Long-Term Trends in Esophageal Candidiasis Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors with or without HIV Infection: Lessons from an Endoscopic Study of 80,219 Patients

• Published in: PloS one Vol. 10; no. 7; p. e0133589
• Main Authors: Takahashi, Yuta, Nagata, Naoyoshi, Shimbo, Takuro, Nishijima, Takeshi, Watanabe, Koji, Aoki, Tomonori, Sekine, Katsunori, Okubo, Hidetaka, Watanabe, Kazuhiro, Sakurai, Toshiyuki, Yokoi, Chizu, Kobayakawa, Masao, Yazaki, Hirohisa, Teruya, Katsuji, Gatanaga, Hiroyuki, Kikuchi, Yoshimi, Mine, Sohtaro, Igari, Toru, Takahashi, Yuko, Mimori, Akio, Oka, Shinichi, Akiyama, Junichi, Uemura, Naomi
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Public Library of Science 24.07.2015; Public Library of Science (PLoS)
• Subjects: Acetaminophen; Acquired immune deficiency syndrome; Activities of daily living; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aging; AIDS; Alcoholic beverages; Antineoplastic drugs; Antiretroviral agents; Antiretroviral drugs; Antitumor agents; Cancer therapies; Candida; Candidiasis; Candidiasis - epidemiology; Cardiovascular diseases; Case-Control Studies; CD4 antigen; Chronic kidney failure; Cirrhosis; Coinfection; Corticoids; Corticosteroids; Defense mechanisms; Diabetes mellitus; Drug therapy; Drugs; Endoscopy; Endoscopy, Digestive System; Esophagitis; Esophagitis - epidemiology; Esophagitis - microbiology; Esophagus; Female; Gastric cancer; Gastroenterology; Glucocorticoids; Health aspects; Health risks; Hepatitis; Hepatitis B; Hepatology; Highly active antiretroviral therapy; HIV; HIV infections; HIV Infections - epidemiology; HIV tests; Hospitals; Human immunodeficiency virus; Humans; Immunosuppressive agents; Infections; Kidney transplantation; Liver; Liver cirrhosis; Liver diseases; Male; Medical diagnosis; Medical research; Medical screening; Medicine; Middle Aged; Multivariate analysis; Mycoses; Odds Ratio; Patients; Pneumonia; Population; Prednisone; Prevalence; Prevalence studies (Epidemiology); Proton pump inhibitors; Rheumatic diseases; Risk analysis; Risk factors; Sexual behavior; Sexually transmitted diseases; Smoking; STD; Stomach cancer; Studies; Syphilis; Trends; Viruses

The prevalence of candida esophagitis (CE) might be changing in an era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) among HIV-infected patients or today's rapidly aging society among non-HIV-infected patients. However, few studies have investigated long-term CE trends, and CE risk factors ha...