Duration of intervals in the care seeking pathway for lung cancer in Bangladesh: A journey from symptoms triggering consultation to receipt of treatment

• Published in: PloS one Vol. 16; no. 9; p. e0257301
• Main Authors: Ansar, Adnan, Lewis, Virginia, McDonald, Christine Faye, Liu, Chaojie, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Public Library of Science 10.09.2021; Public Library of Science (PLoS)
• Subjects: Adult; Aged; Bangladesh - epidemiology; Biology and Life Sciences; Cancer therapies; Care and treatment; Caregivers; Consent; Cough; Cross-Sectional Studies; Data collection; Developing countries; Diagnosis; Disease; Drug stores; Early Detection of Cancer - methods; Educational Status; Female; Health care; Health Personnel; Health services; Health Services Accessibility; Hospitals; Humans; Illiteracy; Income; Intervals; LDCs; Lung cancer; Lung diseases; Lung Neoplasms - diagnosis; Lung Neoplasms - epidemiology; Lung Neoplasms - therapy; Male; Medical care; Medical diagnosis; Medical prognosis; Medical referrals; Medicine; Medicine and Health Sciences; Middle Aged; Midwifery; Nominations; Nursing schools; Pain; Patient Acceptance of Health Care; Patients; People and Places; Pharmacy; Physicians; Primary care; Prognosis; Public health; Questionnaires; Referral and Consultation; Reproducibility of Results; Rural areas; Rural Population; Sleep; Socioeconomic Factors; Surveys and Questionnaires; Symptom Assessment; Treatment Outcome; Utilization; Bangladesh; Australia; Melbourne Victoria Australia
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257301
• ISSN: 1932-6203

Timeliness in seeking care is critical for lung cancer patients' survival and better prognosis. The care seeking trajectory of patients with lung cancer in Bangladesh has not been explored, despite the differences in health systems and structures compared to high income countries. This study investigated the symptoms triggering healthcare seeking, preferred healthcare providers (including informal healthcare providers such as pharmacy retailers, village doctors, and "traditional healers"), and the duration of intervals in the lung cancer care pathway of patients in Bangladesh. A cross-sectional study was conducted in three tertiary care hospitals in Bangladesh among diagnosed lung cancer patients through face-to-face interview and medical record review. Time intervals from onset of symptom and care seeking events were calculated and compared between those who sought initial care from different providers using Wilcoxon rank sum tests. Among 418 study participants, the majority (90%) of whom were males, with a mean age of 57 ±9.86 years, cough and chest pain were the most common (23%) combination of symptoms triggering healthcare seeking. About two-thirds of the total respondents (60%) went to informal healthcare providers as their first point of contact. Living in rural areas, lower levels of education and lower income were associated with seeking care from such providers. The median duration between onset of symptom to confirmation of diagnosis was 121 days, between confirmation of diagnosis and initiation of treatment was 22 days, and between onset of symptom and initiation of treatment was 151 days. Pre-diagnosis durations were longer for those who had sought initial care from an informal provider (p<0.05). Time to first contact with a health provider was shorter in this study compared to other developed and developing countries but utilizing informal healthcare providers caused delays in diagnosis and initiation of treatment. Encouraging people to seek care from a formal healthcare provider may reduce the overall duration of the care seeking pathway.