Coursing hyenas and stalking lions: The potential for inter- and intraspecific interactions

Resource partitioning promotes coexistence among guild members, and carnivores reduce interference competition through behavioral mechanisms that promote spatio-temporal separation. We analyzed sympatric lion and spotted hyena movements and activity patterns to ascertain the mechanisms facilitating...

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Published inPloS one Vol. 18; no. 2; p. e0265054
Main Authors Barker, Nancy A., Joubert, Francois G., Kasaona, Marthin, Shatumbu, Gabriel, Stowbunenko, Vincent, Alexander, Kathleen A., Slotow, Rob, Getz, Wayne M.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States Public Library of Science 03.02.2023
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Subjects
Activity patterns
Adaptability
Animals
Anthrax
Aquatic ecosystems
Aridity
Avoidance
Avoidance behavior
Behavior
Biology and Life Sciences
Carnivora
Carnivores
Coexistence
Competition
Conservation
Conspecifics
Crocuta crocuta
Distribution
Ecology and Environmental Sciences
Ecosystem
Ecosystems
Female
Foraging behavior
Habitat utilization
Habitats
Home range
Hyaenidae
Hyenas
Interference
Interspecific relationships
Land cover
Land use
Lions
Male
Males
Medicine and Health Sciences
National parks
Panthera leo
People and Places
Physical Sciences
Predators
Rainy season
Research and Analysis Methods
Resource partitioning
Seasons
Stalking
Sympatric populations
Ungulates
South Africa
United Kingdom
Botswana
Namibia
Tanzania
Southern Africa
Okavango Delta
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Abstract Resource partitioning promotes coexistence among guild members, and carnivores reduce interference competition through behavioral mechanisms that promote spatio-temporal separation. We analyzed sympatric lion and spotted hyena movements and activity patterns to ascertain the mechanisms facilitating their coexistence within semi-arid and wetland ecosystems. We identified recurrent high-use (revisitation) and extended stay (duration) areas within home ranges, as well as correlated movement-derived measures of inter- and intraspecific interactions with environmental variables. Spatial overlaps among lions and hyenas expanded during the wet season, and occurred at edges of home ranges, around water-points, along pathways between patches of high-use areas. Lions shared more of their home ranges with spotted hyenas in arid ecosystems, but shared more of their ranges with conspecifics in mesic environments. Despite shared space use, we found evidence for subtle temporal differences in the nocturnal movement and activity patterns between the two predators, suggesting a fine localized-scale avoidance strategy. Revisitation frequency and duration within home ranges were influenced by interspecific interactions, after land cover categories and diel cycles. Intraspecific interactions were also important for lions and, important for hyenas were moon illumination and ungulates attracted to former anthrax carcass sites in Etosha, with distance to water in Chobe/Linyanti. Recursion and duration according to locales of competitor probabilities were similar among female lions and both sexes of hyenas, but different for male lions. Our results suggest that lions and spotted hyenas mediate the potential for interference competition through subtle differences in temporal activity, fine-scale habitat use differentiation, and localized reactive-avoidance behaviors. These findings enhance our understanding of the potential effects of interspecific interactions among large carnivore space-use patterns within an apex predator system and show adaptability across heterogeneous and homogeneous environments. Future conservation plans should emphasize the importance of inter- and intraspecific competition within large carnivore communities, particularly moderating such effects within increasingly fragmented landscapes.
AbstractList Resource partitioning promotes coexistence among guild members, and carnivores reduce interference competition through behavioral mechanisms that promote spatio-temporal separation. We analyzed sympatric lion and spotted hyena movements and activity patterns to ascertain the mechanisms facilitating their coexistence within semi-arid and wetland ecosystems. We identified recurrent high-use (revisitation) and extended stay (duration) areas within home ranges, as well as correlated movement-derived measures of inter- and intraspecific interactions with environmental variables. Spatial overlaps among lions and hyenas expanded during the wet season, and occurred at edges of home ranges, around water-points, along pathways between patches of high-use areas. Lions shared more of their home ranges with spotted hyenas in arid ecosystems, but shared more of their ranges with conspecifics in mesic environments. Despite shared space use, we found evidence for subtle temporal differences in the nocturnal movement and activity patterns between the two predators, suggesting a fine localized-scale avoidance strategy. Revisitation frequency and duration within home ranges were influenced by interspecific interactions, after land cover categories and diel cycles. Intraspecific interactions were also important for lions and, important for hyenas were moon illumination and ungulates attracted to former anthrax carcass sites in Etosha, with distance to water in Chobe/Linyanti. Recursion and duration according to locales of competitor probabilities were similar among female lions and both sexes of hyenas, but different for male lions. Our results suggest that lions and spotted hyenas mediate the potential for interference competition through subtle differences in temporal activity, fine-scale habitat use differentiation, and localized reactive-avoidance behaviors. These findings enhance our understanding of the potential effects of interspecific interactions among large carnivore space-use patterns within an apex predator system and show adaptability across heterogeneous and homogeneous environments. Future conservation plans should emphasize the importance of inter- and intraspecific competition within large carnivore communities, particularly moderating such effects within increasingly fragmented landscapes.
Resource partitioning promotes coexistence among guild members, and carnivores reduce interference competition through behavioral mechanisms that promote spatio-temporal separation. We analyzed sympatric lion and spotted hyena movements and activity patterns to ascertain the mechanisms facilitating their coexistence within semi-arid and wetland ecosystems. We identified recurrent high-use (revisitation) and extended stay (duration) areas within home ranges, as well as correlated movement-derived measures of inter- and intraspecific interactions with environmental variables. Spatial overlaps among lions and hyenas expanded during the wet season, and occurred at edges of home ranges, around water-points, along pathways between patches of high-use areas. Lions shared more of their home ranges with spotted hyenas in arid ecosystems, but shared more of their ranges with conspecifics in mesic environments. Despite shared space use, we found evidence for subtle temporal differences in the nocturnal movement and activity patterns between the two predators, suggesting a fine localized-scale avoidance strategy. Revisitation frequency and duration within home ranges were influenced by interspecific interactions, after land cover categories and diel cycles. Intraspecific interactions were also important for lions and, important for hyenas were moon illumination and ungulates attracted to former anthrax carcass sites in Etosha, with distance to water in Chobe/Linyanti. Recursion and duration according to locales of competitor probabilities were similar among female lions and both sexes of hyenas, but different for male lions. Our results suggest that lions and spotted hyenas mediate the potential for interference competition through subtle differences in temporal activity, fine-scale habitat use differentiation, and localized reactive-avoidance behaviors. These findings enhance our understanding of the potential effects of interspecific interactions among large carnivore space-use patterns within an apex predator system and show adaptability across heterogeneous and homogeneous environments. Future conservation plans should emphasize the importance of inter- and intraspecific competition within large carnivore communities, particularly moderating such effects within increasingly fragmented landscapes.Resource partitioning promotes coexistence among guild members, and carnivores reduce interference competition through behavioral mechanisms that promote spatio-temporal separation. We analyzed sympatric lion and spotted hyena movements and activity patterns to ascertain the mechanisms facilitating their coexistence within semi-arid and wetland ecosystems. We identified recurrent high-use (revisitation) and extended stay (duration) areas within home ranges, as well as correlated movement-derived measures of inter- and intraspecific interactions with environmental variables. Spatial overlaps among lions and hyenas expanded during the wet season, and occurred at edges of home ranges, around water-points, along pathways between patches of high-use areas. Lions shared more of their home ranges with spotted hyenas in arid ecosystems, but shared more of their ranges with conspecifics in mesic environments. Despite shared space use, we found evidence for subtle temporal differences in the nocturnal movement and activity patterns between the two predators, suggesting a fine localized-scale avoidance strategy. Revisitation frequency and duration within home ranges were influenced by interspecific interactions, after land cover categories and diel cycles. Intraspecific interactions were also important for lions and, important for hyenas were moon illumination and ungulates attracted to former anthrax carcass sites in Etosha, with distance to water in Chobe/Linyanti. Recursion and duration according to locales of competitor probabilities were similar among female lions and both sexes of hyenas, but different for male lions. Our results suggest that lions and spotted hyenas mediate the potential for interference competition through subtle differences in temporal activity, fine-scale habitat use differentiation, and localized reactive-avoidance behaviors. These findings enhance our understanding of the potential effects of interspecific interactions among large carnivore space-use patterns within an apex predator system and show adaptability across heterogeneous and homogeneous environments. Future conservation plans should emphasize the importance of inter- and intraspecific competition within large carnivore communities, particularly moderating such effects within increasingly fragmented landscapes.
Audience Academic
Author Shatumbu, Gabriel
Kasaona, Marthin
Getz, Wayne M.
Alexander, Kathleen A.
Barker, Nancy A.
Joubert, Francois G.
Slotow, Rob
Stowbunenko, Vincent
AuthorAffiliation 1 School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
4 Department of Computer Science, San José State University, San Jose, California, United States of America
Universita degli Studi di Sassari, ITALY
6 Oppenheimer Fellow in Functional Ecology, Centre for Functional Ecology, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
5 Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
3 Etosha Ecological Institute, Ministry of Environment and Tourism, Okaukeujo, Namibia
2 African Wildlife Veterinarian, Outjo, Namibia
7 Department of Environmental Science, Policy & Management, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
8 School of Mathematical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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– name: 8 School of Mathematical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
– name: 1 School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
– name: 3 Etosha Ecological Institute, Ministry of Environment and Tourism, Okaukeujo, Namibia
– name: 7 Department of Environmental Science, Policy & Management, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
– name: 2 African Wildlife Veterinarian, Outjo, Namibia
– name: Universita degli Studi di Sassari, ITALY
– name: 6 Oppenheimer Fellow in Functional Ecology, Centre for Functional Ecology, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
– name: 5 Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
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  givenname: Nancy A.
  orcidid: 0000-0002-2521-2830
  surname: Barker
  fullname: Barker, Nancy A.
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Francois G.
  surname: Joubert
  fullname: Joubert, Francois G.
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  surname: Stowbunenko
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  surname: Alexander
  fullname: Alexander, Kathleen A.
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  fullname: Slotow, Rob
– sequence: 8
  givenname: Wayne M.
  orcidid: 0000-0001-8784-9354
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BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36735747$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_1002_ecy_4448
crossref_primary_10_1111_jzo_70004
crossref_primary_10_7717_peerj_16749
crossref_primary_10_1002_ece3_11293
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Copyright Copyright: © 2023 Barker et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
COPYRIGHT 2023 Public Library of Science
2023 Barker et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
2023 Barker et al 2023 Barker et al
2023 Barker et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
Copyright_xml – notice: Copyright: © 2023 Barker et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
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– notice: 2023 Barker et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
– notice: 2023 Barker et al 2023 Barker et al
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Issue 2
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License Copyright: © 2023 Barker et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
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Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
RS and WMG also contributed equally to this work.
ORCID 0000-0002-2521-2830
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Snippet Resource partitioning promotes coexistence among guild members, and carnivores reduce interference competition through behavioral mechanisms that promote...
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StartPage e0265054
SubjectTerms Activity patterns
Adaptability
Animals
Anthrax
Aquatic ecosystems
Aridity
Avoidance
Avoidance behavior
Behavior
Biology and Life Sciences
Carnivora
Carnivores
Coexistence
Competition
Conservation
Conspecifics
Crocuta crocuta
Distribution
Ecology and Environmental Sciences
Ecosystem
Ecosystems
Female
Foraging behavior
Habitat utilization
Habitats
Home range
Hyaenidae
Hyenas
Interference
Interspecific relationships
Land cover
Land use
Lions
Male
Males
Medicine and Health Sciences
National parks
Panthera leo
People and Places
Physical Sciences
Predators
Rainy season
Research and Analysis Methods
Resource partitioning
Seasons
Stalking
Sympatric populations
Ungulates
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Title Coursing hyenas and stalking lions: The potential for inter- and intraspecific interactions
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36735747
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2772275442
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https://doaj.org/article/0dd83ef2eb414e31add1731bf4dd04f9
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0265054
Volume 18
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