IL-15 participates in the respiratory innate immune response to influenza virus infection
Following influenza infection, natural killer (NK) cells function as interim effectors by suppressing viral replication until CD8 T cells are activated, proliferate, and are mobilized within the respiratory tract. Thus, NK cells are an important first line of defense against influenza virus. Here, i...
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Published in | PloS one Vol. 7; no. 5; p. e37539 |
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Main Authors | , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
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18.05.2012
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Abstract | Following influenza infection, natural killer (NK) cells function as interim effectors by suppressing viral replication until CD8 T cells are activated, proliferate, and are mobilized within the respiratory tract. Thus, NK cells are an important first line of defense against influenza virus. Here, in a murine model of influenza, we show that virally-induced IL-15 facilitates the trafficking of NK cells into the lung airways. Blocking IL-15 delays NK cell entry to the site of infection and results in a disregulated control of early viral replication. By the same principle, viral control by NK cells can be therapeutically enhanced via intranasal administration of exogenous IL-15 in the early days post influenza infection. In addition to controlling early viral replication, this IL-15-induced mobilization of NK cells to the lung airways has important downstream consequences on adaptive responses. Primarily, depletion of responding NK1.1+ NK cells is associated with reduced immigration of influenza-specific CD8 T cells to the site of infection. Together this work suggests that local deposits of IL-15 in the lung airways regulate the coordinated innate and adaptive immune responses to influenza infection and may represent an important point of immune intervention. |
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AbstractList | Following influenza infection, natural killer (NK) cells function as interim effectors by suppressing viral replication until CD8 T cells are activated, proliferate, and are mobilized within the respiratory tract. Thus, NK cells are an important first line of defense against influenza virus. Here, in a murine model of influenza, we show that virally-induced IL-15 facilitates the trafficking of NK cells into the lung airways. Blocking IL-15 delays NK cell entry to the site of infection and results in a disregulated control of early viral replication. By the same principle, viral control by NK cells can be therapeutically enhanced via intranasal administration of exogenous IL-15 in the early days post influenza infection. In addition to controlling early viral replication, this IL-15-induced mobilization of NK cells to the lung airways has important downstream consequences on adaptive responses. Primarily, depletion of responding NK1.1+ NK cells is associated with reduced immigration of influenza-specific CD8 T cells to the site of infection. Together this work suggests that local deposits of IL-15 in the lung airways regulate the coordinated innate and adaptive immune responses to influenza infection and may represent an important point of immune intervention. |
Audience | Academic |
Author | Klonowski, Kimberly D Field, Mary B Verbist, Katherine C Rose, David L Cole, Charles J |
AuthorAffiliation | 1 Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America MRC National Institute for Medical Research, United Kingdom 2 Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America |
AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 2 Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America – name: MRC National Institute for Medical Research, United Kingdom – name: 1 Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Katherine C surname: Verbist fullname: Verbist, Katherine C organization: Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America – sequence: 2 givenname: David L surname: Rose fullname: Rose, David L – sequence: 3 givenname: Charles J surname: Cole fullname: Cole, Charles J – sequence: 4 givenname: Mary B surname: Field fullname: Field, Mary B – sequence: 5 givenname: Kimberly D surname: Klonowski fullname: Klonowski, Kimberly D |
BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22624047$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 Conceived and designed the experiments: KV KK. Performed the experiments: KV CJC MF DR. Analyzed the data: KV MF. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: KK. Wrote the paper: KV DR KK. |
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Snippet | Following influenza infection, natural killer (NK) cells function as interim effectors by suppressing viral replication until CD8 T cells are activated,... |
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SubjectTerms | Adaptive immunity Analysis Animal models Animals Antigens Biology Bronchoalveolar Lavage CD8 antigen Cell Movement - drug effects Cell Movement - immunology Cellular biology Chemokines Cytokines Dendritic cells Flow Cytometry Gene expression Health aspects Immigration Immune response Immune system Immunity, Innate - immunology Infections Influenza Influenza viruses Innate immunity Interleukin 15 Interleukin-15 - immunology Interleukin-15 - pharmacology Intranasal administration Killer cells Killer Cells, Natural - drug effects Killer Cells, Natural - immunology Laboratory animals Lungs Lymphocytes Lymphocytes T Medicine Mice Mice, Inbred C57BL Mortality Natural killer cells Orthomyxoviridae Infections - immunology Replication Respiratory System - immunology Respiratory System - virology Respiratory tract T cells Viral infections Virus replication Viruses |
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Title | IL-15 participates in the respiratory innate immune response to influenza virus infection |
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