A neutralizing antibody target in early HIV-1 infection was recapitulated in rhesus macaques immunized with the transmitted/founder envelope sequence

Transmitted/founder (T/F) HIV-1 envelope proteins (Envs) from infected individuals that developed neutralization breadth are likely to possess inherent features desirable for vaccine immunogen design. To explore this premise, we conducted an immunization study in rhesus macaques (RM) using T/F Env s...

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Published inPLoS pathogens Vol. 18; no. 5; p. e1010488
Main Authors Welbourn, Sarah, Chakraborty, Srirupa, Yang, Jie E, Gleinich, Anne S, Gangadhara, Sailaja, Khan, Salar, Ferrebee, Courtney, Yagnik, Bhrugu, Burton, Samantha, Charles, Tysheena, Smith, S Abigail, Williams, Danielle, Mopuri, Rohini, Upadhyay, Amit A, Thompson, Justin, Price, Matt A, Wang, Shiyu, Qin, Zhaohui, Shen, Xiaoying, Williams, LaTonya D, Eisel, Nathan, Peters, Tiffany, Zhang, Lu, Kilembe, William, Karita, Etienne, Tomaras, Georgia D, Bosinger, Steven E, Amara, Rama R, Azadi, Parastoo, Wright, Elizabeth R, Gnanakaran, Sandrasegaram, Derdeyn, Cynthia A
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States Public Library of Science 03.05.2022
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Abstract Transmitted/founder (T/F) HIV-1 envelope proteins (Envs) from infected individuals that developed neutralization breadth are likely to possess inherent features desirable for vaccine immunogen design. To explore this premise, we conducted an immunization study in rhesus macaques (RM) using T/F Env sequences from two human subjects, one of whom developed potent and broad neutralizing antibodies (Z1800M) while the other developed little to no neutralizing antibody responses (R66M) during HIV-1 infection. Using a DNA/MVA/protein immunization protocol, 10 RM were immunized with each T/F Env. Within each T/F Env group, the protein boosts were administered as either monomeric gp120 or stabilized trimeric gp140 protein. All vaccination regimens elicited high titers of antigen-specific IgG, and two animals that received monomeric Z1800M Env gp120 developed autologous neutralizing activity. Using early Env escape variants isolated from subject Z1800M as guides, the serum neutralizing activity of the two immunized RM was found to be dependent on the gp120 V5 region. Interestingly, the exact same residues of V5 were also targeted by a neutralizing monoclonal antibody (nmAb) isolated from the subject Z1800M early in infection. Glycan profiling and computational modeling of the Z1800M Env gp120 immunogen provided further evidence that the V5 loop is exposed in this T/F Env and was a dominant feature that drove neutralizing antibody targeting during infection and immunization. An expanded B cell clonotype was isolated from one of the neutralization-positive RM and nmAbs corresponding to this group demonstrated V5-dependent neutralization similar to both the RM serum and the human Z1800M nmAb. The results demonstrate that neutralizing antibody responses elicited by the Z1800M T/F Env in RM converged with those in the HIV-1 infected human subject, illustrating the potential of using immunogens based on this or other T/F Envs with well-defined immunogenicity as a starting point to drive breadth.
AbstractList Transmitted/founder (T/F) HIV-1 envelope proteins (Envs) from infected individuals that developed neutralization breadth are likely to possess inherent features desirable for vaccine immunogen design. To explore this premise, we conducted an immunization study in rhesus macaques (RM) using T/F Env sequences from two human subjects, one of whom developed potent and broad neutralizing antibodies (Z1800M) while the other developed little to no neutralizing antibody responses (R66M) during HIV-1 infection. Using a DNA/MVA/protein immunization protocol, 10 RM were immunized with each T/F Env. Within each T/F Env group, the protein boosts were administered as either monomeric gp120 or stabilized trimeric gp140 protein. All vaccination regimens elicited high titers of antigen-specific IgG, and two animals that received monomeric Z1800M Env gp120 developed autologous neutralizing activity. Using early Env escape variants isolated from subject Z1800M as guides, the serum neutralizing activity of the two immunized RM was found to be dependent on the gp120 V5 region. Interestingly, the exact same residues of V5 were also targeted by a neutralizing monoclonal antibody (nmAb) isolated from the subject Z1800M early in infection. Glycan profiling and computational modeling of the Z1800M Env gp120 immunogen provided further evidence that the V5 loop is exposed in this T/F Env and was a dominant feature that drove neutralizing antibody targeting during infection and immunization. An expanded B cell clonotype was isolated from one of the neutralization-positive RM and nmAbs corresponding to this group demonstrated V5-dependent neutralization similar to both the RM serum and the human Z1800M nmAb. The results demonstrate that neutralizing antibody responses elicited by the Z1800M T/F Env in RM converged with those in the HIV-1 infected human subject, illustrating the potential of using immunogens based on this or other T/F Envs with well-defined immunogenicity as a starting point to drive breadth.
Transmitted/founder (T/F) HIV-1 envelope proteins (Envs) from infected individuals that developed neutralization breadth are likely to possess inherent features desirable for vaccine immunogen design. To explore this premise, we conducted an immunization study in rhesus macaques (RM) using T/F Env sequences from two human subjects, one of whom developed potent and broad neutralizing antibodies (Z1800M) while the other developed little to no neutralizing antibody responses (R66M) during HIV-1 infection. Using a DNA/MVA/protein immunization protocol, 10 RM were immunized with each T/F Env. Within each T/F Env group, the protein boosts were administered as either monomeric gp120 or stabilized trimeric gp140 protein. All vaccination regimens elicited high titers of antigen-specific IgG, and two animals that received monomeric Z1800M Env gp120 developed autologous neutralizing activity. Using early Env escape variants isolated from subject Z1800M as guides, the serum neutralizing activity of the two immunized RM was found to be dependent on the gp120 V5 region. Interestingly, the exact same residues of V5 were also targeted by a neutralizing monoclonal antibody (nmAb) isolated from the subject Z1800M early in infection. Glycan profiling and computational modeling of the Z1800M Env gp120 immunogen provided further evidence that the V5 loop is exposed in this T/F Env and was a dominant feature that drove neutralizing antibody targeting during infection and immunization. An expanded B cell clonotype was isolated from one of the neutralization-positive RM and nmAbs corresponding to this group demonstrated V5-dependent neutralization similar to both the RM serum and the human Z1800M nmAb. The results demonstrate that neutralizing antibody responses elicited by the Z1800M T/F Env in RM converged with those in the HIV-1 infected human subject, illustrating the potential of using immunogens based on this or other T/F Envs with well-defined immunogenicity as a starting point to drive breadth. A subset of HIV-1 infected individuals generates antibodies that neutralize many different viral strains. However, this process requires years of infection and has proved difficult to achieve through vaccination. The envelope proteins of the infecting HIV-1 virus likely contain features that drive neutralization breadth within an individual. To explore this, we immunized rhesus macaques using envelope proteins from two HIV-1 infected human subjects that developed either high or low neutralizing antibody levels during infection. Several animals developed neutralizing antibodies when immunized with the envelope protein derived from the high neutralizing individual. Using viral escape variants that emerged in this infected individual over time, we mapped the targets of vaccine-elicited neutralizing antibodies to a distinct loop region of the envelope protein, which was also targeted by neutralizing monoclonal antibodies isolated from both the infected individual and the immunized rhesus macaques. Modeling of the envelope protein used in the vaccine demonstrated why this loop is vulnerable to antibody attack in infection and vaccination. By recapitulating the early HIV-1 human neutralizing antibody responses in a nonhuman primate immunization model, we demonstrate remarkable similarities as well as the potential of using this approach as a starting point to drive neutralizing antibody breadth, one of the ultimate goals of vaccine design.
Audience Academic
Author Shen, Xiaoying
Wang, Shiyu
Welbourn, Sarah
Gangadhara, Sailaja
Wright, Elizabeth R
Burton, Samantha
Karita, Etienne
Zhang, Lu
Peters, Tiffany
Bosinger, Steven E
Charles, Tysheena
Eisel, Nathan
Gnanakaran, Sandrasegaram
Price, Matt A
Yang, Jie E
Upadhyay, Amit A
Williams, Danielle
Khan, Salar
Thompson, Justin
Kilembe, William
Amara, Rama R
Williams, LaTonya D
Chakraborty, Srirupa
Smith, S Abigail
Gleinich, Anne S
Mopuri, Rohini
Ferrebee, Courtney
Tomaras, Georgia D
Qin, Zhaohui
Derdeyn, Cynthia A
Yagnik, Bhrugu
Azadi, Parastoo
AuthorAffiliation 1 Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
Vaccine Research Center, UNITED STATES
10 Projet San Francisco, Kigali, Rwanda
3 Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
2 Theoretical Biology and Biophysics Group, Center for Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America
11 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
9 Center for Family Health Research in Zambia (CFHRZ), Lusaka, Zambia
6 International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, New York city, New York, United States of America
7 Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
8 Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
12 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory Uni
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CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_ppat_1011452
crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_ppat_1011717
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National Science Foundation (NSF)
LA-UR-22-22584
USDOE Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program
USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)
Current address: American Type Culture Collection, Manassas, Virginia, United States of America
Current address: Department of Medicine, Emory University, Decatur, Georgia, United States of America
Current address: Taconic Biosciences, Rensselaer, New York, United States of America
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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Snippet Transmitted/founder (T/F) HIV-1 envelope proteins (Envs) from infected individuals that developed neutralization breadth are likely to possess inherent...
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StartPage e1010488
SubjectTerms AIDS Vaccines
Amino acids
Animals
Antibodies
Antibodies, Neutralizing
Antigens
BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
Binding sites
Biology and life sciences
Care and treatment
Chemical bonds
Computer applications
Deoxyribonucleic acid
Development and progression
DNA
env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Genetic aspects
Glycan
Glycoprotein gp120
Health aspects
HIV
HIV Antibodies
HIV Envelope Protein gp120
HIV infection
HIV Infections - prevention & control
HIV-1
Human immunodeficiency virus
Humans
Immune response
Immunization
Immunogenicity
Immunoglobulin G
Infections
Macaca mulatta
Medicine and health sciences
Monoclonal antibodies
Neutralization
Neutralizing
Plasma
Process controls
Proteins
Research and Analysis Methods
Vaccination
Vaccines
Viral proteins
Virus research
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Title A neutralizing antibody target in early HIV-1 infection was recapitulated in rhesus macaques immunized with the transmitted/founder envelope sequence
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35503780
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2677649364
https://search.proquest.com/docview/2659230625
https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/2342060
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC9106183
https://doaj.org/article/57b66c8bac8a49fbb543e6148e785893
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1010488
Volume 18
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