The University of Michigan Dioxin Exposure Study: Population Survey Results and Serum Concentrations for Polychlorinated Dioxins, Furans, and Biphenyls
Background: The University of Michigan Dioxin Exposure Study was undertaken to address concerns that the discharge of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) from the Dow Chemical Company in the Midland, Michigan, area had resulted in contamination of soil...
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| Published in | Environmental health perspectives Vol. 117; no. 5; pp. 811 - 817 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
United States
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. National Institutes of Health. Department of Health and Human Services
01.05.2009
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | Background: The University of Michigan Dioxin Exposure Study was undertaken to address concerns that the discharge of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) from the Dow Chemical Company in the Midland, Michigan, area had resulted in contamination of soils in the Tittabawassee River floodplain and the city of Midland, leading to an increase in residents' body burdens of these compounds. Objective: In this article we present descriptive statistics from the resident survey and sampling of human serum, household dust, and soil and compare them with other published values. Methods: From a multistage random sample of populations in four areas of Midland and Saginaw counties and from a distant referent population, we interviewed 946 adults, who also donated blood for analysis of PCDDs, PCDFs, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Samples of household dust and house perimeter soil were collected from consenting subjects who owned their property. Results: All five study populations were comparable in age, race, sex, and length of residence in their current home. Regional differences existed in employment history, personal contact with contaminated soils, and consumption of fish and game from contaminated areas. Median soil concentrations were significantly increased around homes in the Tittabawassee River floodplain (11.4 ppt) and within the city of Midland (58.2 ppt) compared with the referent population (3.6 ppt). Median serum toxic equivalencies were significantly increased in people who lived in the floodplain (23.2 ppt) compared with the referent population (18.5 ppt). Conclusions: Differences in serum dioxin concentrations among the populations were small but statistically significant. Regression modeling is needed to identify whether the serum concentrations of PCDDs, PCDFs, and PCBs are associated with contaminated soils, household dust, and other factors. |
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| AbstractList | BACKGROUND: The University of Michigan Dioxin Exposure Study was undertaken to address concerns that the discharge of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzo furans (PCDFs) from the Dow Chemical Company in the Midland, Michigan, area had resulted in contamination of soils in the Tittabawassee River floodplain and the city of Midland, leading to an increase in residents' body burdens of these compounds. OBJECTIVE: In this article we present descriptive statistics from the resident survey and sampling of human serum, household dust, and soil and compare them with other published values. METHODS: From a multistage random sample of populations in four areas of Midland and Saginaw counties and from a distant referent population, we interviewed 946 adults, who also donated blood for analysis of PCDDs, PCDFs, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Samples of household dust and house perimeter soil were collected from consenting subjects who owned their property. RESULTS: All five study populations were comparable in age, race, sex, and length of residence in their current home. Regional differences existed in employment history, personal contact with contaminated soils, and consumption of fish and game from contaminated areas. Median soil concentrations were significantly increased around homes in the Tittabawassee River floodplain (11.4 ppt) and within the city of Midland (58.2 ppt) compared with the referent population (3.6 ppt). Median serum toxic equivalencies were significantly increased in people who lived in the floodplain (23.2 ppt) compared with the referent population (18.5 ppt). CONCLUSIONS: Differences in serum dioxin concentrations among the populations were small but statistically significant. Regression modeling is needed to identify whether the serum concentrations of PCDDs, PCDFs, and PCBs are associated with contaminated soils, household dust, and other factors. The University of Michigan Dioxin Exposure Study was undertaken to address concerns that the discharge of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzo furans (PCDFs) from the Dow Chemical Company in the Midland, Michigan, area had resulted in contamination of soils in the Tittabawassee River floodplain and the city of Midland, leading to an increase in residents' body burdens of these compounds.BACKGROUNDThe University of Michigan Dioxin Exposure Study was undertaken to address concerns that the discharge of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzo furans (PCDFs) from the Dow Chemical Company in the Midland, Michigan, area had resulted in contamination of soils in the Tittabawassee River floodplain and the city of Midland, leading to an increase in residents' body burdens of these compounds.In this article we present descriptive statistics from the resident survey and sampling of human serum, household dust, and soil and compare them with other published values.OBJECTIVEIn this article we present descriptive statistics from the resident survey and sampling of human serum, household dust, and soil and compare them with other published values.From a multistage random sample of populations in four areas of Midland and Saginaw counties and from a distant referent population, we interviewed 946 adults, who also donated blood for analysis of PCDDs, PCDFs, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Samples of household dust and house perimeter soil were collected from consenting subjects who owned their property.METHODSFrom a multistage random sample of populations in four areas of Midland and Saginaw counties and from a distant referent population, we interviewed 946 adults, who also donated blood for analysis of PCDDs, PCDFs, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Samples of household dust and house perimeter soil were collected from consenting subjects who owned their property.All five study populations were comparable in age, race, sex, and length of residence in their current home. Regional differences existed in employment history, personal contact with contaminated soils, and consumption of fish and game from contaminated areas. Median soil concentrations were significantly increased around homes in the Tittabawassee River floodplain (11.4 ppt) and within the city of Midland (58.2 ppt) compared with the referent population (3.6 ppt). Median serum toxic equivalencies were significantly increased in people who lived in the floodplain (23.2 ppt) compared with the referent population (18.5 ppt).RESULTSAll five study populations were comparable in age, race, sex, and length of residence in their current home. Regional differences existed in employment history, personal contact with contaminated soils, and consumption of fish and game from contaminated areas. Median soil concentrations were significantly increased around homes in the Tittabawassee River floodplain (11.4 ppt) and within the city of Midland (58.2 ppt) compared with the referent population (3.6 ppt). Median serum toxic equivalencies were significantly increased in people who lived in the floodplain (23.2 ppt) compared with the referent population (18.5 ppt).Differences in serum dioxin concentrations among the populations were small but statistically significant. Regression modeling is needed to identify whether the serum concentrations of PCDDs, PCDFs, and PCBs are associated with contaminated soils, household dust, and other factors.CONCLUSIONSDifferences in serum dioxin concentrations among the populations were small but statistically significant. Regression modeling is needed to identify whether the serum concentrations of PCDDs, PCDFs, and PCBs are associated with contaminated soils, household dust, and other factors. Background: The University of Michigan Dioxin Exposure Study was undertaken to address concerns that the discharge of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) from the Dow Chemical Company in the Midland, Michigan, area had resulted in contamination of soils in the Tittabawassee River floodplain and the city of Midland, leading to an increase in residents' body burdens of these compounds. Objective: In this article we present descriptive statistics from the resident survey and sampling of human serum, household dust, and soil and compare them with other published values. Methods: From a multistage random sample of populations in four areas of Midland and Saginaw counties and from a distant referent population, we interviewed 946 adults, who also donated blood for analysis of PCDDs, PCDFs, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Samples of household dust and house perimeter soil were collected from consenting subjects who owned their property. Results: All five study populations were comparable in age, race, sex, and length of residence in their current home. Regional differences existed in employment history, personal contact with contaminated soils, and consumption of fish and game from contaminated areas. Median soil concentrations were significantly increased around homes in the Tittabawassee River floodplain (11.4 ppt) and within the city of Midland (58.2 ppt) compared with the referent population (3.6 ppt). Median serum toxic equivalencies were significantly increased in people who lived in the floodplain (23.2 ppt) compared with the referent population (18.5 ppt). Conclusions: Differences in serum dioxin concentrations among the populations were small but statistically significant. Regression modeling is needed to identify whether the serum concentrations of PCDDs, PCDFs, and PCBs are associated with contaminated soils, household dust, and other factors. The University of Michigan Dioxin Exposure Study was undertaken to address concerns that the discharge of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzo furans (PCDFs) from the Dow Chemical Company in the Midland, Michigan, area had resulted in contamination of soils in the Tittabawassee River floodplain and the city of Midland, leading to an increase in residents' body burdens of these compounds. In this article we present descriptive statistics from the resident survey and sampling of human serum, household dust, and soil and compare them with other published values. From a multistage random sample of populations in four areas of Midland and Saginaw counties and from a distant referent population, we interviewed 946 adults, who also donated blood for analysis of PCDDs, PCDFs, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Samples of household dust and house perimeter soil were collected from consenting subjects who owned their property. All five study populations were comparable in age, race, sex, and length of residence in their current home. Regional differences existed in employment history, personal contact with contaminated soils, and consumption of fish and game from contaminated areas. Median soil concentrations were significantly increased around homes in the Tittabawassee River floodplain (11.4 ppt) and within the city of Midland (58.2 ppt) compared with the referent population (3.6 ppt). Median serum toxic equivalencies were significantly increased in people who lived in the floodplain (23.2 ppt) compared with the referent population (18.5 ppt). Differences in serum dioxin concentrations among the populations were small but statistically significant. Regression modeling is needed to identify whether the serum concentrations of PCDDs, PCDFs, and PCBs are associated with contaminated soils, household dust, and other factors. The University of Michigan Dioxin Exposure Study was undertaken to address concerns that the discharge of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzo furans (PCDFs) from the Dow Chemical Company in the Midland, Michigan, area had resulted in contamination of soils in the Tittabawassee River floodplain and the city of Midland, leading to an increase in residents' body burdens of these compounds. In this article we present descriptive statistics from the resident survey and sampling of human serum, household dust, and soil and compare them with other published values. From a multistage random sample of populations in four areas of Midland and Saginaw counties and from a distant referent population, we interviewed 946 adults, who also donated blood for analysis of PCDDs, PCDFs, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Samples of household dust and house perimeter soil were collected from consenting subjects who owned their property. All five study populations were comparable in age, race, sex, and length of residence in their current home. Regional differences existed in employment history, personal contact with contaminated soils, and consumption of fish and game from contaminated areas. Median soil concentrations were significantly increased around homes in the Tittabawassee River floodplain (11.4 ppt) and within the city of Midland (58.2 ppt) compared with the referent population (3.6 ppt). Median serum toxic equivalencies were significantly increased in people who lived in the floodplain (23.2 ppt) compared with the referent population (18.5 ppt). Differences in serum dioxin concentrations among the populations were small but statistically significant. Regression modeling is needed to identify whether the serum concentrations of PCDDs, PCDFs, and PCBs are associated with contaminated soils, household dust, and other factors. |
| Audience | Academic |
| Author | Gillespie, Brenda W. LaDronka, Kathleen Chang, Chiung-Wen Ward, Barbara Franzblau, Alfred Garabrant, David H. Adriaens, Peter Hedgeman, Elizabeth Lepkowski, James Demond, Avery Olson, Kristen Hong, Biling Chen, Qixuan |
| AuthorAffiliation | 3 Department of Sociology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA 2 Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA 1 Department of Environmental Health Sciences and Risk Science Center and 4 Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA 5 Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan College of Engineering, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 5 Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan College of Engineering, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA – name: 4 Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA – name: 3 Department of Sociology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA – name: 2 Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA – name: 1 Department of Environmental Health Sciences and Risk Science Center and |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Elizabeth surname: Hedgeman fullname: Hedgeman, Elizabeth – sequence: 2 givenname: Qixuan surname: Chen fullname: Chen, Qixuan – sequence: 3 givenname: Biling surname: Hong fullname: Hong, Biling – sequence: 4 givenname: Chiung-Wen surname: Chang fullname: Chang, Chiung-Wen – sequence: 5 givenname: Kristen surname: Olson fullname: Olson, Kristen – sequence: 6 givenname: Kathleen surname: LaDronka fullname: LaDronka, Kathleen – sequence: 7 givenname: Barbara surname: Ward fullname: Ward, Barbara – sequence: 8 givenname: Peter surname: Adriaens fullname: Adriaens, Peter – sequence: 9 givenname: Avery surname: Demond fullname: Demond, Avery – sequence: 10 givenname: Brenda W. surname: Gillespie fullname: Gillespie, Brenda W. – sequence: 11 givenname: James surname: Lepkowski fullname: Lepkowski, James – sequence: 12 givenname: Alfred surname: Franzblau fullname: Franzblau, Alfred – sequence: 13 givenname: David H. surname: Garabrant fullname: Garabrant, David H. |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19479026$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Keywords | dioxins biomonitoring polychlorinated biphenyls environmental exposure furans survey soil serum dust |
| Language | English |
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| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23 ObjectType-Article-2 ObjectType-Feature-1 A.F. and D.H.G. have at times been retained as consultants and served as expert witnesses for Dow Chemical Company. The remaining authors declare they have no competing financial interests. |
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| PublicationTitle | Environmental health perspectives |
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| PublicationYear | 2009 |
| Publisher | National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. National Institutes of Health. Department of Health and Human Services National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences |
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| References_xml | – ident: e_1_3_2_21_1 doi: 10.1007/BF01055015 – ident: e_1_3_2_17_1 – volume-title: Evaluation of PCDDs and PCDFs in Wild Game Taken from the Floodplain along the Tittabawassee River year: 2004 ident: e_1_3_2_5_1 – ident: e_1_3_2_10_1 doi: 10.1289/ehp.11777 – ident: e_1_3_2_28_1 – ident: e_1_3_2_25_1 – ident: e_1_3_2_13_1 doi: 10.1080/1047322X.1990.10389587 – ident: e_1_3_2_32_1 doi: 10.1038/sj.jes.7500609 – ident: e_1_3_2_22_1 doi: 10.1080/152873901750128326 – ident: e_1_3_2_9_1 doi: 10.1289/ehp.11779 – ident: e_1_3_2_27_1 – ident: e_1_3_2_19_1 doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6866(1997)17:4/5<225::AID-TCM5>3.0.CO;2-K – ident: e_1_3_2_16_1 – ident: e_1_3_2_24_1 – ident: e_1_3_2_12_1 doi: 10.1021/es020920c – ident: e_1_3_2_2_1 doi: 10.1021/es960306z – ident: e_1_3_2_18_1 – ident: e_1_3_2_3_1 doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2003.09.040 – ident: e_1_3_2_15_1 – volume: 70 start-page: 86 year: 2008 ident: e_1_3_2_8_1 article-title: The University of Michigan Dioxin Exposure Study: a follow-up investigation of a case with high serum concentration of 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzo-furan publication-title: Organohalogen Compounds – ident: e_1_3_2_31_1 doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfl055 – volume: 73 start-page: S61 issue: 1 year: 2008 ident: e_1_3_2_20_1 article-title: Total TEQ reference range (PCDDs, PCDFs, cPCBs, mono-PCBs) for the US population 2001–2002 publication-title: Chemosphere doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.08.074 – ident: e_1_3_2_30_1 doi: 10.1289/ehp.98106775 – volume-title: 2004 Michigan Family Fish Consumption Guide year: 2004 ident: e_1_3_2_14_1 – ident: e_1_3_2_4_1 doi: 10.1021/es702554g – ident: e_1_3_2_7_1 doi: 10.1289/ehp.10594 – ident: e_1_3_2_6_1 doi: 10.1038/sj.jes.7500498 – ident: e_1_3_2_26_1 – volume: 38 start-page: 290 year: 1976 ident: e_1_3_2_23_1 article-title: The empirical distribution function with arbitrarily, grouped, censored, and truncated data publication-title: J R Stat Soc B doi: 10.1111/j.2517-6161.1976.tb01597.x – ident: e_1_3_2_11_1 doi: 10.1021/es7024966 – ident: e_1_3_2_29_1 |
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| Snippet | Background: The University of Michigan Dioxin Exposure Study was undertaken to address concerns that the discharge of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs)... The University of Michigan Dioxin Exposure Study was undertaken to address concerns that the discharge of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and... BACKGROUND: The University of Michigan Dioxin Exposure Study was undertaken to address concerns that the discharge of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs)... |
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| SubjectTerms | Adult Benzofurans - analysis Benzofurans - blood By-products Censuses Chemical industry Congeners Contamination Data Collection Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated Dioxin Dioxins Discharge Dust Dust - analysis Dust control Environmental agencies Environmental aspects Environmental Exposure - analysis Flooded soils Floodplains Freshwater Freshwater fishes Furans Health Health aspects Herbicides Households Humans Mathematical models Michigan Multistage PCB Pesticides Pesticides industry Plumes Polychlorinated biphenyls Polychlorinated Biphenyls - analysis Polychlorinated Biphenyls - blood Polychlorinated dibenzodioxins Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins - analogs & derivatives Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins - analysis Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins - blood Polychlorinated dibenzofurans Race Regional Rivers Samples Serums Soil contamination Soil Pollutants - analysis Soil pollution Soil samples Soils Statistical analysis Statistical methods United States Universities |
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| Title | The University of Michigan Dioxin Exposure Study: Population Survey Results and Serum Concentrations for Polychlorinated Dioxins, Furans, and Biphenyls |
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