Moral Concepts Set Decision Strategies to Abstract Values

Persons have different value preferences. Neuroimaging studies where value-based decisions in actual conflict situations were investigated suggest an important role of prefrontal and cingulate brain regions. General preferences, however, reflect a superordinate moral concept independent of actual si...

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Published inPloS one Vol. 6; no. 4; p. e18451
Main Authors Caspers, Svenja, Heim, Stefan, Lucas, Marc G., Stephan, Egon, Fischer, Lorenz, Amunts, Katrin, Zilles, Karl
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States Public Library of Science 01.04.2011
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Subjects
Adult
Amygdala
Behavior - ethics
Behavior - physiology
Biology
Brain
Brain - physiology
Brain mapping
Brain research
Cortex (cingulate)
Cortex (frontal)
Decision making
Decision Making - ethics
Decision Making - physiology
Decisions
Dyslexia
Economic analysis
Female
Functional magnetic resonance imaging
Humans
Intelligence - physiology
Magnetic resonance
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Male
Medical imaging
Medicine
Morality
Morals
Neuroimaging
Neurology
Neurosciences
NMR
Nuclear magnetic resonance
Personality - physiology
Prefrontal cortex
Principles
Psychotherapy
Science Policy
Social and Behavioral Sciences
Social aspects
Social Values
Socio-economic aspects
Strategy
Studies
Values
Aachen Germany
Germany
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Abstract Persons have different value preferences. Neuroimaging studies where value-based decisions in actual conflict situations were investigated suggest an important role of prefrontal and cingulate brain regions. General preferences, however, reflect a superordinate moral concept independent of actual situations as proposed in psychological and socioeconomic research. Here, the specific brain response would be influenced by abstract value systems and moral concepts. The neurobiological mechanisms underlying such responses are largely unknown. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with a forced-choice paradigm on word pairs representing abstract values, we show that the brain handles such decisions depending on the person's superordinate moral concept. Persons with a predominant collectivistic (altruistic) value system applied a "balancing and weighing" strategy, recruiting brain regions of rostral inferior and intraparietal, and midcingulate and frontal cortex. Conversely, subjects with mainly individualistic (egocentric) value preferences applied a "fight-and-flight" strategy by recruiting the left amygdala. Finally, if subjects experience a value conflict when rejecting an alternative congruent to their own predominant value preference, comparable brain regions are activated as found in actual moral dilemma situations, i.e., midcingulate and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Our results demonstrate that superordinate moral concepts influence the strategy and the neural mechanisms in decision processes, independent of actual situations, showing that decisions are based on general neural principles. These findings provide a novel perspective to future sociological and economic research as well as to the analysis of social relations by focusing on abstract value systems as triggers of specific brain responses.
AbstractList Persons have different value preferences. Neuroimaging studies where value-based decisions in actual conflict situations were investigated suggest an important role of prefrontal and cingulate brain regions. General preferences, however, reflect a superordinate moral concept independent of actual situations as proposed in psychological and socioeconomic research. Here, the specific brain response would be influenced by abstract value systems and moral concepts. The neurobiological mechanisms underlying such responses are largely unknown. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with a forced-choice paradigm on word pairs representing abstract values, we show that the brain handles such decisions depending on the person's superordinate moral concept. Persons with a predominant collectivistic (altruistic) value system applied a “balancing and weighing” strategy, recruiting brain regions of rostral inferior and intraparietal, and midcingulate and frontal cortex. Conversely, subjects with mainly individualistic (egocentric) value preferences applied a “fight-and-flight” strategy by recruiting the left amygdala. Finally, if subjects experience a value conflict when rejecting an alternative congruent to their own predominant value preference, comparable brain regions are activated as found in actual moral dilemma situations, i.e., midcingulate and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Our results demonstrate that superordinate moral concepts influence the strategy and the neural mechanisms in decision processes, independent of actual situations, showing that decisions are based on general neural principles. These findings provide a novel perspective to future sociological and economic research as well as to the analysis of social relations by focusing on abstract value systems as triggers of specific brain responses.
Persons have different value preferences. Neuroimaging studies where value-based decisions in actual conflict situations were investigated suggest an important role of prefrontal and cingulate brain regions. General preferences, however, reflect a superordinate moral concept independent of actual situations as proposed in psychological and socioeconomic research. Here, the specific brain response would be influenced by abstract value systems and moral concepts. The neurobiological mechanisms underlying such responses are largely unknown. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with a forced-choice paradigm on word pairs representing abstract values, we show that the brain handles such decisions depending on the person's superordinate moral concept. Persons with a predominant collectivistic (altruistic) value system applied a "balancing and weighing" strategy, recruiting brain regions of rostral inferior and intraparietal, and midcingulate and frontal cortex. Conversely, subjects with mainly individualistic (egocentric) value preferences applied a "fight-and-flight" strategy by recruiting the left amygdala. Finally, if subjects experience a value conflict when rejecting an alternative congruent to their own predominant value preference, comparable brain regions are activated as found in actual moral dilemma situations, i.e., midcingulate and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Our results demonstrate that superordinate moral concepts influence the strategy and the neural mechanisms in decision processes, independent of actual situations, showing that decisions are based on general neural principles. These findings provide a novel perspective to future sociological and economic research as well as to the analysis of social relations by focusing on abstract value systems as triggers of specific brain responses.Persons have different value preferences. Neuroimaging studies where value-based decisions in actual conflict situations were investigated suggest an important role of prefrontal and cingulate brain regions. General preferences, however, reflect a superordinate moral concept independent of actual situations as proposed in psychological and socioeconomic research. Here, the specific brain response would be influenced by abstract value systems and moral concepts. The neurobiological mechanisms underlying such responses are largely unknown. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with a forced-choice paradigm on word pairs representing abstract values, we show that the brain handles such decisions depending on the person's superordinate moral concept. Persons with a predominant collectivistic (altruistic) value system applied a "balancing and weighing" strategy, recruiting brain regions of rostral inferior and intraparietal, and midcingulate and frontal cortex. Conversely, subjects with mainly individualistic (egocentric) value preferences applied a "fight-and-flight" strategy by recruiting the left amygdala. Finally, if subjects experience a value conflict when rejecting an alternative congruent to their own predominant value preference, comparable brain regions are activated as found in actual moral dilemma situations, i.e., midcingulate and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Our results demonstrate that superordinate moral concepts influence the strategy and the neural mechanisms in decision processes, independent of actual situations, showing that decisions are based on general neural principles. These findings provide a novel perspective to future sociological and economic research as well as to the analysis of social relations by focusing on abstract value systems as triggers of specific brain responses.
Audience Academic
Author Caspers, Svenja
Stephan, Egon
Lucas, Marc G.
Fischer, Lorenz
Heim, Stefan
Amunts, Katrin
Zilles, Karl
AuthorAffiliation 3 Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
8 C. and O. Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
4 Section Neurological Cognition Research, Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
1 Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1, INM-2), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
7 Institute of Economic and Social Psychology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
2 JARA-BRAIN, Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance, Jülich, Germany
5 INEKO, Department Psychology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
6 Department of Business Studies – Leadership and Organization, FernUniversität Hagen, Hagen, Germany
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BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21483767$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Copyright COPYRIGHT 2011 Public Library of Science
2011 Caspers et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
Caspers et al. 2011
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Conceived and designed the experiments: SC SH MGL. Performed the experiments: SC SH. Analyzed the data: SC SH MGL ES LF KA KZ. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: KA KZ. Wrote the paper: SC SH KZ. Advised on interpretation of data with respect to value theories and their meaning for psychological and business research: ES LF. Advised on neuroscientific aspects of study design and interpretation of the results: KA KZ.
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Snippet Persons have different value preferences. Neuroimaging studies where value-based decisions in actual conflict situations were investigated suggest an important...
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SubjectTerms Adult
Amygdala
Behavior - ethics
Behavior - physiology
Biology
Brain
Brain - physiology
Brain mapping
Brain research
Cortex (cingulate)
Cortex (frontal)
Decision making
Decision Making - ethics
Decision Making - physiology
Decisions
Dyslexia
Economic analysis
Female
Functional magnetic resonance imaging
Humans
Intelligence - physiology
Magnetic resonance
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Male
Medical imaging
Medicine
Morality
Morals
Neuroimaging
Neurology
Neurosciences
NMR
Nuclear magnetic resonance
Personality - physiology
Prefrontal cortex
Principles
Psychotherapy
Science Policy
Social and Behavioral Sciences
Social aspects
Social Values
Socio-economic aspects
Strategy
Studies
Values
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Title Moral Concepts Set Decision Strategies to Abstract Values
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21483767
https://www.proquest.com/docview/1296304498
https://www.proquest.com/docview/861792743
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC3069966
https://doaj.org/article/0a98db82960a4178b93e8bdc59ca6ac1
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0018451
Volume 6
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