname: Barlow, John W organization: Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America |
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Copyright | COPYRIGHT 2019 Public Library of Science 2019 Andrews et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. 2019 Andrews et al 2019 Andrews et al |
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SubjectTerms | Animal lactation Animal tissues Animals Bacteria Bacteria - genetics Bacterial genetics Bacterial infections Base Sequence Bioinformatics Biology and Life Sciences Cattle Communities Community ecology Cow's milk Dairy cattle Dairy farming Dairy farms Dairying Deoxyribonucleic acid Disease control Disruption DNA DNA sequencing Dysbacteriosis Ecological effects Ecosystem Ecosystem management Ecosystems Female Fungi Fungi - genetics Gene expression Gene sequencing Genera Genes Habitats Infection Infections Lactation Mammary gland Mammary glands Mammary Glands, Animal - microbiology Mastitis Medicine and Health Sciences Microbial drug resistance Microbiomes Microbiota Microorganisms Milk Milk - microbiology Next-generation sequencing Nucleotide sequence Pathogenic microorganisms Researchers RNA, Ribosomal, 16S - genetics Skin Skin - microbiology Skin diseases Soil sciences Staphylococcal infections Strategic management Time Factors Udder |
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Title | Mammary microbiome of lactating organic dairy cows varies by time, tissue site, and infection status |
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