5000 years of dietary variations of prehistoric farmers in the Great Hungarian Plain

The development of farming was a catalyst for the evolution of the human diet from the varied subsistence practices of hunter-gatherers to the more globalised food economy we depend upon today. Although there has been considerable research into the dietary changes associated with the initial spread...

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Published inPloS one Vol. 13; no. 5; p. e0197214
Main Authors Gamarra, Beatriz, Howcroft, Rachel, McCall, Ashley, Dani, János, Hajdú, Zsigmond, Nagy, Emese Gyöngyvér, Szabó, László D, Domboróczki, László, Pap, Ildikó, Raczky, Pál, Marcsik, Antónia, Zoffmann, Zsuzsanna K, Hajdu, Tamás, Feeney, Robin N M, Pinhasi, Ron
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States Public Library of Science 10.05.2018
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Abstract The development of farming was a catalyst for the evolution of the human diet from the varied subsistence practices of hunter-gatherers to the more globalised food economy we depend upon today. Although there has been considerable research into the dietary changes associated with the initial spread of farming, less attention has been given to how dietary choices continued to develop during subsequent millennia. A paleogenomic time transect for 5 millennia of human occupation in the Great Hungarian Plain spanning from the advent of the Neolithic to the Iron Age, showed major genomic turnovers. Here we assess where these genetic turnovers are associated with corresponding dietary shifts, by examining the carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios of 52 individuals. Results provide evidence that early Neolithic individuals, which were genetically characterised as Mesolithic hunter-gatherers, relied on wild resources to a greater extent than those whose genomic attributes were of typical Neolithic European farmers. Other Neolithic individuals and those from the Copper Age to Bronze Age periods relied mostly on terrestrial C3 plant resources. We also report a carbon isotopic ratio typical of C4 plants, which may indicate millet consumption in the Late Bronze Age, despite suggestions of the crop's earlier arrival in Europe during the Neolithic.
AbstractList The development of farming was a catalyst for the evolution of the human diet from the varied subsistence practices of hunter-gatherers to the more globalised food economy we depend upon today. Although there has been considerable research into the dietary changes associated with the initial spread of farming, less attention has been given to how dietary choices continued to develop during subsequent millennia. A paleogenomic time transect for 5 millennia of human occupation in the Great Hungarian Plain spanning from the advent of the Neolithic to the Iron Age, showed major genomic turnovers. Here we assess where these genetic turnovers are associated with corresponding dietary shifts, by examining the carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios of 52 individuals. Results provide evidence that early Neolithic individuals, which were genetically characterised as Mesolithic hunter-gatherers, relied on wild resources to a greater extent than those whose genomic attributes were of typical Neolithic European farmers. Other Neolithic individuals and those from the Copper Age to Bronze Age periods relied mostly on terrestrial C3 plant resources. We also report a carbon isotopic ratio typical of C4 plants, which may indicate millet consumption in the Late Bronze Age, despite suggestions of the crop's earlier arrival in Europe during the Neolithic.
The development of farming was a catalyst for the evolution of the human diet from the varied subsistence practices of hunter-gatherers to the more globalised food economy we depend upon today. Although there has been considerable research into the dietary changes associated with the initial spread of farming, less attention has been given to how dietary choices continued to develop during subsequent millennia. A paleogenomic time transect for 5 millennia of human occupation in the Great Hungarian Plain spanning from the advent of the Neolithic to the Iron Age, showed major genomic turnovers. Here we assess where these genetic turnovers are associated with corresponding dietary shifts, by examining the carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios of 52 individuals. Results provide evidence that early Neolithic individuals, which were genetically characterised as Mesolithic hunter-gatherers, relied on wild resources to a greater extent than those whose genomic attributes were of typical Neolithic European farmers. Other Neolithic individuals and those from the Copper Age to Bronze Age periods relied mostly on terrestrial C 3 plant resources. We also report a carbon isotopic ratio typical of C 4 plants, which may indicate millet consumption in the Late Bronze Age, despite suggestions of the crop’s earlier arrival in Europe during the Neolithic.
The development of farming was a catalyst for the evolution of the human diet from the varied subsistence practices of hunter-gatherers to the more globalised food economy we depend upon today. Although there has been considerable research into the dietary changes associated with the initial spread of farming, less attention has been given to how dietary choices continued to develop during subsequent millennia. A paleogenomic time transect for 5 millennia of human occupation in the Great Hungarian Plain spanning from the advent of the Neolithic to the Iron Age, showed major genomic turnovers. Here we assess where these genetic turnovers are associated with corresponding dietary shifts, by examining the carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios of 52 individuals. Results provide evidence that early Neolithic individuals, which were genetically characterised as Mesolithic hunter-gatherers, relied on wild resources to a greater extent than those whose genomic attributes were of typical Neolithic European farmers. Other Neolithic individuals and those from the Copper Age to Bronze Age periods relied mostly on terrestrial C.sub.3 plant resources. We also report a carbon isotopic ratio typical of C.sub.4 plants, which may indicate millet consumption in the Late Bronze Age, despite suggestions of the crop's earlier arrival in Europe during the Neolithic.
The development of farming was a catalyst for the evolution of the human diet from the varied subsistence practices of hunter-gatherers to the more globalised food economy we depend upon today. Although there has been considerable research into the dietary changes associated with the initial spread of farming, less attention has been given to how dietary choices continued to develop during subsequent millennia. A paleogenomic time transect for 5 millennia of human occupation in the Great Hungarian Plain spanning from the advent of the Neolithic to the Iron Age, showed major genomic turnovers. Here we assess where these genetic turnovers are associated with corresponding dietary shifts, by examining the carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios of 52 individuals. Results provide evidence that early Neolithic individuals, which were genetically characterised as Mesolithic hunter-gatherers, relied on wild resources to a greater extent than those whose genomic attributes were of typical Neolithic European farmers. Other Neolithic individuals and those from the Copper Age to Bronze Age periods relied mostly on terrestrial C 3 plant resources. We also report a carbon isotopic ratio typical of C 4 plants, which may indicate millet consumption in the Late Bronze Age, despite suggestions of the crop’s earlier arrival in Europe during the Neolithic.
Audience Academic
Author Hajdú, Zsigmond
Feeney, Robin N M
Pap, Ildikó
Zoffmann, Zsuzsanna K
Howcroft, Rachel
Nagy, Emese Gyöngyvér
Pinhasi, Ron
Dani, János
Marcsik, Antónia
Domboróczki, László
Hajdu, Tamás
Gamarra, Beatriz
Szabó, László D
McCall, Ashley
Raczky, Pál
AuthorAffiliation Museo delle Civiltà, ITALY
5 István Dobó Castle Museum, Eger, Hungary
1 School of Archaeology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
2 Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
10 Department of Biological Anthropology, Institute of Biology, EötvösLoránd University, Budapest, Hungary
4 Déri Museum, Debrecen, Hungary
3 Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
7 Insitute of Archaeological Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
9 Hungarian National Museum, Budapest, Hungary
11 School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
6 Department of Anthropology, Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest, Hungary
8 University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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ContentType Journal Article
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2018 Gamarra et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
2018 Gamarra et al 2018 Gamarra et al
Copyright_xml – notice: COPYRIGHT 2018 Public Library of Science
– notice: 2018 Gamarra et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
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content type line 23
Current address: Department of Anthropology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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Snippet The development of farming was a catalyst for the evolution of the human diet from the varied subsistence practices of hunter-gatherers to the more globalised...
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StartPage e0197214
SubjectTerms Age
Agriculture
Archaeology
Barley
Biogeochemistry
Biology and Life Sciences
Carbon
Cattle
Cereals
Collagen
Copper
Diet
Earth Sciences
Evolutionary biology
Farm buildings
Farmers
Farming
Globalization
Iron
Isotope ratios
Isotopes
Legumes
Medicine and Health Sciences
Millet
Museums
Neolithic
Nitrogen
Physical Sciences
Plant resources
Prehistoric
Prehistoric era
Stable isotopes
Stone Age
Terrestrial environments
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Title 5000 years of dietary variations of prehistoric farmers in the Great Hungarian Plain
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29746569
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https://doaj.org/article/6deb4fb35ca046898685bd7a8a795e29
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0197214
Volume 13
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