Rapid clearance of Schistosoma mansoni circulating cathodic antigen after treatment shown by urine strip tests in a Ugandan fishing community - Relevance for monitoring treatment efficacy and re-infection

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00215267.

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Published inPLoS neglected tropical diseases Vol. 11; no. 11; p. e0006054
Main Authors Kildemoes, Anna O, Vennervald, Birgitte J, Tukahebwa, Edridah M, Kabatereine, Narcis B, Magnussen, Pascal, de Dood, Claudia J, Deelder, André M, Wilson, Shona, van Dam, Govert J
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LanguageEnglish
Published United States Public Library of Science 13.11.2017
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Abstract ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00215267.
AbstractList Schistosomiasis control and elimination has priority in public health agendas in several sub-Saharan countries. However, achieving these goals remains a substantial challenge. In order to assess progress of interventions and treatment efficacy it is pertinent to have accurate, feasible and affordable diagnostic tools. Detection of Schistosoma mansoni infection by circulating cathodic antigen (CCA) in urine is an attractive option as this measure describes live worm infection noninvasively. In order to interpret treatment efficacy and re-infection levels, knowledge about clearance of this antigen is necessary. The current study aims to investigate, whether antigen clearance as a proxy for decreasing worm numbers is reflected in decreasing CCA levels in urine shortly after praziquantel treatment. Here CCA levels are measured 24 hours post treatment in response to both a single and two treatments. The study was designed as a series of cross-sectional urine and stool sample collections from 446 individuals nested in a two-arm randomised single blinded longitudinal clinical trial cohort matched by gender and age (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00215267) receiving one or two praziquantel treatments. CCA levels in urine were determined by carbon-conjugated monoclonal antibody lateral flow strip assay and eggs per gram faeces for S. mansoni and soil-transmitted helminths by Kato-Katz. Significant correlations between CCA levels and S. mansoni egg count at every measured time point were found and confirmed the added beneficial effect of a second treatment at two weeks after baseline. Furthermore, presence of hookworm was found not to be a confounder for CCA test specificity. Twenty-four hours post treatment measures of mean CCA scores showed significant reductions. In conclusion, removal of CCA in response to treatment is detectable as a decline in CCA in urine already after 24 hours. This has relevance for use and interpretation of laboratory based and point-of-care CCA tests in terms of treatment efficacy and re-infection proportions as this measure provides information on the presence of all actively feeding stages of S. mansoni, which conventional faecal microscopy methods do not accurately reflect.TRIAL REGISTRATIONClinicalTrials.gov NCT00215267.
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00215267.
Schistosomiasis control and elimination has priority in public health agendas in several sub-Saharan countries. However, achieving these goals remains a substantial challenge. In order to assess progress of interventions and treatment efficacy it is pertinent to have accurate, feasible and affordable diagnostic tools. Detection of Schistosoma mansoni infection by circulating cathodic antigen (CCA) in urine is an attractive option as this measure describes live worm infection noninvasively. In order to interpret treatment efficacy and re-infection levels, knowledge about clearance of this antigen is necessary. The current study aims to investigate, whether antigen clearance as a proxy for decreasing worm numbers is reflected in decreasing CCA levels in urine shortly after praziquantel treatment. Here CCA levels are measured 24 hours post treatment in response to both a single and two treatments. The study was designed as a series of cross-sectional urine and stool sample collections from 446 individuals nested in a two-arm randomised single blinded longitudinal clinical trial cohort matched by gender and age (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00215267) receiving one or two praziquantel treatments. CCA levels in urine were determined by carbon-conjugated monoclonal antibody lateral flow strip assay and eggs per gram faeces for S. mansoni and soil-transmitted helminths by Kato-Katz. Significant correlations between CCA levels and S. mansoni egg count at every measured time point were found and confirmed the added beneficial effect of a second treatment at two weeks after baseline. Furthermore, presence of hookworm was found not to be a confounder for CCA test specificity. Twenty-four hours post treatment measures of mean CCA scores showed significant reductions. In conclusion, removal of CCA in response to treatment is detectable as a decline in CCA in urine already after 24 hours. This has relevance for use and interpretation of laboratory based and point-of-care CCA tests in terms of treatment efficacy and re-infection proportions as this measure provides information on the presence of all actively feeding stages of S. mansoni, which conventional faecal microscopy methods do not accurately reflect. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00215267
Schistosomiasis control and elimination has priority in public health agendas in several sub-Saharan countries. However, achieving these goals remains a substantial challenge. In order to assess progress of interventions and treatment efficacy it is pertinent to have accurate, feasible and affordable diagnostic tools. Detection of Schistosoma mansoni infection by circulating cathodic antigen (CCA) in urine is an attractive option as this measure describes live worm infection noninvasively. In order to interpret treatment efficacy and re-infection levels, knowledge about clearance of this antigen is necessary. The current study aims to investigate, whether antigen clearance as a proxy for decreasing worm numbers is reflected in decreasing CCA levels in urine shortly after praziquantel treatment. Here CCA levels are measured 24 hours post treatment in response to both a single and two treatments. The study was designed as a series of cross-sectional urine and stool sample collections from 446 individuals nested in a two-arm randomised single blinded longitudinal clinical trial cohort matched by gender and age (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00215267) receiving one or two praziquantel treatments. CCA levels in urine were determined by carbon-conjugated monoclonal antibody lateral flow strip assay and eggs per gram faeces for S. mansoni and soil-transmitted helminths by Kato-Katz. Significant correlations between CCA levels and S. mansoni egg count at every measured time point were found and confirmed the added beneficial effect of a second treatment at two weeks after baseline. Furthermore, presence of hookworm was found not to be a confounder for CCA test specificity. Twenty-four hours post treatment measures of mean CCA scores showed significant reductions. In conclusion, removal of CCA in response to treatment is detectable as a decline in CCA in urine already after 24 hours. This has relevance for use and interpretation of laboratory based and point-of-care CCA tests in terms of treatment efficacy and re-infection proportions as this measure provides information on the presence of all actively feeding stages of S. mansoni, which conventional faecal microscopy methods do not accurately reflect. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00215267
Schistosomiasis control and elimination has priority in public health agendas in several sub-Saharan countries. However, achieving these goals remains a substantial challenge. In order to assess progress of interventions and treatment efficacy it is pertinent to have accurate, feasible and affordable diagnostic tools. Detection of Schistosoma mansoni infection by circulating cathodic antigen (CCA) in urine is an attractive option as this measure describes live worm infection noninvasively. In order to interpret treatment efficacy and re-infection levels, knowledge about clearance of this antigen is necessary. The current study aims to investigate, whether antigen clearance as a proxy for decreasing worm numbers is reflected in decreasing CCA levels in urine shortly after praziquantel treatment. Here CCA levels are measured 24 hours post treatment in response to both a single and two treatments. The study was designed as a series of cross-sectional urine and stool sample collections from 446 individuals nested in a two-arm randomised single blinded longitudinal clinical trial cohort matched by gender and age (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00215267) receiving one or two praziquantel treatments. CCA levels in urine were determined by carbon-conjugated monoclonal antibody lateral flow strip assay and eggs per gram faeces for S. mansoni and soil-transmitted helminths by Kato-Katz. Significant correlations between CCA levels and S. mansoni egg count at every measured time point were found and confirmed the added beneficial effect of a second treatment at two weeks after baseline. Furthermore, presence of hookworm was found not to be a confounder for CCA test specificity. Twenty-four hours post treatment measures of mean CCA scores showed significant reductions. In conclusion, removal of CCA in response to treatment is detectable as a decline in CCA in urine already after 24 hours. This has relevance for use and interpretation of laboratory based and point-of-care CCA tests in terms of treatment efficacy and re-infection proportions as this measure provides information on the presence of all actively feeding stages of S. mansoni, which conventional faecal microscopy methods do not accurately reflect.
Schistosomiasis control and elimination has priority in public health agendas in several sub-Saharan countries. However, achieving these goals remains a substantial challenge. In order to assess progress of interventions and treatment efficacy it is pertinent to have accurate, feasible and affordable diagnostic tools. Detection of Schistosoma mansoni infection by circulating cathodic antigen (CCA) in urine is an attractive option as this measure describes live worm infection noninvasively. In order to interpret treatment efficacy and re-infection levels, knowledge about clearance of this antigen is necessary. The current study aims to investigate, whether antigen clearance as a proxy for decreasing worm numbers is reflected in decreasing CCA levels in urine shortly after praziquantel treatment. Here CCA levels are measured 24 hours post treatment in response to both a single and two treatments. The study was designed as a series of cross-sectional urine and stool sample collections from 446 individuals nested in a two-arm randomised single blinded longitudinal clinical trial cohort matched by gender and age (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00215267) receiving one or two praziquantel treatments. CCA levels in urine were determined by carbon-conjugated monoclonal antibody lateral flow strip assay and eggs per gram faeces for S . mansoni and soil-transmitted helminths by Kato-Katz. Significant correlations between CCA levels and S . mansoni egg count at every measured time point were found and confirmed the added beneficial effect of a second treatment at two weeks after baseline. Furthermore, presence of hookworm was found not to be a confounder for CCA test specificity. Twenty-four hours post treatment measures of mean CCA scores showed significant reductions. In conclusion, removal of CCA in response to treatment is detectable as a decline in CCA in urine already after 24 hours. This has relevance for use and interpretation of laboratory based and point-of-care CCA tests in terms of treatment efficacy and re-infection proportions as this measure provides information on the presence of all actively feeding stages of S . mansoni , which conventional faecal microscopy methods do not accurately reflect. Large scale efforts to control schistosomiasis in several sub-Saharan countries are in progress. In order to accurately monitor the effect of interventions, we need diagnostic tools which are highly specific, sensitive, affordable and easy to use and implement. For Schistosoma mansoni detection the circulating cathodic antigen (CCA) is an attractive option as this antigen is a measure of actively feeding worms and can be measured in urine samples. However, knowledge about how fast this antigen is cleared in response to treatment with praziquantel is necessary for interpretation of consecutive measures based on CCA in order to use this tool optimally. Here we show that CCA is already significantly reduced 24 hours after treatment both in single and double treatment regimens in a community sample from Musoli Village, Uganda. Furthermore, the data supports interpretation of trace measures of CCA as positive since the majority of individuals with trace measures respond to treatment. These observations provide a basis for extended use of CCA-based tools in monitoring treatment efficacy and possibilities for logistically advantageous prevalence screening strategies.
Schistosomiasis control and elimination has priority in public health agendas in several sub-Saharan countries. However, achieving these goals remains a substantial challenge. In order to assess progress of interventions and treatment efficacy it is pertinent to have accurate, feasible and affordable diagnostic tools. Detection of Schistosoma mansoni infection by circulating cathodic antigen (CCA) in urine is an attractive option as this measure describes live worm infection noninvasively. In order to interpret treatment efficacy and re-infection levels, knowledge about clearance of this antigen is necessary. The current study aims to investigate, whether antigen clearance as a proxy for decreasing worm numbers is reflected in decreasing CCA levels in urine shortly after praziquantel treatment. Here CCA levels are measured 24 hours post treatment in response to both a single and two treatments. The study was designed as a series of cross-sectional urine and stool sample collections from 446 individuals nested in a two-arm randomised single blinded longitudinal clinical trial cohort matched by gender and age (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00215267) receiving one or two praziquantel treatments. CCA levels in urine were determined by carbon-conjugated monoclonal antibody lateral flow strip assay and eggs per gram faeces for S. mansoni and soil-transmitted helminths by Kato-Katz. Significant correlations between CCA levels and S. mansoni egg count at every measured time point were found and confirmed the added beneficial effect of a second treatment at two weeks after baseline. Furthermore, presence of hookworm was found not to be a confounder for CCA test specificity. Twenty-four hours post treatment measures of mean CCA scores showed significant reductions. In conclusion, removal of CCA in response to treatment is detectable as a decline in CCA in urine already after 24 hours. This has relevance for use and interpretation of laboratory based and point-of-care CCA tests in terms of treatment efficacy and re-infection proportions as this measure provides information on the presence of all actively feeding stages of S. mansoni, which conventional faecal microscopy methods do not accurately reflect.ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00215267.
Audience Academic
Author Vennervald, Birgitte J
Tukahebwa, Edridah M
Kabatereine, Narcis B
de Dood, Claudia J
Magnussen, Pascal
Kildemoes, Anna O
Deelder, André M
Wilson, Shona
van Dam, Govert J
AuthorAffiliation 5 Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
4 Centre for Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
7 Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
1 Section for Parasitology and Aquatic Pathobiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, SWITZERLAND
2 Vector Control Division, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda
3 Schistosomiasis Control Initiative, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda
6 Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29131820$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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ContentType Journal Article
Copyright COPYRIGHT 2017 Public Library of Science
2017 Public Library of Science. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited: circulating cathodic antigen after treatment shown by urine strip tests in a Ugandan fishing community - Relevance for monitoring treatment efficacy and re-infection. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 11(11): e0006054. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0006054
2017 Kildemoes et al 2017 Kildemoes et al
2017 Public Library of Science. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited: circulating cathodic antigen after treatment shown by urine strip tests in a Ugandan fishing community - Relevance for monitoring treatment efficacy and re-infection. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 11(11): e0006054. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0006054
Copyright_xml – notice: COPYRIGHT 2017 Public Library of Science
– notice: 2017 Public Library of Science. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited: circulating cathodic antigen after treatment shown by urine strip tests in a Ugandan fishing community - Relevance for monitoring treatment efficacy and re-infection. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 11(11): e0006054. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0006054
– notice: 2017 Kildemoes et al 2017 Kildemoes et al
– notice: 2017 Public Library of Science. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited: circulating cathodic antigen after treatment shown by urine strip tests in a Ugandan fishing community - Relevance for monitoring treatment efficacy and re-infection. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 11(11): e0006054. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0006054
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SSID ssj0059581
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Snippet ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00215267.
Schistosomiasis control and elimination has priority in public health agendas in several sub-Saharan countries. However, achieving these goals remains a...
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crossref
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StartPage e0006054
SubjectTerms Adolescent
Adult
Aged
Animals
Anthelmintics - therapeutic use
Antigens
Antigens, Helminth - urine
Biology and Life Sciences
Care and treatment
Child
Cohort Studies
Cohorts
Collections
Countries
Cross-Sectional Studies
Detection
Diagnosis
Diagnostic software
Diagnostic systems
Earth Sciences
Ecology and Environmental Sciences
Effectiveness
Eggs
Feces - parasitology
Female
Fishing
Fishing communities
Funding
Gender
Health aspects
Human blood fluke
Humans
Infections
Infectious diseases
Levels
Longitudinal Studies
Male
Medicine and Health Sciences
Microscopy
Middle Aged
Monoclonal antibodies
Objectives
Parasitology
Physiological aspects
Praziquantel
Praziquantel - therapeutic use
Public health
Reagent Strips
Removal
Schistosoma mansoni
Schistosoma mansoni - immunology
Schistosomiasis
Schistosomiasis mansoni - drug therapy
Schistosomiasis mansoni - epidemiology
Schistosomiasis mansoni - urine
Sensitivity and Specificity
Single-Blind Method
Soil
Specificity
Supervision
Systematic review
Tropical diseases
Uganda - epidemiology
Urine
Young Adult
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Title Rapid clearance of Schistosoma mansoni circulating cathodic antigen after treatment shown by urine strip tests in a Ugandan fishing community - Relevance for monitoring treatment efficacy and re-infection
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29131820
https://www.proquest.com/docview/1989018188
https://search.proquest.com/docview/1964268805
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC5703575
https://doaj.org/article/710dfb0b921c4845bc468d911d5b6c90
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0006054
Volume 11
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