B-ring-aryl substituted luotonin A analogues with a new binding mode to the topoisomerase 1-DNA complex show enhanced cytotoxic activity

Topoisomerase 1 inhibition is an important strategy in targeted cancer chemotherapy. The drugs currently in use acting on this enzyme belong to the family of the camptothecins, and suffer severe limitations because of their low stability, which is associated with the hydrolysis of the δ-lactone moie...

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Published inPloS one Vol. 9; no. 5; p. e95998
Main Authors González-Ruiz, Víctor, Pascua, Irene, Fernández-Marcelo, Tamara, Ribelles, Pascual, Bianchini, Giulia, Sridharan, Vellaisamy, Iniesta, Pilar, Ramos, M Teresa, Olives, Ana I, Martín, M Antonia, Menéndez, J Carlos
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States Public Library of Science 15.05.2014
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
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Summary:Topoisomerase 1 inhibition is an important strategy in targeted cancer chemotherapy. The drugs currently in use acting on this enzyme belong to the family of the camptothecins, and suffer severe limitations because of their low stability, which is associated with the hydrolysis of the δ-lactone moiety in their E ring. Luotonin A is a natural camptothecin analogue that lacks this functional group and therefore shows a much-improved stability, but at the cost of a lower activity. Therefore, the development of luotonin A analogues with an increased potency is important for progress in this area. In the present paper, a small library of luotonin A analogues modified at their A and B rings was generated by cerium(IV) ammonium nitrate-catalyzed Friedländer reactions. All analogues showed an activity similar or higher than the natural luotonin A in terms of topoisomerase 1 inhibition and some compounds had an activity comparable to that of camptothecin. Furthermore, most compounds showed a better activity than luotonin A in cell cytotoxicity assays. In order to rationalize these results, the first docking studies of luotonin-topoisomerase 1-DNA ternary complexes were undertaken. Most compounds bound in a manner similar to luotonin A and to standard topoisomerase poisons such as topotecan but, interestingly, the two most promising analogues, bearing a 3,5-dimethylphenyl substituent at ring B, docked in a different orientation. This binding mode allows the hydrophobic moiety to be shielded from the aqueous environment by being buried between the deoxyribose belonging to the G(+1) guanine and Arg364 in the scissile strand and the surface of the protein and a hydrogen bond between the D-ring carbonyl and the basic amino acid. The discovery of this new binding mode and its associated higher inhibitory potency is a significant advance in the design of new topoisomerase 1 inhibitors.
Bibliography:Conceived and designed the experiments: VGR IP TFM PR GB VS PI MTR AIO MAM JCM. Performed the experiments: VGR IP TFM PR GB VS. Analyzed the data: VGR IP TFM PR GB VS PI MTR AIO MAM JCM. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: PI MTR AIO MAM JCM. Wrote the paper: VGR IP TFM PR GB VS PI MTR AIO MAM JCM.
Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
ISSN:1932-6203
1932-6203
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0095998