The Genome of a Bacillus Isolate Causing Anthrax in Chimpanzees Combines Chromosomal Properties of B. cereus with B. anthracis Virulence Plasmids

Anthrax is a fatal disease caused by strains of Bacillus anthracis. Members of this monophyletic species are non motile and are all characterized by the presence of four prophages and a nonsense mutation in the plcR regulator gene. Here we report the complete genome sequence of a Bacillus strain iso...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published inPloS one Vol. 5; no. 7; p. e10986
Main Authors Klee, Silke R., Brzuszkiewicz, Elzbieta B., Nattermann, Herbert, Brüggemann, Holger, Dupke, Susann, Wollherr, Antje, Franz, Tatjana, Pauli, Georg, Appel, Bernd, Liebl, Wolfgang, Couacy-Hymann, Emmanuel, Boesch, Christophe, Meyer, Frauke-Dorothee, Leendertz, Fabian H., Ellerbrok, Heinz, Gottschalk, Gerhard, Grunow, Roland, Liesegang, Heiko
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States Public Library of Science 09.07.2010
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Subjects
Acids
Analysis
Animals
Anthrax
Anthrax - microbiology
Anthrax - veterinary
Bacillus
Bacillus anthracis
Bacillus anthracis - genetics
Bacillus anthracis - pathogenicity
Bacillus cereus
Bacillus cereus - genetics
Bacillus thuringiensis
Bacteria
Bacterial genetics
Bacterial infections
Chimpanzees
Chromosomes
Chromosomes, Bacterial - genetics
Computational Biology
Diagnostic systems
Edema
Fatalities
Genes
Genetic aspects
Genetic research
Genetics
Genetics and Genomics/Genomics
Genome, Bacterial - genetics
Genomes
Genomics
Infectious Diseases/Bacterial Infections
Laboratories
Lungs
Metabolism
Microbiology
Microbiology/Microbial Evolution and Genomics
Models, Genetic
Mutation
Nonsense mutation
Nucleotide sequence
Pan troglodytes - microbiology
Plasmids
Plasmids - genetics
Primate Diseases - microbiology
Prophages
Rainforests
Regulon - genetics
Relational data bases
Virulence
Virulence - genetics
Germany
Online AccessGet full text

Cover

Abstract Anthrax is a fatal disease caused by strains of Bacillus anthracis. Members of this monophyletic species are non motile and are all characterized by the presence of four prophages and a nonsense mutation in the plcR regulator gene. Here we report the complete genome sequence of a Bacillus strain isolated from a chimpanzee that had died with clinical symptoms of anthrax. Unlike classic B. anthracis, this strain was motile and lacked the four prohages and the nonsense mutation. Four replicons were identified, a chromosome and three plasmids. Comparative genome analysis revealed that the chromosome resembles those of non-B. anthracis members of the Bacillus cereus group, whereas two plasmids were identical to the anthrax virulence plasmids pXO1 and pXO2. The function of the newly discovered third plasmid with a length of 14 kbp is unknown. A detailed comparison of genomic loci encoding key features confirmed a higher similarity to B. thuringiensis serovar konkukian strain 97-27 and B. cereus E33L than to B. anthracis strains. For the first time we describe the sequence of an anthrax causing bacterium possessing both anthrax plasmids that apparently does not belong to the monophyletic group of all so far known B. anthracis strains and that differs in important diagnostic features. The data suggest that this bacterium has evolved from a B. cereus strain independently from the classic B. anthracis strains and established a B. anthracis lifestyle. Therefore we suggest to designate this isolate as "B. cereus variety (var.) anthracis".
AbstractList Anthrax is a fatal disease caused by strains of Bacillus anthracis. Members of this monophyletic species are non motile and are all characterized by the presence of four prophages and a nonsense mutation in the plcR regulator gene. Here we report the complete genome sequence of a Bacillus strain isolated from a chimpanzee that had died with clinical symptoms of anthrax. Unlike classic B. anthracis, this strain was motile and lacked the four prohages and the nonsense mutation. Four replicons were identified, a chromosome and three plasmids. Comparative genome analysis revealed that the chromosome resembles those of non-B. anthracis members of the Bacillus cereus group, whereas two plasmids were identical to the anthrax virulence plasmids pXO1 and pXO2. The function of the newly discovered third plasmid with a length of 14 kbp is unknown. A detailed comparison of genomic loci encoding key features confirmed a higher similarity to B. thuringiensis serovar konkukian strain 97-27 and B. cereus E33L than to B. anthracis strains. For the first time we describe the sequence of an anthrax causing bacterium possessing both anthrax plasmids that apparently does not belong to the monophyletic group of all so far known B. anthracis strains and that differs in important diagnostic features. The data suggest that this bacterium has evolved from a B. cereus strain independently from the classic B. anthracis strains and established a B. anthracis lifestyle. Therefore we suggest to designate this isolate as “B. cereus variety (var.) anthracis”.
Anthrax is a fatal disease caused by strains of Bacillus anthracis . Members of this monophyletic species are non motile and are all characterized by the presence of four prophages and a nonsense mutation in the plcR regulator gene. Here we report the complete genome sequence of a Bacillus strain isolated from a chimpanzee that had died with clinical symptoms of anthrax. Unlike classic B. anthracis , this strain was motile and lacked the four prohages and the nonsense mutation. Four replicons were identified, a chromosome and three plasmids. Comparative genome analysis revealed that the chromosome resembles those of non- B. anthracis members of the Bacillus cereus group, whereas two plasmids were identical to the anthrax virulence plasmids pXO1 and pXO2. The function of the newly discovered third plasmid with a length of 14 kbp is unknown. A detailed comparison of genomic loci encoding key features confirmed a higher similarity to B. thuringiensis serovar konkukian strain 97-27 and B. cereus E33L than to B. anthracis strains. For the first time we describe the sequence of an anthrax causing bacterium possessing both anthrax plasmids that apparently does not belong to the monophyletic group of all so far known B. anthracis strains and that differs in important diagnostic features. The data suggest that this bacterium has evolved from a B. cereus strain independently from the classic B. anthracis strains and established a B. anthracis lifestyle. Therefore we suggest to designate this isolate as “ B. cereus variety (var.) anthracis”.
Anthrax is a fatal disease caused by strains of Bacillus anthracis. Members of this monophyletic species are non motile and are all characterized by the presence of four prophages and a nonsense mutation in the plcR regulator gene. Here we report the complete genome sequence of a Bacillus strain isolated from a chimpanzee that had died with clinical symptoms of anthrax. Unlike classic B. anthracis, this strain was motile and lacked the four prohages and the nonsense mutation. Four replicons were identified, a chromosome and three plasmids. Comparative genome analysis revealed that the chromosome resembles those of non-B. anthracis members of the Bacillus cereus group, whereas two plasmids were identical to the anthrax virulence plasmids pXO1 and pXO2. The function of the newly discovered third plasmid with a length of 14 kbp is unknown. A detailed comparison of genomic loci encoding key features confirmed a higher similarity to B. thuringiensis serovar konkukian strain 97-27 and B. cereus E33L than to B. anthracis strains. For the first time we describe the sequence of an anthrax causing bacterium possessing both anthrax plasmids that apparently does not belong to the monophyletic group of all so far known B. anthracis strains and that differs in important diagnostic features. The data suggest that this bacterium has evolved from a B. cereus strain independently from the classic B. anthracis strains and established a B. anthracis lifestyle. Therefore we suggest to designate this isolate as "B. cereus variety (var.) anthracis".Anthrax is a fatal disease caused by strains of Bacillus anthracis. Members of this monophyletic species are non motile and are all characterized by the presence of four prophages and a nonsense mutation in the plcR regulator gene. Here we report the complete genome sequence of a Bacillus strain isolated from a chimpanzee that had died with clinical symptoms of anthrax. Unlike classic B. anthracis, this strain was motile and lacked the four prohages and the nonsense mutation. Four replicons were identified, a chromosome and three plasmids. Comparative genome analysis revealed that the chromosome resembles those of non-B. anthracis members of the Bacillus cereus group, whereas two plasmids were identical to the anthrax virulence plasmids pXO1 and pXO2. The function of the newly discovered third plasmid with a length of 14 kbp is unknown. A detailed comparison of genomic loci encoding key features confirmed a higher similarity to B. thuringiensis serovar konkukian strain 97-27 and B. cereus E33L than to B. anthracis strains. For the first time we describe the sequence of an anthrax causing bacterium possessing both anthrax plasmids that apparently does not belong to the monophyletic group of all so far known B. anthracis strains and that differs in important diagnostic features. The data suggest that this bacterium has evolved from a B. cereus strain independently from the classic B. anthracis strains and established a B. anthracis lifestyle. Therefore we suggest to designate this isolate as "B. cereus variety (var.) anthracis".
Audience Academic
Author Appel, Bernd
Liebl, Wolfgang
Boesch, Christophe
Liesegang, Heiko
Brüggemann, Holger
Nattermann, Herbert
Pauli, Georg
Leendertz, Fabian H.
Klee, Silke R.
Gottschalk, Gerhard
Meyer, Frauke-Dorothee
Wollherr, Antje
Brzuszkiewicz, Elzbieta B.
Grunow, Roland
Ellerbrok, Heinz
Franz, Tatjana
Couacy-Hymann, Emmanuel
Dupke, Susann
AuthorAffiliation 1 Centre for Biological Security (ZBS), Robert Koch-Institut, Berlin, Germany
3 Goettingen Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg August University Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
4 LANADA/Laboratoire Central de Pathologie Animale, Bingerville, Côte d'Ivoire
5 Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
University of Hyderabad, India
2 Research Group Emerging Zoonoses (NG2), Robert Koch-Institut, Berlin, Germany
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 1 Centre for Biological Security (ZBS), Robert Koch-Institut, Berlin, Germany
– name: 5 Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
– name: 4 LANADA/Laboratoire Central de Pathologie Animale, Bingerville, Côte d'Ivoire
– name: 2 Research Group Emerging Zoonoses (NG2), Robert Koch-Institut, Berlin, Germany
– name: 3 Goettingen Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg August University Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
– name: University of Hyderabad, India
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Silke R.
  surname: Klee
  fullname: Klee, Silke R.
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Elzbieta B.
  surname: Brzuszkiewicz
  fullname: Brzuszkiewicz, Elzbieta B.
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Herbert
  surname: Nattermann
  fullname: Nattermann, Herbert
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Holger
  surname: Brüggemann
  fullname: Brüggemann, Holger
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Susann
  surname: Dupke
  fullname: Dupke, Susann
– sequence: 6
  givenname: Antje
  surname: Wollherr
  fullname: Wollherr, Antje
– sequence: 7
  givenname: Tatjana
  surname: Franz
  fullname: Franz, Tatjana
– sequence: 8
  givenname: Georg
  surname: Pauli
  fullname: Pauli, Georg
– sequence: 9
  givenname: Bernd
  surname: Appel
  fullname: Appel, Bernd
– sequence: 10
  givenname: Wolfgang
  surname: Liebl
  fullname: Liebl, Wolfgang
– sequence: 11
  givenname: Emmanuel
  surname: Couacy-Hymann
  fullname: Couacy-Hymann, Emmanuel
– sequence: 12
  givenname: Christophe
  surname: Boesch
  fullname: Boesch, Christophe
– sequence: 13
  givenname: Frauke-Dorothee
  surname: Meyer
  fullname: Meyer, Frauke-Dorothee
– sequence: 14
  givenname: Fabian H.
  surname: Leendertz
  fullname: Leendertz, Fabian H.
– sequence: 15
  givenname: Heinz
  surname: Ellerbrok
  fullname: Ellerbrok, Heinz
– sequence: 16
  givenname: Gerhard
  surname: Gottschalk
  fullname: Gottschalk, Gerhard
– sequence: 17
  givenname: Roland
  surname: Grunow
  fullname: Grunow, Roland
– sequence: 18
  givenname: Heiko
  surname: Liesegang
  fullname: Liesegang, Heiko
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20634886$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
BookMark eNqNk9tu1DAQQCNURC_wBwgsIYF42MWXrBPzgLRdQVmpUisofbUcZ7Jx5dhbO4HCX_DHOO0WdasKoTzEnpw5zozG-9mO8w6y7DnBU8IK8u7CD8EpO12n8BRjgkXJH2V7RDA64RSznTvr3Ww_xguMZ6zk_Em2SzFneVnyvez3WQvoCJzvAPkGKXSotLF2iGgZvVU9oIUaonErNHd9G9QVMg4tWtOtlfsFENHCd5Vx46INvvPRd8qi0-DXEHqTwkl6OEUaAiTnD9O341Zdu7SJ6NyEwYLTgE6tip2p49PscaNshGeb90H27dPHs8XnyfHJ0XIxP55oLkg_0TmZ8RnjWou8UtAUdV1hoYkSBFd5nTOiyaxUXBQCctpUBYjZDAQIXdG6ETk7yF7eeNfWR7npZpSEClIKTkueiOUNUXt1IdfBdCr8lF4ZeR3wYSVVKlJbkDSvCkYwFVBVORN1iRUjpKGKUqpKVifXh81pQ9VBrcH1Qdkt6fYXZ1q58t8lFZgwhpPgzUYQ_OUAsZediRqsVQ78EGXBWBoAUo6FvbpHPlzchlqp9P_GNT4dq0ennOcFK8ui4CJR0weo9NTQGZ0mrzEpvpXwdishMT1c9as0RFEuv375f_bkfJt9fYdtQdm-TQM69Ma7uA2-uNvovx2-HfkEvL8BdPAxBmikNr0aPak0YyXBcrxft02T4_2Sm_uVkvN7ybf-f6b9AZB-Kkc
CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_7124_bc_000A90
crossref_primary_10_3390_pathogens11060690
crossref_primary_10_1111_jam_14114
crossref_primary_10_3390_pathogens9121074
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_mimet_2011_08_005
crossref_primary_10_3390_microorganisms8040524
crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pntd_0012122
crossref_primary_10_1128_AEM_00074_11
crossref_primary_10_15585_mmwr_mm6453a1
crossref_primary_10_3390_pathogens11080856
crossref_primary_10_1093_glycob_cwr026
crossref_primary_10_3390_microorganisms8060932
crossref_primary_10_3390_pathogens12050693
crossref_primary_10_1128_microbiolspec_PLAS_0024_2014
crossref_primary_10_3390_v6072623
crossref_primary_10_1128_AEM_01096_17
crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pntd_0003931
crossref_primary_10_1134_S0026893324700596
crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pntd_0008131
crossref_primary_10_1128_JB_06719_11
crossref_primary_10_1128_MRA_00917_20
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_biologicals_2020_11_004
crossref_primary_10_3390_toxins12110701
crossref_primary_10_3389_fpubh_2020_00065
crossref_primary_10_3390_microorganisms10122309
crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0122004
crossref_primary_10_1089_hs_2022_0109
crossref_primary_10_1128_JB_02005_12
crossref_primary_10_1128_spectrum_02407_24
crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0056093
crossref_primary_10_1128_JCM_00488_11
crossref_primary_10_7717_peerj_5515
crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0202701
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_mimet_2011_12_001
crossref_primary_10_3390_pathogens12081065
crossref_primary_10_1186_s12866_018_1205_9
crossref_primary_10_1292_jvms_15_0059
crossref_primary_10_3103_S0891416817020094
crossref_primary_10_1002_edn3_401
crossref_primary_10_1038_nature23309
crossref_primary_10_1186_1471_2164_15_229
crossref_primary_10_1155_2014_197234
crossref_primary_10_1038_srep46430
crossref_primary_10_1089_hs_2014_0056
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_scitotenv_2019_03_412
crossref_primary_10_3389_fmicb_2020_580691
crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_023_42143_9
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_mimet_2011_08_015
crossref_primary_10_3389_fmicb_2020_611220
crossref_primary_10_36233_0372_9311_483
crossref_primary_10_3389_fmicb_2020_610650
crossref_primary_10_1098_rsob_140133
crossref_primary_10_1038_s44319_024_00156_z
crossref_primary_10_1186_s12864_016_2883_z
crossref_primary_10_1111_j_1469_0691_2012_03816_x
crossref_primary_10_3389_fmicb_2024_1428415
crossref_primary_10_1128_microbiolspec_TBS_0012_2012
crossref_primary_10_1128_IAI_00205_11
crossref_primary_10_1186_gb_2012_13_4_r30
crossref_primary_10_3390_ijms24119636
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijfoodmicro_2014_11_026
crossref_primary_10_1186_1471_2164_13_564
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jgg_2011_11_001
crossref_primary_10_1038_nrmicro2506
crossref_primary_10_1146_annurev_micro_090816_093512
crossref_primary_10_1186_s12866_019_1693_2
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_tim_2015_10_007
crossref_primary_10_21055_0370_1069_2024_2_76_82
crossref_primary_10_1186_s12862_015_0529_4
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_plasmid_2022_102639
crossref_primary_10_1186_s12866_019_1678_1
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_meegid_2024_105649
crossref_primary_10_1080_15476286_2015_1073438
crossref_primary_10_3389_fmicb_2023_1113562
crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pcbi_1005271
crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pntd_0003455
crossref_primary_10_1111_jam_15636
crossref_primary_10_1177_03009858241306399
crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0176188
crossref_primary_10_3390_microorganisms8010125
crossref_primary_10_3390_pathogens13100884
crossref_primary_10_36233_0372_9311_385
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_meegid_2013_12_014
crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pntd_0008292
crossref_primary_10_3389_fitd_2023_1297896
crossref_primary_10_3390_microorganisms9112226
crossref_primary_10_3103_S0891416815040060
crossref_primary_10_3238_arztebl_2012_0843
crossref_primary_10_1007_s10393_015_1056_x
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_meegid_2011_02_001
crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0156987
crossref_primary_10_5858_2011_0362_SAIR_1
crossref_primary_10_1074_mcp_M113_032946
crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_021_03420_7
crossref_primary_10_1186_1471_2164_15_26
crossref_primary_10_3390_pathogens11101186
crossref_primary_10_36016_VM_2019_105_1
crossref_primary_10_3389_fmicb_2020_01731
crossref_primary_10_1007_s40011_014_0344_5
crossref_primary_10_4161_viru_26288
crossref_primary_10_1186_s13059_018_1554_6
crossref_primary_10_1177_0300985813495898
crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0258317
crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pntd_0004923
crossref_primary_10_1089_omi_2010_0127
crossref_primary_10_1111_mmi_13478
crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0039107
crossref_primary_10_1128_mBio_00034_20
crossref_primary_10_56093_ijans_v87i1_66823
crossref_primary_10_1101_gr_134437_111
crossref_primary_10_1111_brv_12420
crossref_primary_10_18821_0208_0613_2017_35_2_69_76
crossref_primary_10_1074_mcp_M111_013102
crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pntd_0012779
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_resmic_2016_07_002
crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0183115
crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_ppat_1008836
crossref_primary_10_2903_j_efsa_2016_4524
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_meegid_2018_06_024
crossref_primary_10_1080_10408398_2021_1916735
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ygeno_2011_03_008
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_meegid_2011_05_013
crossref_primary_10_1128_mSystems_00021_17
crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pntd_0005960
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cofs_2016_06_009
crossref_primary_10_3390_pathogens12121442
Cites_doi 10.1128/AEM.03076-05
10.3201/eid0810.020391
10.1128/AEM.02709-08
10.1038/nature01582
10.1128/AEM.72.5.3168-3174.2006
10.1128/AEM.66.12.5460-5468.2000
10.1128/JCM.36.7.2138-2139.1998
10.1128/AEM.69.5.2755-2764.2003
10.1016/j.plasmid.2007.11.007
10.1093/embo-reports/kve097
10.1046/j.1365-2672.1999.00883.x
10.1111/j.1365-2958.2006.05362.x
10.1093/nar/gkh258
10.1128/JB.162.2.543-550.1985
10.1046/j.1365-2958.2003.03471.x
10.1101/gr.2289704
10.1128/IAI.01133-06
10.1128/JB.186.23.7959-7970.2004
10.1016/j.syapm.2009.01.001
10.1128/JB.00303-06
10.1111/j.1365-2672.2006.02809.x
10.1186/1471-2180-6-20
10.1111/j.1365-2958.2008.06294.x
10.1099/mic.0.29261-0
10.3233/ISB-00108
10.1093/nar/gkn149
10.1111/j.1574-6968.2002.tb11324.x
10.1128/JB.184.1.134-141.2002
10.1128/JB.182.10.2928-2936.2000
10.1371/journal.ppat.0020008
10.1128/IAI.01022-06
10.1128/JB.187.20.6972-6981.2005
10.1101/gad.4.4.525
10.1046/j.1365-2672.1999.00887.x
10.1002/1615-9861(200206)2:6<784::AID-PROT784>3.0.CO;2-R
10.1073/pnas.0402414101
10.1093/molbev/msm092
10.1128/AEM.00515-09
10.1016/j.mimet.2003.10.005
10.1128/JB.188.9.3382-3390.2006
10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2006.11.002
10.1016/j.tim.2007.12.001
10.1186/1471-2164-3-34
10.1128/JB.01313-06
10.1146/annurev.micro.59.030804.121325
10.1128/jb.175.17.5329-5338.1993
10.1128/jb.172.2.1092-1098.1990
10.1371/journal.ppat.0020122
10.1128/AEM.68.10.5082-5095.2002
10.1046/j.1365-2958.2003.03345.x
10.1128/JB.01347-08
10.1371/journal.pone.0002793
10.1046/j.1462-5822.2003.00253.x
10.1128/IAI.71.5.2736-2743.2003
10.1046/j.1365-2958.2001.02692.x
10.1111/j.1462-2920.2007.01495.x
10.1186/1471-2180-7-43
10.1126/science.1071837
10.1186/1471-2164-6-103
10.1128/AEM.66.6.2627-2630.2000
10.1111/j.1574-695X.1999.tb01263.x
10.1128/IAI.49.2.291-297.1985
10.1093/nar/gkg148
10.1046/j.1462-2920.2003.00461.x
10.1038/nrmicro884
10.1128/jb.178.2.377-384.1996
10.1111/j.1574-6976.2008.00112.x
10.1093/bioinformatics/btn529
10.1128/JB.00241-07
10.1038/nature02722
10.1016/j.tim.2008.01.010
10.1128/CMR.6.4.324
10.1128/JCM.00561-06
10.1111/j.1365-2958.2008.06169.x
10.1093/emboj/cdf450
10.1002/ajp.20298
10.1128/AEM.70.1.191-201.2004
10.1128/jb.171.2.722-730.1989
10.1371/journal.pone.0000461
10.1126/science.2536191
10.1128/jb.169.11.5263-5270.1987
10.1159/000235766
10.1093/nar/25.17.3389
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright COPYRIGHT 2010 Public Library of Science
2010 Klee et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
Klee et al. 2010
Copyright_xml – notice: COPYRIGHT 2010 Public Library of Science
– notice: 2010 Klee et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
– notice: Klee et al. 2010
DBID AAYXX
CITATION
CGR
CUY
CVF
ECM
EIF
NPM
IOV
ISR
3V.
7QG
7QL
7QO
7RV
7SN
7SS
7T5
7TG
7TM
7U9
7X2
7X7
7XB
88E
8AO
8C1
8FD
8FE
8FG
8FH
8FI
8FJ
8FK
ABJCF
ABUWG
AEUYN
AFKRA
ARAPS
ATCPS
AZQEC
BBNVY
BENPR
BGLVJ
BHPHI
C1K
CCPQU
D1I
DWQXO
FR3
FYUFA
GHDGH
GNUQQ
H94
HCIFZ
K9.
KB.
KB0
KL.
L6V
LK8
M0K
M0S
M1P
M7N
M7P
M7S
NAPCQ
P5Z
P62
P64
PATMY
PDBOC
PHGZM
PHGZT
PIMPY
PJZUB
PKEHL
PPXIY
PQEST
PQGLB
PQQKQ
PQUKI
PRINS
PTHSS
PYCSY
RC3
7X8
5PM
DOA
DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0010986
DatabaseName CrossRef
Medline
MEDLINE
MEDLINE (Ovid)
MEDLINE
MEDLINE
PubMed
Gale In Context: Opposing Viewpoints
Gale In Context: Science
ProQuest Central (Corporate)
Animal Behavior Abstracts
Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)
Biotechnology Research Abstracts
Nursing & Allied Health Database
Ecology Abstracts
Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)
Immunology Abstracts
Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts
Nucleic Acids Abstracts
Virology and AIDS Abstracts
Agricultural Science Collection
Health & Medical Collection
ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)
Medical Database (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest Pharma Collection
Public Health Database
Technology Research Database
ProQuest SciTech Collection
ProQuest Technology Collection
ProQuest Natural Science Collection
ProQuest Hospital Collection
Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)
Materials Science & Engineering Collection
ProQuest Central (Alumni)
ProQuest One Sustainability (subscription)
ProQuest Central UK/Ireland
Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection
Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection
ProQuest Central Essentials
Biological Science Collection
ProQuest Central
Technology Collection
Natural Science Collection
Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management
ProQuest One Community College
ProQuest Materials Science Collection
ProQuest Central
Engineering Research Database
Health Research Premium Collection
Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)
ProQuest Central Student
AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts
SciTech Premium Collection
ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)
ProQuest Materials Science Database
Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)
Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic
ProQuest Engineering Collection
Biological Sciences
Agricultural Science Database
Health & Medical Collection (Alumni)
Medical Database
Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)
Biological Science Database
ProQuest Engineering Database
Nursing & Allied Health Premium
ProQuest Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database
ProQuest Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection
Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts
Environmental Science Database
Materials Science Collection
ProQuest Central Premium
ProQuest One Academic
Publicly Available Content Database
ProQuest Health & Medical Research Collection
ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New)
ProQuest One Health & Nursing
ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)
ProQuest One Applied & Life Sciences
ProQuest One Academic
ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition
ProQuest Central China
Engineering collection
Environmental Science Collection
Genetics Abstracts
MEDLINE - Academic
PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)
Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
DatabaseTitle CrossRef
MEDLINE
Medline Complete
MEDLINE with Full Text
PubMed
MEDLINE (Ovid)
Agricultural Science Database
Publicly Available Content Database
ProQuest Central Student
ProQuest Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection
ProQuest Central Essentials
Nucleic Acids Abstracts
SciTech Premium Collection
ProQuest Central China
Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management
ProQuest One Applied & Life Sciences
ProQuest One Sustainability
Health Research Premium Collection
Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts
Natural Science Collection
Health & Medical Research Collection
Biological Science Collection
ProQuest Central (New)
ProQuest Medical Library (Alumni)
Engineering Collection
Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection
Engineering Database
Virology and AIDS Abstracts
ProQuest Biological Science Collection
ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition
Agricultural Science Collection
ProQuest Hospital Collection
ProQuest Technology Collection
Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)
Biological Science Database
Ecology Abstracts
ProQuest Hospital Collection (Alumni)
Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts
Environmental Science Collection
Entomology Abstracts
Nursing & Allied Health Premium
ProQuest Health & Medical Complete
ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition
Environmental Science Database
ProQuest Nursing & Allied Health Source (Alumni)
Engineering Research Database
ProQuest One Academic
Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic
ProQuest One Academic (New)
Technology Collection
Technology Research Database
ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New)
Materials Science Collection
ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)
ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest One Community College
ProQuest One Health & Nursing
ProQuest Natural Science Collection
ProQuest Pharma Collection
ProQuest Central
ProQuest Health & Medical Research Collection
Genetics Abstracts
ProQuest Engineering Collection
Biotechnology Research Abstracts
Health and Medicine Complete (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest Central Korea
Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)
Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)
Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection
AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts
Materials Science Database
ProQuest Materials Science Collection
ProQuest Public Health
ProQuest Nursing & Allied Health Source
ProQuest SciTech Collection
Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database
ProQuest Medical Library
Animal Behavior Abstracts
Materials Science & Engineering Collection
Immunology Abstracts
ProQuest Central (Alumni)
MEDLINE - Academic
DatabaseTitleList




MEDLINE
MEDLINE - Academic
Agricultural Science Database
Database_xml – sequence: 1
  dbid: DOA
  name: Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
  url: https://www.doaj.org/
  sourceTypes: Open Website
– sequence: 2
  dbid: NPM
  name: PubMed
  url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed
  sourceTypes: Index Database
– sequence: 3
  dbid: EIF
  name: MEDLINE
  url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=https://www.webofscience.com/wos/medline/basic-search
  sourceTypes: Index Database
– sequence: 4
  dbid: 8FG
  name: ProQuest Technology Collection
  url: https://search.proquest.com/technologycollection1
  sourceTypes: Aggregation Database
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Sciences (General)
DocumentTitleAlternate B. cereus var. anthracis
EISSN 1932-6203
ExternalDocumentID 1291896286
oai_doaj_org_article_24b731029ebb439d80a311f2a222a83d
PMC2901330
2897949011
A473887769
20634886
10_1371_journal_pone_0010986
Genre Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Journal Article
GeographicLocations Germany
GeographicLocations_xml – name: Germany
GroupedDBID ---
123
29O
2WC
53G
5VS
7RV
7X2
7X7
7XC
88E
8AO
8C1
8CJ
8FE
8FG
8FH
8FI
8FJ
A8Z
AAFWJ
AAUCC
AAWOE
AAYXX
ABDBF
ABIVO
ABJCF
ABUWG
ACGFO
ACIHN
ACIWK
ACPRK
ACUHS
ADBBV
ADRAZ
AEAQA
AENEX
AEUYN
AFKRA
AFPKN
AFRAH
AHMBA
ALIPV
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
AOIJS
APEBS
ARAPS
ATCPS
BAWUL
BBNVY
BCNDV
BENPR
BGLVJ
BHPHI
BKEYQ
BPHCQ
BVXVI
BWKFM
CCPQU
CITATION
CS3
D1I
D1J
D1K
DIK
DU5
E3Z
EAP
EAS
EBD
EMOBN
ESX
EX3
F5P
FPL
FYUFA
GROUPED_DOAJ
GX1
HCIFZ
HH5
HMCUK
HYE
IAO
IEA
IGS
IHR
IHW
INH
INR
IOV
IPNFZ
IPY
ISE
ISR
ITC
K6-
KB.
KQ8
L6V
LK5
LK8
M0K
M1P
M48
M7P
M7R
M7S
M~E
NAPCQ
O5R
O5S
OK1
OVT
P2P
P62
PATMY
PDBOC
PHGZM
PHGZT
PIMPY
PQQKQ
PROAC
PSQYO
PTHSS
PYCSY
RIG
RNS
RPM
SV3
TR2
UKHRP
WOQ
WOW
~02
~KM
BBORY
CGR
CUY
CVF
ECM
EIF
NPM
PMFND
3V.
7QG
7QL
7QO
7SN
7SS
7T5
7TG
7TM
7U9
7XB
8FD
8FK
AZQEC
C1K
DWQXO
FR3
GNUQQ
H94
K9.
KL.
M7N
P64
PJZUB
PKEHL
PPXIY
PQEST
PQGLB
PQUKI
PRINS
RC3
7X8
5PM
PUEGO
-
02
AAPBV
ABPTK
ADACO
BBAFP
KM
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c691t-c4156536cc94baef7ddb09c1a910b4d431c158a6979e42fb7e955e9e9cb2df943
IEDL.DBID M48
ISSN 1932-6203
IngestDate Fri Nov 26 17:12:58 EST 2021
Wed Aug 27 01:00:57 EDT 2025
Thu Aug 21 14:03:41 EDT 2025
Fri Jul 11 05:42:25 EDT 2025
Fri Jul 25 10:34:20 EDT 2025
Tue Jun 17 21:21:14 EDT 2025
Tue Jun 10 20:51:09 EDT 2025
Fri Jun 27 03:34:15 EDT 2025
Fri Jun 27 05:09:15 EDT 2025
Thu May 22 20:54:40 EDT 2025
Thu Apr 03 07:08:51 EDT 2025
Tue Jul 01 05:43:11 EDT 2025
Thu Apr 24 22:59:47 EDT 2025
IsDoiOpenAccess true
IsOpenAccess true
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Issue 7
Language English
License This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.
Creative Commons Attribution License
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c691t-c4156536cc94baef7ddb09c1a910b4d431c158a6979e42fb7e955e9e9cb2df943
Notes ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 14
content type line 23
Current address: Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
Current address: Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
Current address: Technical University of München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
Conceived and designed the experiments: SRK EBB HN GP BA WL CB FHL HE GG RG HL. Performed the experiments: SRK HN SD TF FDM. Analyzed the data: SRK EBB HB SD AW HL. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: ECH FHL. Wrote the paper: SRK EBB HB GP GG RG HL.
OpenAccessLink http://journals.scholarsportal.info/openUrl.xqy?doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0010986
PMID 20634886
PQID 1291896286
PQPubID 1436336
PageCount e10986
ParticipantIDs plos_journals_1291896286
doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_24b731029ebb439d80a311f2a222a83d
pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_2901330
proquest_miscellaneous_733986184
proquest_journals_1291896286
gale_infotracmisc_A473887769
gale_infotracacademiconefile_A473887769
gale_incontextgauss_ISR_A473887769
gale_incontextgauss_IOV_A473887769
gale_healthsolutions_A473887769
pubmed_primary_20634886
crossref_citationtrail_10_1371_journal_pone_0010986
crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0010986
ProviderPackageCode CITATION
AAYXX
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 2010-07-09
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2010-07-09
PublicationDate_xml – month: 07
  year: 2010
  text: 2010-07-09
  day: 09
PublicationDecade 2010
PublicationPlace United States
PublicationPlace_xml – name: United States
– name: San Francisco
– name: San Francisco, USA
PublicationTitle PloS one
PublicationTitleAlternate PLoS One
PublicationYear 2010
Publisher Public Library of Science
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Publisher_xml – name: Public Library of Science
– name: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
References J Ravel (ref87) 2009; 191
TR Kozel (ref50) 2007; 75
J Pannucci (ref16) 2002; 3
DA Rasko (ref40) 2007; 189
FH Leendertz (ref20) 2006; 68
T Carver (ref83) 2008; 24
M Mock (ref12) 2003; 5
RJ Ellis (ref76) 2004; 56
FA Drobniewski (ref3) 1993; 6
DA Rasko (ref1) 2005; 29
M Gohar (ref56) 2008; 3
A Fouet (ref13) 2002; 271
GB Jensen (ref6) 2003; 5
C Schmeisser (ref67) 2009; 75
D Daffonchio (ref4) 2000; 66
SF Altschul (ref84) 1997; 25
SR Klee (ref21) 2006; 188
S Makino (ref14) 1989; 171
CS Han (ref26) 2006; 188
JC Hotopp (ref69) 2006; 152
R Koch (ref78) 1876; 2
J Pannucci (ref15) 2002; 184
R Okinaka (ref79) 2006; 2
I Uchida (ref51) 1993; 175
L Slamti (ref58) 2002; 21
KM Turner (ref63) 2007; 29
A Reddy (ref47) 1987; 169
S Vilain (ref77) 2006; 72
ACE Darling (ref43) 2004; 14
TD Read (ref44) 2002; 296
T Mignot (ref71) 2003; 47
M Tech (ref81) 2003; 3
H Ellerbrok (ref18) 2002; 214
AR Hoffmaster (ref52) 1999; 87
MN Van Ert (ref10) 2007; 2
L Radnedge (ref28) 2003; 69
U Dobrindt (ref33) 2004; 2
MH Guinebretiere (ref66) 2008; 10
R Okinaka (ref7) 1999; 87
LP Stenfors Arnesen (ref54) 2008; 32
FH Leendertz (ref19) 2006; 2
X Hu (ref49) 2009; 75
E Hernandez (ref25) 1999; 24
T Mignot (ref29) 2001; 42
E Saile (ref75) 2006; 72
R Overbeek (ref82) 2003; 31
GA Van der Auwera (ref48) 2008; 59
M Gohar (ref59) 2002; 2
JW Kern (ref53) 2008; 68
AR Hoffmaster (ref42) 2004; 101
GA Van der Auwera (ref41) 2005; 6
CR Harwood (ref60) 2008; 16
CT Sacchi (ref27) 2002; 8
S Fedhila (ref55) 2006; 62
A Fagerlund (ref30) 2007; 7
AR Hoffmaster (ref45) 2006; 44
L Bouillaut (ref57) 2008; 36
MC Maiden (ref64) 2006; 60
C Berry (ref8) 2002; 68
P Stragier (ref35) 1989; 243
N Ivanova (ref37) 2003; 423
P Keim (ref11) 2000; 182
E Helgason (ref5) 2000; 66
BD Green (ref46) 1985; 49
SR Klee (ref34) 2006; 100
JD Haraldsen (ref39) 2003; 48
E Hernandez (ref24) 1998; 36
NW Rigel (ref62) 2008; 69
K Tamura (ref86) 2007; 24
JF Challacombe (ref32) 2007; 189
RL Brunsing (ref73) 2005; 187
E Helgason (ref23) 2004; 70
A Bourgogne (ref70) 2003; 71
DA Rasko (ref88) 2004; 32
GL Andersen (ref80) 1996; 178
FG Priest (ref22) 2004; 186
E Brzuszkiewicz (ref68) 2009; 6
M Ehling-Schulz (ref9) 2006; 6
B Kunkel (ref36) 1990; 4
T Sato (ref38) 1990; 172
S Kurtz (ref61) 2006; 74
JY Roh (ref2) 2007; 17
J Hacker (ref31) 2001; 2
FH Leendertz (ref17) 2004; 430
M Perego (ref72) 2008; 16
J Felsenstein (ref85) 1989; 5
X Didelot (ref65) 2009; 32
L Battisti (ref74) 1985; 162
15100694 - Nat Rev Microbiol. 2004 May;2(5):414-24
12694623 - Mol Microbiol. 2003 May;48(3):811-21
14960714 - Nucleic Acids Res. 2004;32(3):977-88
2105293 - J Bacteriol. 1990 Feb;172(2):1092-8
16978259 - Mol Microbiol. 2006 Oct;62(2):339-55
18366441 - Mol Microbiol. 2008 Apr;68(2):504-15
10340711 - FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol. 1999 May;24(1):43-7
3926644 - Infect Immun. 1985 Aug;49(2):291-7
16855222 - J Bacteriol. 2006 Aug;188(15):5333-44
16512902 - BMC Microbiol. 2006;6:20
15808746 - FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2005 Apr;29(2):303-29
10781564 - J Bacteriol. 2000 May;182(10):2928-36
15547268 - J Bacteriol. 2004 Dec;186(23):7959-70
12581349 - Mol Microbiol. 2003 Feb;47(4):917-27
2536679 - J Bacteriol. 1989 Feb;171(2):722-30
17488738 - Mol Biol Evol. 2007 Aug;24(8):1596-9
2536191 - Science. 1989 Jan 27;243(4890):507-12
17337577 - J Bacteriol. 2007 May;189(9):3680-1
19304837 - Appl Environ Microbiol. 2009 May;75(10):3016-28
12732546 - Appl Environ Microbiol. 2003 May;69(5):2755-64
17041058 - J Bacteriol. 2007 Jan;189(1):52-64
15269768 - Nature. 2004 Jul 22;430(6998):451-2
19376903 - Appl Environ Microbiol. 2009 Jun;75(12):4035-45
18272219 - Plasmid. 2008 Mar;59(2):134-8
10831447 - Appl Environ Microbiol. 2000 Jun;66(6):2627-30
18665214 - PLoS One. 2008;3(7):e2793
9254694 - Nucleic Acids Res. 1997 Sep 1;25(17):3389-402
18036180 - Environ Microbiol. 2008 Apr;10(4):851-65
15155910 - Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Jun 1;101(22):8449-54
12004073 - Science. 2002 Jun 14;296(5575):2028-33
18492723 - Nucleic Acids Res. 2008 Jun;36(11):3791-801
12396926 - Emerg Infect Dis. 2002 Oct;8(10):1117-23
2163341 - Genes Dev. 1990 Apr;4(4):525-35
16738706 - PLoS Pathog. 2006 Jan;2(1):e8
12871230 - Environ Microbiol. 2003 Aug;5(8):631-40
11097928 - Appl Environ Microbiol. 2000 Dec;66(12):5460-8
18051264 - J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2007 Apr;17(4):547-59
16820495 - Appl Environ Microbiol. 2006 Jul;72(7):4970-7
18422617 - FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2008 Jul;32(4):579-606
12519973 - Nucleic Acids Res. 2003 Jan 1;31(1):164-71
18374574 - Trends Microbiol. 2008 May;16(5):215-21
12473162 - BMC Genomics. 2002 Dec 9;3(1):34
18544071 - Mol Microbiol. 2008 Jul;69(2):291-302
17520020 - PLoS One. 2007;2(5):e461
18845581 - Bioinformatics. 2008 Dec 1;24(23):2672-6
19200684 - Syst Appl Microbiol. 2009 Apr;32(2):81-90
12198157 - EMBO J. 2002 Sep 2;21(17):4550-9
16199567 - J Bacteriol. 2005 Oct;187(20):6972-81
16621833 - J Bacteriol. 2006 May;188(9):3382-90
12721630 - Nature. 2003 May 1;423(6935):87-91
3988702 - J Bacteriol. 1985 May;162(2):543-50
8269390 - Clin Microbiol Rev. 1993 Oct;6(4):324-38
16553722 - J Appl Microbiol. 2006 Apr;100(4):673-81
11741853 - J Bacteriol. 2002 Jan;184(1):134-41
17204401 - Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2007 Feb;29(2):129-35
15231754 - Genome Res. 2004 Jul;14(7):1394-403
8550456 - J Bacteriol. 1996 Jan;178(2):377-84
16672454 - Appl Environ Microbiol. 2006 May;72(5):3168-74
14744457 - J Microbiol Methods. 2004 Feb;56(2):287-90
10475962 - J Appl Microbiol. 1999 Aug;87(2):261-2
11375927 - EMBO Rep. 2001 May;2(5):376-81
10475965 - J Appl Microbiol. 1999 Aug;87(2):279-81
18952800 - J Bacteriol. 2009 Jan;191(1):445-6
12112862 - Proteomics. 2002 Jun;2(6):784-91
14965344 - In Silico Biol. 2003;3(4):441-51
12704148 - Infect Immun. 2003 May;71(5):2736-43
16954272 - J Clin Microbiol. 2006 Sep;44(9):3352-60
16900500 - Am J Primatol. 2006 Sep;68(9):928-33
12324359 - Appl Environ Microbiol. 2002 Oct;68(10):5082-95
12542467 - Cell Microbiol. 2003 Jan;5(1):15-23
16042811 - BMC Genomics. 2005;6:103
17121463 - PLoS Pathog. 2006 Nov;2(11):e122
16774461 - Annu Rev Microbiol. 2006;60:561-88
14711642 - Appl Environ Microbiol. 2004 Jan;70(1):191-201
17030572 - Infect Immun. 2006 Dec;74(12):6855-64
3117773 - J Bacteriol. 1987 Nov;169(11):5263-70
9650985 - J Clin Microbiol. 1998 Jul;36(7):2138-9
19696497 - Genome Dyn. 2009;6:110-25
17517121 - BMC Microbiol. 2007;7:43
17159225 - Microbiology. 2006 Dec;152(Pt 12):3733-49
18182292 - Trends Microbiol. 2008 Feb;16(2):73-9
8366021 - J Bacteriol. 1993 Sep;175(17):5329-38
17060470 - Infect Immun. 2007 Jan;75(1):152-63
12204372 - FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2002 Aug 27;214(1):51-9
11886551 - Mol Microbiol. 2001 Dec;42(5):1189-98
12224525 - Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2002;271:87-113
References_xml – volume: 72
  start-page: 4970
  year: 2006
  ident: ref77
  article-title: Analysis of the life cycle of the soil saprophyte Bacillus cereus in liquid soil extract and in soil.
  publication-title: Appl Environ Microbiol
  doi: 10.1128/AEM.03076-05
– volume: 8
  start-page: 1117
  year: 2002
  ident: ref27
  article-title: Sequencing of 16S rRNA gene: a rapid tool for identification of Bacillus anthracis.
  publication-title: Emerg Infect Dis
  doi: 10.3201/eid0810.020391
– volume: 75
  start-page: 3016
  year: 2009
  ident: ref49
  article-title: Distribution, diversity, and potential mobility of extrachromosomal elements related to the Bacillus anthracis pXO1 and pXO2 virulence plasmids.
  publication-title: Appl Environ Microbiol
  doi: 10.1128/AEM.02709-08
– volume: 423
  start-page: 87
  year: 2003
  ident: ref37
  article-title: Genome sequence of Bacillus cereus and comparative analysis with Bacillus anthracis.
  publication-title: Nature
  doi: 10.1038/nature01582
– volume: 72
  start-page: 3168
  year: 2006
  ident: ref75
  article-title: Bacillus anthracis multiplication, persistence, and genetic exchange in the rhizosphere of grass plants.
  publication-title: Appl Environ Microbiol
  doi: 10.1128/AEM.72.5.3168-3174.2006
– volume: 66
  start-page: 5460
  year: 2000
  ident: ref4
  article-title: Homoduplex and heteroduplex polymorphisms of the amplified ribosomal 16S–23S internal transcribed spacers describe genetic relationships in the “Bacillus cereus group”.
  publication-title: Appl Environ Microbiol
  doi: 10.1128/AEM.66.12.5460-5468.2000
– volume: 36
  start-page: 2138
  year: 1998
  ident: ref24
  article-title: Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. konkukian (serotype H34) superinfection: case report and experimental evidence of pathogenicity in immunosuppressed mice.
  publication-title: J Clin Microbiol
  doi: 10.1128/JCM.36.7.2138-2139.1998
– volume: 69
  start-page: 2755
  year: 2003
  ident: ref28
  article-title: Genome differences that distinguish Bacillus anthracis from Bacillus cereus and Bacillus thuringiensis.
  publication-title: Appl Environ Microbiol
  doi: 10.1128/AEM.69.5.2755-2764.2003
– volume: 59
  start-page: 134
  year: 2008
  ident: ref48
  article-title: Self-transfer and mobilisation capabilities of the pXO2-like plasmid pBT9727 from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. konkukian 97-27.
  publication-title: Plasmid
  doi: 10.1016/j.plasmid.2007.11.007
– volume: 2
  start-page: 376
  year: 2001
  ident: ref31
  article-title: Ecological fitness, genomic islands and bacterial pathogenicity. A Darwinian view of the evolution of microbes.
  publication-title: EMBO Rep
  doi: 10.1093/embo-reports/kve097
– volume: 87
  start-page: 261
  year: 1999
  ident: ref7
  article-title: Sequence, assembly and analysis of pX01 and pX02.
  publication-title: J Appl Microbiol
  doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2672.1999.00883.x
– volume: 62
  start-page: 339
  year: 2006
  ident: ref55
  article-title: Identification of Bacillus cereus internalin and other candidate virulence genes specifically induced during oral infection in insects.
  publication-title: Mol Microbiol
  doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2006.05362.x
– volume: 32
  start-page: 977
  year: 2004
  ident: ref88
  article-title: The genome sequence of Bacillus cereus ATCC 10987 reveals metabolic adaptations and a large plasmid related to Bacillus anthracis pXO1.
  publication-title: Nucleic Acids Res
  doi: 10.1093/nar/gkh258
– volume: 162
  start-page: 543
  year: 1985
  ident: ref74
  article-title: Mating system for transfer of plasmids among Bacillus anthracis, Bacillus cereus, and Bacillus thuringiensis.
  publication-title: J Bacteriol
  doi: 10.1128/JB.162.2.543-550.1985
– volume: 48
  start-page: 811
  year: 2003
  ident: ref39
  article-title: Efficient sporulation in Clostridium difficile requires disruption of the σK gene.
  publication-title: Mol Microbiol
  doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2958.2003.03471.x
– volume: 14
  start-page: 1394
  year: 2004
  ident: ref43
  article-title: Mauve: Multiple alignment of conserved genomic sequence with rearrangements.
  publication-title: Genome Research
  doi: 10.1101/gr.2289704
– volume: 75
  start-page: 152
  year: 2007
  ident: ref50
  article-title: Protective and immunochemical activities of monoclonal antibodies reactive with the Bacillus anthracis polypeptide capsule.
  publication-title: Infect Immun
  doi: 10.1128/IAI.01133-06
– volume: 186
  start-page: 7959
  year: 2004
  ident: ref22
  article-title: Population structure and evolution of the Bacillus cereus group.
  publication-title: J Bacteriol
  doi: 10.1128/JB.186.23.7959-7970.2004
– volume: 29
  start-page: 303
  year: 2005
  ident: ref1
  article-title: Genomics of the Bacillus cereus group of organisms.
  publication-title: FEMS Microbiol Rev
– volume: 271
  start-page: 87
  year: 2002
  ident: ref13
  article-title: Bacillus anthracis cell envelope components.
  publication-title: Curr Top Microbiol Immunol
– volume: 32
  start-page: 81
  year: 2009
  ident: ref65
  article-title: Evolution of pathogenicity in the Bacillus cereus group.
  publication-title: Syst Appl Microbiol
  doi: 10.1016/j.syapm.2009.01.001
– volume: 188
  start-page: 5333
  year: 2006
  ident: ref21
  article-title: Characterization of Bacillus anthracis-like bacteria isolated from wild great apes from Cote d'Ivoire and Cameroon.
  publication-title: J Bacteriol
  doi: 10.1128/JB.00303-06
– volume: 100
  start-page: 673
  year: 2006
  ident: ref34
  article-title: Evaluation of different methods to discriminate Bacillus anthracis from other bacteria of the Bacillus cereus group.
  publication-title: J Appl Microbiol
  doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2006.02809.x
– volume: 6
  start-page: 20
  year: 2006
  ident: ref9
  article-title: Cereulide synthetase gene cluster from emetic Bacillus cereus: structure and location on a mega virulence plasmid related to Bacillus anthracis toxin plasmid pXO1.
  publication-title: BMC Microbiol
  doi: 10.1186/1471-2180-6-20
– volume: 69
  start-page: 291
  year: 2008
  ident: ref62
  article-title: A new twist on an old pathway - accessory secretion systems.
  publication-title: Mol Microbiol
  doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2008.06294.x
– volume: 152
  start-page: 3733
  year: 2006
  ident: ref69
  article-title: Comparative genomics of Neisseria meningitidis: core genome, islands of horizontal transfer and pathogen-specific genes.
  publication-title: Microbiology
  doi: 10.1099/mic.0.29261-0
– volume: 3
  start-page: 441
  year: 2003
  ident: ref81
  article-title: YACOP: Enhanced gene prediction obtained by a combination of existing methods.
  publication-title: In Silico Biol
  doi: 10.3233/ISB-00108
– volume: 36
  start-page: 3791
  year: 2008
  ident: ref57
  article-title: Molecular basis for group-specific activation of the virulence regulator PlcR by PapR heptapeptides.
  publication-title: Nucleic Acids Res
  doi: 10.1093/nar/gkn149
– volume: 214
  start-page: 51
  year: 2002
  ident: ref18
  article-title: Rapid and sensitive identification of pathogenic and apathogenic Bacillus anthracis by real-time PCR.
  publication-title: FEMS Microbiol Lett
  doi: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2002.tb11324.x
– volume: 184
  start-page: 134
  year: 2002
  ident: ref15
  article-title: Bacillus anthracis pXO1 plasmid sequence conservation among closely related bacterial species.
  publication-title: J Bacteriol
  doi: 10.1128/JB.184.1.134-141.2002
– volume: 17
  start-page: 547
  year: 2007
  ident: ref2
  article-title: Bacillus thuringiensis as a specific, safe, and effective tool for insect pest control.
  publication-title: J Microbiol Biotechnol
– volume: 182
  start-page: 2928
  year: 2000
  ident: ref11
  article-title: Multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis reveals genetic relationships within Bacillus anthracis.
  publication-title: J Bacteriol
  doi: 10.1128/JB.182.10.2928-2936.2000
– volume: 2
  start-page: e8
  year: 2006
  ident: ref19
  article-title: A new Bacillus anthracis found in wild chimpanzees and a gorilla from west and central Africa.
  publication-title: Plos Pathog
  doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.0020008
– volume: 74
  start-page: 6855
  year: 2006
  ident: ref61
  article-title: The SecA2 secretion factor of Mycobacterium tuberculosis promotes growth in macrophages and inhibits the host immune response.
  publication-title: Infect Immun
  doi: 10.1128/IAI.01022-06
– volume: 187
  start-page: 6972
  year: 2005
  ident: ref73
  article-title: Characterization of sporulation histidine kinases of Bacillus anthracis.
  publication-title: J Bacteriol
  doi: 10.1128/JB.187.20.6972-6981.2005
– volume: 5
  start-page: 164
  year: 1989
  ident: ref85
  article-title: PHYLIP - Phylogeny Inference Package (Version 3.2).
  publication-title: Cladistics
– volume: 4
  start-page: 525
  year: 1990
  ident: ref36
  article-title: The Bacillus subtilis gene for the development transcription factor sigma K is generated by excision of a dispensable DNA element containing a sporulation recombinase gene.
  publication-title: Genes Dev
  doi: 10.1101/gad.4.4.525
– volume: 87
  start-page: 279
  year: 1999
  ident: ref52
  article-title: Control of virulence gene expression in Bacillus anthracis.
  publication-title: J Appl Microbiol
  doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2672.1999.00887.x
– volume: 2
  start-page: 784
  year: 2002
  ident: ref59
  article-title: Two-dimensional electrophoresis analysis of the extracellular proteome of Bacillus cereus reveals the importance of the PlcR regulon.
  publication-title: Proteomics
  doi: 10.1002/1615-9861(200206)2:6<784::AID-PROT784>3.0.CO;2-R
– volume: 101
  start-page: 8449
  year: 2004
  ident: ref42
  article-title: Identification of anthrax toxin genes in a Bacillus cereus associated with an illness resembling inhalation anthrax.
  publication-title: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
  doi: 10.1073/pnas.0402414101
– volume: 24
  start-page: 1596
  year: 2007
  ident: ref86
  article-title: MEGA4: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) software version 4.0.
  publication-title: Mol Biol Evol
  doi: 10.1093/molbev/msm092
– volume: 2
  start-page: 277
  year: 1876
  ident: ref78
  article-title: Die Aetiologie der Milzbrand-Krankheit, begründet auf die Entwicklungsgeschichte des Bacillus anthracis.
  publication-title: Beiträge zur Biologie der Pflanzen
– volume: 75
  start-page: 4035
  year: 2009
  ident: ref67
  article-title: Rhizobium sp. strain NGR234 possesses a remarkable number of secretion systems.
  publication-title: Appl Environ Microbiol
  doi: 10.1128/AEM.00515-09
– volume: 56
  start-page: 287
  year: 2004
  ident: ref76
  article-title: Artificial soil microcosms: a tool for studying microbial autecology under controlled conditions.
  publication-title: J Microbiol Methods
  doi: 10.1016/j.mimet.2003.10.005
– volume: 188
  start-page: 3382
  year: 2006
  ident: ref26
  article-title: Pathogenomic sequence analysis of Bacillus cereus and Bacillus thuringiensis isolates closely related to Bacillus anthracis.
  publication-title: J Bacteriol
  doi: 10.1128/JB.188.9.3382-3390.2006
– volume: 29
  start-page: 129
  year: 2007
  ident: ref63
  article-title: The secret life of the multilocus sequence type.
  publication-title: Int J Antimicrob Agents
  doi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2006.11.002
– volume: 16
  start-page: 73
  year: 2008
  ident: ref60
  article-title: Bacillus protein secretion: an unfolding story.
  publication-title: Trends Microbiol
  doi: 10.1016/j.tim.2007.12.001
– volume: 3
  start-page: 34
  year: 2002
  ident: ref16
  article-title: DNA sequence conservation between the Bacillus anthracis pXO2 plasmid and genomic sequence from closely related bacteria.
  publication-title: BMC Genomics
  doi: 10.1186/1471-2164-3-34
– volume: 189
  start-page: 52
  year: 2007
  ident: ref40
  article-title: Complete sequence analysis of novel plasmids from emetic and periodontal Bacillus cereus isolates reveals a common evolutionary history among the B. cereus-group plasmids, including Bacillus anthracis pXO1.
  publication-title: J Bacteriol
  doi: 10.1128/JB.01313-06
– volume: 60
  start-page: 561
  year: 2006
  ident: ref64
  article-title: Multilocus sequence typing of bacteria.
  publication-title: Annu Rev Microbiol
  doi: 10.1146/annurev.micro.59.030804.121325
– volume: 175
  start-page: 5329
  year: 1993
  ident: ref51
  article-title: Cloning and characterization of a gene whose product is a trans-activator of anthrax toxin synthesis.
  publication-title: J Bacteriol
  doi: 10.1128/jb.175.17.5329-5338.1993
– volume: 172
  start-page: 1092
  year: 1990
  ident: ref38
  article-title: The cisA cistron of Bacillus subtilis sporulation gene spoIVC encodes a protein homologous to a site-specific recombinase.
  publication-title: J Bacteriol
  doi: 10.1128/jb.172.2.1092-1098.1990
– volume: 2
  start-page: e122
  year: 2006
  ident: ref79
  article-title: Anthrax, but not Bacillus anthracis?
  publication-title: PLoS Pathog
  doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.0020122
– volume: 68
  start-page: 5082
  year: 2002
  ident: ref8
  article-title: Complete sequence and organization of pBtoxis, the toxin-coding plasmid of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis.
  publication-title: Appl Environ Microbiol
  doi: 10.1128/AEM.68.10.5082-5095.2002
– volume: 47
  start-page: 917
  year: 2003
  ident: ref71
  article-title: A plasmid-encoded regulator couples the synthesis of toxins and surface structures in Bacillus anthracis.
  publication-title: Mol Microbiol
  doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2958.2003.03345.x
– volume: 191
  start-page: 445
  year: 2009
  ident: ref87
  article-title: The complete genome sequence of Bacillus anthracis Ames “Ancestor”.
  publication-title: J Bacteriol
  doi: 10.1128/JB.01347-08
– volume: 3
  start-page: e2793
  year: 2008
  ident: ref56
  article-title: The PlcR virulence regulon of Bacillus cereus.
  publication-title: PLoS ONE
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0002793
– volume: 5
  start-page: 15
  year: 2003
  ident: ref12
  article-title: Anthrax toxins and the host: a story of intimacy.
  publication-title: Cell Microbiol
  doi: 10.1046/j.1462-5822.2003.00253.x
– volume: 71
  start-page: 2736
  year: 2003
  ident: ref70
  article-title: Global effects of virulence gene regulators in a Bacillus anthracis strain with both virulence plasmids.
  publication-title: Infect Immun
  doi: 10.1128/IAI.71.5.2736-2743.2003
– volume: 42
  start-page: 1189
  year: 2001
  ident: ref29
  article-title: The incompatibility between the PlcR- and AtxA-controlled regulons may have selected a nonsense mutation in Bacillus anthracis.
  publication-title: Mol Microbiol
  doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2958.2001.02692.x
– volume: 10
  start-page: 851
  year: 2008
  ident: ref66
  article-title: Ecological diversification in the Bacillus cereus group.
  publication-title: Environ Microbiol
  doi: 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2007.01495.x
– volume: 7
  start-page: 43
  year: 2007
  ident: ref30
  article-title: Toxin production in a rare and genetically remote cluster of strains of the Bacillus cereus group.
  publication-title: BMC Microbiol
  doi: 10.1186/1471-2180-7-43
– volume: 296
  start-page: 2028
  year: 2002
  ident: ref44
  article-title: Comparative genome sequencing for discovery of novel polymorphisms in Bacillus anthracis.
  publication-title: Science
  doi: 10.1126/science.1071837
– volume: 6
  start-page: 103
  year: 2005
  ident: ref41
  article-title: Conjugative plasmid pAW63 brings new insights into the genesis of the Bacillus anthracis virulence plasmid pXO2 and of the Bacillus thuringiensis plasmid pBT9727.
  publication-title: BMC Genomics
  doi: 10.1186/1471-2164-6-103
– volume: 66
  start-page: 2627
  year: 2000
  ident: ref5
  article-title: Bacillus anthracis, Bacillus cereus, and Bacillus thuringiensis - one species on the basis of genetic evidence.
  publication-title: Appl Environ Microbiol
  doi: 10.1128/AEM.66.6.2627-2630.2000
– volume: 24
  start-page: 43
  year: 1999
  ident: ref25
  article-title: Bacillus thuringiensis serotype H34 isolated from human and insecticidal strains serotypes 3a3b and H14 can lead to death of immunocompetent mice after pulmonary infection.
  publication-title: FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol
  doi: 10.1111/j.1574-695X.1999.tb01263.x
– volume: 49
  start-page: 291
  year: 1985
  ident: ref46
  article-title: Demonstration of a capsule plasmid in Bacillus anthracis.
  publication-title: Infect Immun
  doi: 10.1128/IAI.49.2.291-297.1985
– volume: 31
  start-page: 164
  year: 2003
  ident: ref82
  article-title: The ERGO genome analysis and discovery system.
  publication-title: Nucleic Acids Res
  doi: 10.1093/nar/gkg148
– volume: 5
  start-page: 631
  year: 2003
  ident: ref6
  article-title: The hidden lifestyles of Bacillus cereus and relatives.
  publication-title: Environ Microbiol
  doi: 10.1046/j.1462-2920.2003.00461.x
– volume: 2
  start-page: 414
  year: 2004
  ident: ref33
  article-title: Genomic islands in pathogenic and environmental microorganisms.
  publication-title: Nat Rev Microbiol
  doi: 10.1038/nrmicro884
– volume: 178
  start-page: 377
  year: 1996
  ident: ref80
  article-title: Identification of a region of genetic variability among Bacillus anthracis strains and related species.
  publication-title: J Bacteriol
  doi: 10.1128/jb.178.2.377-384.1996
– volume: 32
  start-page: 579
  year: 2008
  ident: ref54
  article-title: From soil to gut: Bacillus cereus and its food poisoning toxins.
  publication-title: FEMS Microbiol Rev
  doi: 10.1111/j.1574-6976.2008.00112.x
– volume: 24
  start-page: 2672
  year: 2008
  ident: ref83
  article-title: Artemis and ACT: viewing, annotating and comparing sequences stored in a relational database.
  publication-title: Bioinformatics
  doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btn529
– volume: 189
  start-page: 3680
  year: 2007
  ident: ref32
  article-title: The complete genome sequence of Bacillus thuringiensis Al Hakam.
  publication-title: J Bacteriol
  doi: 10.1128/JB.00241-07
– volume: 430
  start-page: 451
  year: 2004
  ident: ref17
  article-title: Anthrax kills wild chimpanzees in a tropical rainforest.
  publication-title: Nature
  doi: 10.1038/nature02722
– volume: 16
  start-page: 215
  year: 2008
  ident: ref72
  article-title: Commingling regulatory systems following acquisition of virulence plasmids by Bacillus anthracis.
  publication-title: Trends Microbiol
  doi: 10.1016/j.tim.2008.01.010
– volume: 6
  start-page: 324
  year: 1993
  ident: ref3
  article-title: Bacillus cereus and related species.
  publication-title: Clin Microbiol Rev
  doi: 10.1128/CMR.6.4.324
– volume: 44
  start-page: 3352
  year: 2006
  ident: ref45
  article-title: Characterization of Bacillus cereus isolates associated with fatal pneumonias: strains are closely related to Bacillus anthracis and harbor B. anthracis virulence genes.
  publication-title: J Clin Microbiol
  doi: 10.1128/JCM.00561-06
– volume: 68
  start-page: 504
  year: 2008
  ident: ref53
  article-title: BslA, a pXO1-encoded adhesin of Bacillus anthracis.
  publication-title: Mol Microbiol
  doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2008.06169.x
– volume: 21
  start-page: 4550
  year: 2002
  ident: ref58
  article-title: A cell-cell signaling peptide activates the PlcR virulence regulon in bacteria of the Bacillus cereus group.
  publication-title: EMBO J
  doi: 10.1093/emboj/cdf450
– volume: 68
  start-page: 928
  year: 2006
  ident: ref20
  article-title: Anthrax in Western and Central African great apes.
  publication-title: Am J Primatol
  doi: 10.1002/ajp.20298
– volume: 70
  start-page: 191
  year: 2004
  ident: ref23
  article-title: Multilocus sequence typing scheme for bacteria of the Bacillus cereus group.
  publication-title: Appl Environ Microbiol
  doi: 10.1128/AEM.70.1.191-201.2004
– volume: 171
  start-page: 722
  year: 1989
  ident: ref14
  article-title: Molecular characterization and protein analysis of the cap region, which is essential for encapsulation in Bacillus anthracis.
  publication-title: J Bacteriol
  doi: 10.1128/jb.171.2.722-730.1989
– volume: 2
  start-page: e461
  year: 2007
  ident: ref10
  article-title: Global genetic population structure of Bacillus anthracis.
  publication-title: PLoS ONE
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0000461
– volume: 243
  start-page: 507
  year: 1989
  ident: ref35
  article-title: Chromosomal rearrangement generating a composite gene for a developmental transcription factor.
  publication-title: Science
  doi: 10.1126/science.2536191
– volume: 169
  start-page: 5263
  year: 1987
  ident: ref47
  article-title: Identification of self-transmissible plasmids in four Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies.
  publication-title: J Bacteriol
  doi: 10.1128/jb.169.11.5263-5270.1987
– volume: 6
  start-page: 110
  year: 2009
  ident: ref68
  article-title: Adaptation of pathogenic E. coli to various niches: genome flexibility is the key.
  publication-title: Genome Dyn
  doi: 10.1159/000235766
– volume: 25
  start-page: 3389
  year: 1997
  ident: ref84
  article-title: Gapped BLAST and PSI-BLAST: a new generation of protein database search programs.
  publication-title: Nucleic Acids Res
  doi: 10.1093/nar/25.17.3389
– reference: 14960714 - Nucleic Acids Res. 2004;32(3):977-88
– reference: 10475965 - J Appl Microbiol. 1999 Aug;87(2):279-81
– reference: 8366021 - J Bacteriol. 1993 Sep;175(17):5329-38
– reference: 12704148 - Infect Immun. 2003 May;71(5):2736-43
– reference: 12204372 - FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2002 Aug 27;214(1):51-9
– reference: 10781564 - J Bacteriol. 2000 May;182(10):2928-36
– reference: 18182292 - Trends Microbiol. 2008 Feb;16(2):73-9
– reference: 10831447 - Appl Environ Microbiol. 2000 Jun;66(6):2627-30
– reference: 17517121 - BMC Microbiol. 2007;7:43
– reference: 15155910 - Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Jun 1;101(22):8449-54
– reference: 3926644 - Infect Immun. 1985 Aug;49(2):291-7
– reference: 12473162 - BMC Genomics. 2002 Dec 9;3(1):34
– reference: 16199567 - J Bacteriol. 2005 Oct;187(20):6972-81
– reference: 17041058 - J Bacteriol. 2007 Jan;189(1):52-64
– reference: 17060470 - Infect Immun. 2007 Jan;75(1):152-63
– reference: 12112862 - Proteomics. 2002 Jun;2(6):784-91
– reference: 12871230 - Environ Microbiol. 2003 Aug;5(8):631-40
– reference: 3988702 - J Bacteriol. 1985 May;162(2):543-50
– reference: 14965344 - In Silico Biol. 2003;3(4):441-51
– reference: 16621833 - J Bacteriol. 2006 May;188(9):3382-90
– reference: 17337577 - J Bacteriol. 2007 May;189(9):3680-1
– reference: 17204401 - Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2007 Feb;29(2):129-35
– reference: 2536191 - Science. 1989 Jan 27;243(4890):507-12
– reference: 15269768 - Nature. 2004 Jul 22;430(6998):451-2
– reference: 10340711 - FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol. 1999 May;24(1):43-7
– reference: 16820495 - Appl Environ Microbiol. 2006 Jul;72(7):4970-7
– reference: 11097928 - Appl Environ Microbiol. 2000 Dec;66(12):5460-8
– reference: 11886551 - Mol Microbiol. 2001 Dec;42(5):1189-98
– reference: 12732546 - Appl Environ Microbiol. 2003 May;69(5):2755-64
– reference: 16512902 - BMC Microbiol. 2006;6:20
– reference: 16672454 - Appl Environ Microbiol. 2006 May;72(5):3168-74
– reference: 12581349 - Mol Microbiol. 2003 Feb;47(4):917-27
– reference: 19200684 - Syst Appl Microbiol. 2009 Apr;32(2):81-90
– reference: 18845581 - Bioinformatics. 2008 Dec 1;24(23):2672-6
– reference: 14744457 - J Microbiol Methods. 2004 Feb;56(2):287-90
– reference: 17121463 - PLoS Pathog. 2006 Nov;2(11):e122
– reference: 16954272 - J Clin Microbiol. 2006 Sep;44(9):3352-60
– reference: 12396926 - Emerg Infect Dis. 2002 Oct;8(10):1117-23
– reference: 12198157 - EMBO J. 2002 Sep 2;21(17):4550-9
– reference: 12694623 - Mol Microbiol. 2003 May;48(3):811-21
– reference: 16774461 - Annu Rev Microbiol. 2006;60:561-88
– reference: 18272219 - Plasmid. 2008 Mar;59(2):134-8
– reference: 16978259 - Mol Microbiol. 2006 Oct;62(2):339-55
– reference: 16900500 - Am J Primatol. 2006 Sep;68(9):928-33
– reference: 17030572 - Infect Immun. 2006 Dec;74(12):6855-64
– reference: 16553722 - J Appl Microbiol. 2006 Apr;100(4):673-81
– reference: 18422617 - FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2008 Jul;32(4):579-606
– reference: 15808746 - FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2005 Apr;29(2):303-29
– reference: 15231754 - Genome Res. 2004 Jul;14(7):1394-403
– reference: 15547268 - J Bacteriol. 2004 Dec;186(23):7959-70
– reference: 3117773 - J Bacteriol. 1987 Nov;169(11):5263-70
– reference: 18665214 - PLoS One. 2008;3(7):e2793
– reference: 16855222 - J Bacteriol. 2006 Aug;188(15):5333-44
– reference: 18952800 - J Bacteriol. 2009 Jan;191(1):445-6
– reference: 18366441 - Mol Microbiol. 2008 Apr;68(2):504-15
– reference: 2105293 - J Bacteriol. 1990 Feb;172(2):1092-8
– reference: 9650985 - J Clin Microbiol. 1998 Jul;36(7):2138-9
– reference: 2163341 - Genes Dev. 1990 Apr;4(4):525-35
– reference: 12224525 - Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2002;271:87-113
– reference: 18374574 - Trends Microbiol. 2008 May;16(5):215-21
– reference: 18036180 - Environ Microbiol. 2008 Apr;10(4):851-65
– reference: 15100694 - Nat Rev Microbiol. 2004 May;2(5):414-24
– reference: 19696497 - Genome Dyn. 2009;6:110-25
– reference: 14711642 - Appl Environ Microbiol. 2004 Jan;70(1):191-201
– reference: 16738706 - PLoS Pathog. 2006 Jan;2(1):e8
– reference: 12542467 - Cell Microbiol. 2003 Jan;5(1):15-23
– reference: 18544071 - Mol Microbiol. 2008 Jul;69(2):291-302
– reference: 18051264 - J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2007 Apr;17(4):547-59
– reference: 11375927 - EMBO Rep. 2001 May;2(5):376-81
– reference: 19376903 - Appl Environ Microbiol. 2009 Jun;75(12):4035-45
– reference: 10475962 - J Appl Microbiol. 1999 Aug;87(2):261-2
– reference: 18492723 - Nucleic Acids Res. 2008 Jun;36(11):3791-801
– reference: 19304837 - Appl Environ Microbiol. 2009 May;75(10):3016-28
– reference: 17159225 - Microbiology. 2006 Dec;152(Pt 12):3733-49
– reference: 16042811 - BMC Genomics. 2005;6:103
– reference: 2536679 - J Bacteriol. 1989 Feb;171(2):722-30
– reference: 17488738 - Mol Biol Evol. 2007 Aug;24(8):1596-9
– reference: 11741853 - J Bacteriol. 2002 Jan;184(1):134-41
– reference: 17520020 - PLoS One. 2007;2(5):e461
– reference: 12721630 - Nature. 2003 May 1;423(6935):87-91
– reference: 9254694 - Nucleic Acids Res. 1997 Sep 1;25(17):3389-402
– reference: 8269390 - Clin Microbiol Rev. 1993 Oct;6(4):324-38
– reference: 12004073 - Science. 2002 Jun 14;296(5575):2028-33
– reference: 12324359 - Appl Environ Microbiol. 2002 Oct;68(10):5082-95
– reference: 8550456 - J Bacteriol. 1996 Jan;178(2):377-84
– reference: 12519973 - Nucleic Acids Res. 2003 Jan 1;31(1):164-71
SSID ssj0053866
Score 2.3906684
Snippet Anthrax is a fatal disease caused by strains of Bacillus anthracis. Members of this monophyletic species are non motile and are all characterized by the...
Anthrax is a fatal disease caused by strains of Bacillus anthracis . Members of this monophyletic species are non motile and are all characterized by the...
SourceID plos
doaj
pubmedcentral
proquest
gale
pubmed
crossref
SourceType Open Website
Open Access Repository
Aggregation Database
Index Database
Enrichment Source
StartPage e10986
SubjectTerms Acids
Analysis
Animals
Anthrax
Anthrax - microbiology
Anthrax - veterinary
Bacillus
Bacillus anthracis
Bacillus anthracis - genetics
Bacillus anthracis - pathogenicity
Bacillus cereus
Bacillus cereus - genetics
Bacillus thuringiensis
Bacteria
Bacterial genetics
Bacterial infections
Chimpanzees
Chromosomes
Chromosomes, Bacterial - genetics
Computational Biology
Diagnostic systems
Edema
Fatalities
Genes
Genetic aspects
Genetic research
Genetics
Genetics and Genomics/Genomics
Genome, Bacterial - genetics
Genomes
Genomics
Infectious Diseases/Bacterial Infections
Laboratories
Lungs
Metabolism
Microbiology
Microbiology/Microbial Evolution and Genomics
Models, Genetic
Mutation
Nonsense mutation
Nucleotide sequence
Pan troglodytes - microbiology
Plasmids
Plasmids - genetics
Primate Diseases - microbiology
Prophages
Rainforests
Regulon - genetics
Relational data bases
Virulence
Virulence - genetics
SummonAdditionalLinks – databaseName: Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
  dbid: DOA
  link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV3db9MwELdQn3hBjK8VBlgICXhI18SOHT-uiGkgARIwtLfIn1ukNomaFiH-C_5j7pI0atCk8cBj4_O1vTvfneO7nwl5mWqecCt95HzMIy6cjrROdcR4GjstXBYCNgp__CTOzvmHi_Ri76ovrAnr4IE7wR0n3EhIQRLljYHg6bK5ZnEcEg2BTWfMofeFmLfbTHU-GFaxEH2jHJPxca-XWV2VftaeBmHv9F4gavH6B688qZdVc13K-Xfl5F4oOr1L7vQ5JD3pfvsBueXLe-SgX6UNfd1DSb-5T36DFVCEYV15WgWq6ULbYrncNrQAm4M0k1qNle-XVOOFCfonLUpqr7B1svzlgRfYo8HCeHiIdXtNtYIvrvEF_hqRWJHpYkatX3vgie908WPHyxYN_VGst21XE60hS18VrnlAzk_ffXt7FvWXMERWqHgTWdzhpUxYq7jRPkjnzFzZWEOeYbiD_MPGaaaFksrzJBjpVZp65ZU1iQuKs4dkUoLYDwmdB6UhUsaZcYJbJzIXuA9BmmC9zribErbTSG57hHK8KGOZt8duEnYqnYBz1GPe63FKomFW3SF03EC_QGUPtIiv3T4Aq8t7q8tvsropeY6mknfNqoOXyE-4ZOC2pVBT8qKlQIyNEot4LkGfTf7-8_d_IPr6ZUT0qicKFYjD6r5xAv4TYneNKI9GlOAp7Gj4EA17J5Umh1wvzhQ2J8PMnbFfP0yHYWSKhXmlr7ZNLhkDmcYZn5JH3dIYBJtA9gvhASbL0aIZSX48UhZXLcI5Hu4zNn_8P1T1hNzuKj5kNFdHZLJZb_1TSCQ35lnrM_4AM4Z00Q
  priority: 102
  providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals
– databaseName: ProQuest Technology Collection
  dbid: 8FG
  link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwjV3db9MwELegvPCCGF_rGGAhJOAhW504cfyE1oqyIQETsGlvkeOPLlKblKaVEP8F_zF3iRsWNAGPic9Ocue7-8W-OxPyIlY85FrYwFjGA54YFSgVqyDiMTMqMalzmCj84WNyfMbfX8QXfsGt9mGVW5vYGGpTaVwjPwS_xFKJiZRvlt8CPDUKd1f9ERo3yS0GngZDutLpu60lBl1OEp8uFwl26KVzsKxKe9DsCWEG9RV31FTt72zzYDmv6uuA55_xk1cc0vQuueORJD1qRb9DbtjyHtnxulrTV76g9Ov75CfMBQqX1cLSylFFx0oX8_mmpicw8wBs0onC-PcZbY5NUN9pUdLJJSZQlj8sjAVGI8fweIqldBdVXS3gwae4jL_Ceqw46PiAaruyMCau7OKlasbSRU3Pi9WmyW2ip4DVF4WpH5Cz6duvk-PAH8UQ6ESydaDxPy-OEq0lz5V1wph8JDVTgDZybgCFaBanKpFCWh66XFgZx1ZaqfPQOMmjh2RQAtt3CR05qcBfsjQ3CdcmSY3j1jmRO21Vys2QRFuJZNrXKcfjMuZZs_km4H-lZXCGcsy8HIck6Hot2zod_6Afo7A7Wqyy3dyoVrPMK20W8lwA_A2lzXMAbiYdqYgxFyoAVSqN4FWf4VTJ2pTVzlZkR1xEYLxFIofkeUOBlTZKDOWZgTzr7OTT-X8QffncI3rpiVwF7NDKp0_AN2EFrx7lfo8S7IXuNe_ixN5ypc5-axb03E7265tp14yDYnheaatNnYkoAp6ylA_Jo1Y1OsaGgIHBSUBn0VOaHuf7LWVx2dQ5xy3-KBrt_f2tHpPbbUSHCEZynwzWq419AkBxnT9trMEvtLVsAQ
  priority: 102
  providerName: ProQuest
Title The Genome of a Bacillus Isolate Causing Anthrax in Chimpanzees Combines Chromosomal Properties of B. cereus with B. anthracis Virulence Plasmids
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20634886
https://www.proquest.com/docview/1291896286
https://www.proquest.com/docview/733986184
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC2901330
https://doaj.org/article/24b731029ebb439d80a311f2a222a83d
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0010986
Volume 5
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
link http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwlV3db9MwELe27oUXxPhaYRQLIQEPqZrEieMHhNaqZUPamAab9hY5_ugqtUlpWmnwwP_Af8ydm0YEFQEvkVKfr-2dff7Zvg9CXkaSBUxx42njM4_FWnpSRtILWeRrGevEWgwUPj2Ljy_Zh-voeodsarZWAiy3bu2wntTlYtq9_fL1HUz4t65qA_c3nbrzIjddd9eTxLtkD9YmjjUNTll9rwCz291eImrx4qAXVsF0f-LSWKxcTv_acrfm06LcBkt_9678Zbka3SN3K5xJj9YDY5_smPw-2a9mcklfV-mm3zwgP2CkUHgtZoYWlkral2oyna5KegLjEqAoHUj0jh9TV1RB3tJJTgc3GF6ZfzPAC0xKhs7zFBPtzoqymMEXn-Mh_wKztSLTfpcqszDAE8998VU6XmpS0qvJYuUin-g5IPnZRJcPyeVo-Hlw7FWFGjwVC3_pKdwFRmGslGCZNJZrnfWE8iVgkYxpwCjKjxIZCy4MC2zGjYgiI4xQWaCtYOEj0spB7AeE9qyQsJr6SaZjpnScaMuMtTyzysiE6TYJNxpJVZXFHItpTFN3NcdhN7MWcIp6TCs9tolX95qvs3j8hb6Pyq5pMQe3-6BYjNNqSqcByziA40CYLANYp5OeDH3fBhIgl0xC-KnPcaik64DW2pKkR4yHYNp5LNrkhaPAPBw5OvqMQZ9levLx6h-IPl00iF5VRLYAcShZBVfAf8L8Xg3KwwYlWBPVaD7Agb2RSpkCHvQTgQHM0HMz2Lc307oZmaLzXm6KVZnyMASZ-glrk8frqVELNgCEDEsIdOaNSdOQfLMln9y4LOjoABCGvSf_qdqn5M7aAYR7PXFIWsvFyjwDXLnMOmSXX3N4JgMfn6P3HbLXH56dX3TcSU3HmRJ8fh_-BAfSgC8
linkProvider Scholars Portal
linkToHtml http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwtR3LbtNAcFXCAS6I8mqg0BUCAQe3sb32eg8ItYGQ0AcVtFVvZr2PNFJihzgRj7_gR_hGZvwINaqAS4_2zo7tmdmZWe88CHkSSOYxxY2jjcscFmrpSBlIx2eBq2WoI2sxUXj_IOwfs3enwekK-VnnwmBYZa0TC0WtM4X_yLfALrmRwETKV9PPDnaNwtPVuoVGKRa75tsX2LLlLwevgb9PPa_35qjbd6quAo4KhTt3FG5ZAj9USrBEGsu1TjpCuRIMZ8I0GFTlBpEMBReGeTbhRgSBEUaoxNNWMB_wXiFXmQ-WHDPTe29rzQ-6Iwyr9Dyfu1uVNGxOs9RsFmdQmLF9zvwVXQKWtqA1HWf5RY7un_Ga5wxg7ya5UXmudLsUtVWyYtJbZLXSDTl9XhWwfnGb_ADZo3CZTQzNLJV0R6rReLzI6QAkHZxb2pUYbz-kRZsG-ZWOUto9w4TN9LsBXKCkEgzHp1i6d5Ll2QQefIjHBjOs_4pIdzapMjMDOPFPMl7KApca5fRkNFsUuVT0EPYGk5HO75DjS2HSXdJKgexrhHaskGCf3SjRIVM6jLRlxlqeWGVkxHSb-DVHYlXVRcf2HOO4OOzjsD8qCRwjH-OKj23iLGdNy7og_4DfQWYvYbGqd3Ejmw3jSknEHks4uNueMEkCjqKOOtJ3XetJcOJk5MOrbqCoxGWK7FI3xduM-2AseCja5HEBgZU9UgwdGgI_83jw_uQ_gD5-aAA9q4BsBuRQskrXgG_CimENyPUGJOgn1RheQ8GuqZLHv1cyzKyF_eJhuhxGpBgOmJpskcccFl-ErYra5F65NJaE9cDnBqMEk3lj0TQo3xxJR2dFXXUMKfD9zv2_v9UGudY_2t-L9wYHuw_I9TKahDsdsU5a89nCPAQndZ48KjQDJZ8uWxX9AmQaqZ8
linkToPdf http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwtR3LbtNAcFWKhLggyquBQlcIBBzcxt6113tAqEmpGgqlAlr15q730UZK7BAn4vEX_A5fx4ztmBpVwKVHe2fH9szszKx3HoQ8CRUPuBbWM9bnHo-M8pQKlcd46BsVmdg5TBR-tx_tHvI3x-HxEvm5yIXBsMqFTiwVtck1_iPfBLvkxxITKTddHRZxsL3zavLZww5SeNK6aKdRicie_fYFtm_Fy8E28PppEOy8_tTf9eoOA56OpD_zNG5fQhZpLXmqrBPGpF2pfQVGNOUGjKv2w1hFUkjLA5cKK8PQSit1GhgnOQO8V8hVwUSMayzuN-EloEeiqE7VY8LfrCVjY5JndqM8j8Ls7XOmsOwY0NiF5ckoLy5yev-M3TxnDHdukhu1F0u3KrFbIUs2u0VWaj1R0Od1MesXt8kPkEMKl_nY0txRRXtKD0ejeUEHIPXg6NK-wtj7U1q2bFBf6TCj_TNM3sy-W8AFCivF0HyKZXzHeZGP4cEHeIQwxVqwiLS3QbWdWsCJf5XxUpW49LCgR8PpvMyrogewTxgPTXGHHF4Kk-6S5QzIvkpo10kFttqPUxNxbaLYOG6dE6nTVsXcdAhbcCTRdY10bNUxSsqDPwF7pYrACfIxqfnYIV4za1LVCPkHfA-Z3cBihe_yRj49TWqFkQQ8FeB6B9KmKTiNJu4q5vsuUODQqZjBq66jqCRVumyjp5ItLhgYDhHJDnlcQmCVjwzXyynws0gG74_-A-jjhxbQsxrI5UAOrerUDfgmrB7WglxrQYKu0q3hVRTsBVWK5PeqhpkLYb94mDbDiBRDAzObz4tEMAY09WPeIfeqpdEQNgD_GwwUTBatRdOifHskG56VNdYxvICx7v2_v9U6uQZKKHk72N97QK5XgSXC68o1sjybzu1D8Fdn6aNSMVByctma6BevVK2g
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+Genome+of+a+Bacillus+Isolate+Causing+Anthrax+in+Chimpanzees+Combines+Chromosomal+Properties+of+B.+cereus+with+B.+anthracis+Virulence+Plasmids&rft.jtitle=PloS+one&rft.au=Klee%2C+Silke+R.&rft.au=Brzuszkiewicz%2C+Elzbieta+B.&rft.au=Nattermann%2C+Herbert&rft.au=Br%C3%BCggemann%2C+Holger&rft.date=2010-07-09&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.eissn=1932-6203&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=e10986&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0010986&rft.externalDBID=n%2Fa&rft.externalDocID=10_1371_journal_pone_0010986
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1932-6203&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1932-6203&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1932-6203&client=summon