A cross-country analysis of climate shocks and smallholder food insecurity

Future climate changes will affect smallholder farmers in the developing world, posing threats to household food security. Nevertheless, there remains limited comparable evidence across multiple countries and regions regarding the global extent of climate shocks affecting smallholder food security....

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Published inPloS one Vol. 13; no. 2; p. e0192928
Main Authors Niles, Meredith T, Salerno, Jonathan D
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States Public Library of Science 23.02.2018
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
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Abstract Future climate changes will affect smallholder farmers in the developing world, posing threats to household food security. Nevertheless, there remains limited comparable evidence across multiple countries and regions regarding the global extent of climate shocks affecting smallholder food security. We examine data from 5,299 household surveys across 15 countries in Latin America, Africa and South Asia to assess the extent of climate shocks and their association with food insecurity, as well as what strategies may help buffer against climate shocks. We find that 71% of households reported experiencing a climate shock in the previous five years. Fifty-four percent reported experiencing food insecurity during one or more months annually. A multilevel statistical model estimated factors correlated with food insecurity as well as factors correlated with food insecurity among households that had experienced a climate shock. Households that reported experiencing a climate shock were 1.73 times more likely to be food insecure. As well, larger and poorer households were associated with higher odds of food insecurity while using pesticides, keeping large livestock, and being more educated are associated with lower odds of food insecurity. Among households that had experienced a climate shock, additional factors are correlated with lower odds of food insecurity when compared to otherwise similar households: use of fertilizers, pesticides, veterinary medicines, large livestock, and household assets. Together, these results demonstrate the extent of existing climate shocks affecting smallholder farmers and how interventions may potentially support adaptation and reduce food insecurity.
AbstractList Future climate changes will affect smallholder farmers in the developing world, posing threats to household food security. Nevertheless, there remains limited comparable evidence across multiple countries and regions regarding the global extent of climate shocks affecting smallholder food security. We examine data from 5,299 household surveys across 15 countries in Latin America, Africa and South Asia to assess the extent of climate shocks and their association with food insecurity, as well as what strategies may help buffer against climate shocks. We find that 71% of households reported experiencing a climate shock in the previous five years. Fifty-four percent reported experiencing food insecurity during one or more months annually. A multilevel statistical model estimated factors correlated with food insecurity as well as factors correlated with food insecurity among households that had experienced a climate shock. Households that reported experiencing a climate shock were 1.73 times more likely to be food insecure. As well, larger and poorer households were associated with higher odds of food insecurity while using pesticides, keeping large livestock, and being more educated are associated with lower odds of food insecurity. Among households that had experienced a climate shock, additional factors are correlated with lower odds of food insecurity when compared to otherwise similar households: use of fertilizers, pesticides, veterinary medicines, large livestock, and household assets. Together, these results demonstrate the extent of existing climate shocks affecting smallholder farmers and how interventions may potentially support adaptation and reduce food insecurity.
Audience Academic
Author Salerno, Jonathan D
Niles, Meredith T
AuthorAffiliation 1 Food Systems Program, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States of America
University of Maryland Baltimore County, UNITED STATES
3 Graduate Group in Ecology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
2 Environmental Studies Program, Sustainability, Energy, and Environment Complex, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States of America
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– name: 1 Food Systems Program, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States of America
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  organization: Food Systems Program, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States of America
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  surname: Salerno
  fullname: Salerno, Jonathan D
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BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29474383$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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ContentType Journal Article
Copyright COPYRIGHT 2018 Public Library of Science
2018 Niles, Salerno. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
2018 Niles, Salerno 2018 Niles, Salerno
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– notice: 2018 Niles, Salerno. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
– notice: 2018 Niles, Salerno 2018 Niles, Salerno
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Competing Interests: MTN is a member of the board of directors of The Public Library of Science (PLOS). This role has in no way influenced the outcome or development of this work or the peer-review process. This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.
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Snippet Future climate changes will affect smallholder farmers in the developing world, posing threats to household food security. Nevertheless, there remains limited...
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StartPage e0192928
SubjectTerms Agriculture
Biology and Life Sciences
Climate change
Climatic analysis
Computer security
Correlation
Cybersecurity
Drought
Earth Sciences
Environmental aspects
Environmental assessment
Farmers
Fertilizers
Food security
Food supply
Forecasts and trends
Future climates
Households
Influence
Livestock
Mathematical models
People and Places
Pesticides
Shock
Small farms
Social Sciences
Statistical models
Veterinary medicine
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Title A cross-country analysis of climate shocks and smallholder food insecurity
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29474383
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https://search.proquest.com/docview/2007988647
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC5825057
https://doaj.org/article/bc6e871bb0714ae6813f63a5a77dab1f
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0192928
Volume 13
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