An NMR-based metabolomic approach to investigate the effects of supplementation with glutamic acid in piglets challenged with deoxynivalenol

• Published in: PloS one Vol. 9; no. 12; p. e113687
• Main Authors: Wu, Miaomiao, Xiao, Hao, Ren, Wenkai, Yin, Jie, Hu, Jiayu, Duan, Jielin, Liu, Gang, Tan, Bie, Xiong, Xia, Oso, Abimbola Oladele, Adeola, Olayiwola, Yao, Kang, Yin, Yulong, Li, Tiejun
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Public Library of Science 11.12.2014; Public Library of Science (PLoS)
• Subjects: Acetic acid; Alanine; Amino acids; Animals; Arginine; Biology and Life Sciences; Cardiovascular disease; Caspase; Caspase 3 - metabolism; Caspase-3; Cell proliferation; Cell Proliferation - drug effects; Choline; Citric acid; Creatinine; Density; Deoxynivalenol; Diabetes; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Energy metabolism; Engineering research; Epithelial cells; Feed science; Feeds; Food Contamination; Gastroenterology; Glutamate; Glutamic acid; Glutamic Acid - pharmacology; Glutathione; Glutathione peroxidase; Glutathione Peroxidase - blood; Glycine; Glycoproteins; Hogs; Ileum; Ingestion; Intestines - cytology; Jejunum; Laboratories; Lactates; Lactic acid; Lipids; Lipoproteins; Livestock; Low density lipoproteins; Magnetic resonance; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Metabolism; Metabolites; Metabolomics; NMR; Nuclear magnetic resonance; Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; Nutrition; Oxidative stress; Peroxidase; Proline; Spectroscopy; Spectrum analysis; Superoxide dismutase; Superoxide Dismutase - blood; Superoxides; Swine; Toxicity; Transplants & implants; Trichothecenes - toxicity; Trimethylamine; Urea; Weaning; Beijing China; China
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113687
• ISSN: 1932-6203

Deoxynivalenol (DON) has various toxicological effects in humans and pigs that result from the ingestion of contaminated cereal products. This study was conducted to investigate the protective effects of dietary supplementation with glutamic acid on piglets challenged with DON. A total of 20 piglets weaned at 28 d of age were randomly assigned to receive 1 of 4 treatments (5 piglets/treatment): 1) basal diet, negative control (NC); 2) basal diet +4 mg/kg DON (DON); 3) basal diet +2% (g/g) glutamic acid (GLU); 4) basal diet +4 mg/kg DON +2% glutamic acid (DG). A 7-d adaptation period was followed by 30 days of treatment. A metabolite analysis using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR)-based metabolomic technology and the determination of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities for plasma, as well as the activity of Caspase-3 and the proliferation of epithelial cells were conducted. The results showed that contents of low-density lipoprotein, alanine, arginine, acetate, glycoprotein, trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), glycine, lactate, and urea, as well as the glutamate/creatinine ratio were higher but high-density lipoprotein, proline, citrate, choline, unsaturated lipids and fumarate were lower in piglets of DON treatment than that of NC treatment (P<0.05). Compared with DON treatment, dietary supplementation with glutamic acid increased the plasma concentrations of proline, citrate, creatinine, unsaturated lipids, and fumarate, and decreased the concentrations of alanine, glycoprotein, TMAO, glycine, and lactate, as well as the glutamate/creatinine ratio (P<0.05). Addition glutamic acid to DON treatment increased the plasma activities of SOD and GSH-Px and the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) labeling indexes for the jejunum and ileum (P<0.05). These novel findings indicate that glutamic acid has the potential to repair the injuries associated with oxidative stress as well as the disturbances of energy and amino acid metabolism induced by DON.