The World Federation of ADHD International Consensus Statement: 208 Evidence-based conclusions about the disorder
•ADHD occurs in 5.9 % of youth and 2.5 % of adults.•Most cases of ADHD are caused by the combined effects of many genetic and environmental risks.•There are small differences in the brain between people with and without ADHD.•Untreated ADHD can lead to many adverse outcomes.•ADHD costs society hundr...
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| Published in | Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews Vol. 128; pp. 789 - 818 |
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| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
United States
Elsevier Ltd
01.09.2021
Elsevier |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | •ADHD occurs in 5.9 % of youth and 2.5 % of adults.•Most cases of ADHD are caused by the combined effects of many genetic and environmental risks.•There are small differences in the brain between people with and without ADHD.•Untreated ADHD can lead to many adverse outcomes.•ADHD costs society hundreds of billions of dollars each year, worldwide.
Misconceptions about ADHD stigmatize affected people, reduce credibility of providers, and prevent/delay treatment. To challenge misconceptions, we curated findings with strong evidence base.
We reviewed studies with more than 2000 participants or meta-analyses from five or more studies or 2000 or more participants. We excluded meta-analyses that did not assess publication bias, except for meta-analyses of prevalence. For network meta-analyses we required comparison adjusted funnel plots. We excluded treatment studies with waiting-list or treatment as usual controls. From this literature, we extracted evidence-based assertions about the disorder.
We generated 208 empirically supported statements about ADHD. The status of the included statements as empirically supported is approved by 80 authors from 27 countries and 6 continents. The contents of the manuscript are endorsed by 366 people who have read this document and agree with its contents.
Many findings in ADHD are supported by meta-analysis. These allow for firm statements about the nature, course, outcome causes, and treatments for disorders that are useful for reducing misconceptions and stigma. |
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| AbstractList | •ADHD occurs in 5.9 % of youth and 2.5 % of adults.•Most cases of ADHD are caused by the combined effects of many genetic and environmental risks.•There are small differences in the brain between people with and without ADHD.•Untreated ADHD can lead to many adverse outcomes.•ADHD costs society hundreds of billions of dollars each year, worldwide.
Misconceptions about ADHD stigmatize affected people, reduce credibility of providers, and prevent/delay treatment. To challenge misconceptions, we curated findings with strong evidence base.
We reviewed studies with more than 2000 participants or meta-analyses from five or more studies or 2000 or more participants. We excluded meta-analyses that did not assess publication bias, except for meta-analyses of prevalence. For network meta-analyses we required comparison adjusted funnel plots. We excluded treatment studies with waiting-list or treatment as usual controls. From this literature, we extracted evidence-based assertions about the disorder.
We generated 208 empirically supported statements about ADHD. The status of the included statements as empirically supported is approved by 80 authors from 27 countries and 6 continents. The contents of the manuscript are endorsed by 366 people who have read this document and agree with its contents.
Many findings in ADHD are supported by meta-analysis. These allow for firm statements about the nature, course, outcome causes, and treatments for disorders that are useful for reducing misconceptions and stigma. Background: Misconceptions about ADHD stigmatize affected people, reduce credibility of providers, and prevent/delay treatment. To challenge misconceptions, we curated findings with strong evidence base.Methods: We reviewed studies with more than 2000 participants or meta-analyses from five or more studies or 2000 or more participants. We excluded meta-analyses that did not assess publication bias, except for meta-analyses of prevalence. For network meta-analyses we required comparison adjusted funnel plots. We excluded treatment studies with waiting-list or treatment as usual controls. From this literature, we extracted evidence-based assertions about the disorder.Results: We generated 208 empirically supported statements about ADHD. The status of the included statements as empirically supported is approved by 80 authors from 27 countries and 6 continents. The contents of the manuscript are endorsed by 366 people who have read this document and agree with its contents.Conclusions: Many findings in ADHD are supported by meta-analysis. These allow for firm statements about the nature, course, outcome causes, and treatments for disorders that are useful for reducing misconceptions and stigma. BACKGROUND: Misconceptions about ADHD stigmatize affected people, reduce credibility of providers, and prevent/delay treatment. To challenge misconceptions, we curated findings with strong evidence base. METHODS: We reviewed studies with more than 2,000 participants or meta-analyses from five or more studies or 2,000 or more participants. We excluded meta-analyses that did not assess publication bias, except for meta-analyses of prevalence. For network meta-analyses we required comparison adjusted funnel plots. We excluded treatment studies with waiting-list or treatment as usual controls. From this literature, we extracted evidence-based assertions about the disorder. RESULTS: We generated 208 empirically supported statements about ADHD. The status of the included statements as empirically supported is approved by 79 authors from 27 countries and 6 continents. The contents of the manuscript are endorsed by 362 people who have read this document and agree with its contents. CONCLUSIONS: Many findings in ADHD are supported by meta-analysis. These allow for firm statements about the nature, course, outcome causes, and treatments for disorders that are useful for reducing misconceptions and stigma. Misconceptions about ADHD stigmatize affected people, reduce credibility of providers, and prevent/delay treatment. To challenge misconceptions, we curated findings with strong evidence base. We reviewed studies with more than 2000 participants or meta-analyses from five or more studies or 2000 or more participants. We excluded meta-analyses that did not assess publication bias, except for meta-analyses of prevalence. For network meta-analyses we required comparison adjusted funnel plots. We excluded treatment studies with waiting-list or treatment as usual controls. From this literature, we extracted evidence-based assertions about the disorder. We generated 208 empirically supported statements about ADHD. The status of the included statements as empirically supported is approved by 80 authors from 27 countries and 6 continents. The contents of the manuscript are endorsed by 366 people who have read this document and agree with its contents. Many findings in ADHD are supported by meta-analysis. These allow for firm statements about the nature, course, outcome causes, and treatments for disorders that are useful for reducing misconceptions and stigma. Misconceptions about ADHD stigmatize affected people, reduce credibility of providers, and prevent/delay treatment. To challenge misconceptions, we curated findings with strong evidence base.BACKGROUNDMisconceptions about ADHD stigmatize affected people, reduce credibility of providers, and prevent/delay treatment. To challenge misconceptions, we curated findings with strong evidence base.We reviewed studies with more than 2000 participants or meta-analyses from five or more studies or 2000 or more participants. We excluded meta-analyses that did not assess publication bias, except for meta-analyses of prevalence. For network meta-analyses we required comparison adjusted funnel plots. We excluded treatment studies with waiting-list or treatment as usual controls. From this literature, we extracted evidence-based assertions about the disorder.METHODSWe reviewed studies with more than 2000 participants or meta-analyses from five or more studies or 2000 or more participants. We excluded meta-analyses that did not assess publication bias, except for meta-analyses of prevalence. For network meta-analyses we required comparison adjusted funnel plots. We excluded treatment studies with waiting-list or treatment as usual controls. From this literature, we extracted evidence-based assertions about the disorder.We generated 208 empirically supported statements about ADHD. The status of the included statements as empirically supported is approved by 80 authors from 27 countries and 6 continents. The contents of the manuscript are endorsed by 366 people who have read this document and agree with its contents.RESULTSWe generated 208 empirically supported statements about ADHD. The status of the included statements as empirically supported is approved by 80 authors from 27 countries and 6 continents. The contents of the manuscript are endorsed by 366 people who have read this document and agree with its contents.Many findings in ADHD are supported by meta-analysis. These allow for firm statements about the nature, course, outcome causes, and treatments for disorders that are useful for reducing misconceptions and stigma.CONCLUSIONSMany findings in ADHD are supported by meta-analysis. These allow for firm statements about the nature, course, outcome causes, and treatments for disorders that are useful for reducing misconceptions and stigma. |
| Author | Cortese, Samuele Walitza, Susanne Yang, Li Haavik, Jan Hollis, Chris Solanto, Mary V. Hartung, Cynthia M. Banaschewski, Tobias Coghill, David Romanos, Marcel Wang, Yufeng Mikami, Amori Yee Tripp, Gail Li, Tingyu Schoeman, Renata van den Brink, Wim Döpfner, Manfred Thapar, Anita Merzon, Eugene Asherson, Philip Liu, Jing Mattingly, Gregory Al Saud, Nouf M. Poulton, Alison S. Pollak, Yehuda Zheng, Yi Sonuga-Barke, Edmund Polanczyk, Guilherme V. Manor, Iris Van der Oord, Saskia van de Glind, Geurt Gerlach, Manfred Vitiello, Benedetto Rajkumar, Ravi Philip Espinet (on behalf of CADDRA), Stacey Scheres, Anouk Shah, Henal Bellgrove, Mark A. Crunelle, Cleo L. Aljoudi, Haya F. Rucklidge, Julia McCarthy, Suzanne Daley, David Schweitzer, Julie B. Bölte, Sven Mattos, Paulo Swanson, James M. Reif, Andreas Rubia, Katya Venter, Andre Franke, Barbara Hoekstra, Pieter J. Larsson, Henrik Rohde, Luis Augusto Fitzgerald, Michael Faraone, Stephen V. Sandra Kooij, J.J. Steinhausen, Hans-Christoph Biederman, Joseph Nigg, Joel T. Almagor, Doron Kollins, Scott H. Albatti |
| AuthorAffiliation | 118 Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry, India 35 Canadian ADHD Research Alliance (CADDRA), Canada 156 Department of Pediatrics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA 159 Hogeschool van Utrecht/ University of Applied Sciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands 110 INSERM U 1018 CESP-Developmental Psychiatry, France 32 Hassenfeld Children’s Hospital at NYU Langone, New York University Child Study Center, NewYork City, NY, USA 83 Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC, USA 129 Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain 120 Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany 104 Brazilian Attention Deficit Association (ABDA), Brazil 53 International Collaboration on ADHD and Substance Abuse (ICASA), Nijmegen, The Netherlands 65 Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway 14 |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 88 Neurodevelopmental Disorders Across Lifespan Section of European Psychiatric Association, France – name: 83 Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC, USA – name: 156 Department of Pediatrics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA – name: 19 Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Montreal Children’s Hospital, MUHC, Montreal, Canada – name: 67 University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands – name: 75 Association for Psychological Science, USA – name: 111 Centre for Child & Adolescent Mental Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria – name: 112 Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria – name: 125 Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Center of Mental Health, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany – name: 145 The Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra-Northwell, Northwell Health, Hemstead, NY, USA – name: 51 Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands – name: 40 Consultant Clinical Neuropsychologist, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia – name: 21 Chair, Canadian ADHD Research Alliance (CADDRA), Canada – name: 165 Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA – name: 120 Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany – name: 127 Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain – name: 22 Chairman, Board of Directors, Saudi ADHD Society, Saudi Arabia – name: 81 NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham, UK – name: 37 University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA – name: 14 Clinical & Research Programs in Pediatric Psychopharmacology & Adult ADHD, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA – name: 53 International Collaboration on ADHD and Substance Abuse (ICASA), Nijmegen, The Netherlands – name: 146 Professional Advisory Board, Children and Adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (CHADD), USA – name: 2 World Federation of ADHD, Switzerland – name: 15 Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA – name: 131 Chair of Neurodevelopmental Disorders Across Lifespan Section of European Psychiatric Association, France – name: 107 Departments of Psychiatry, Psychology, Pediatrics, Clinical & Translational Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA – name: 151 Louis A. Faillace MD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA – name: 135 International Collaboration on ADHD and Substance Abuse (ICASA), Nijmegen, The Netherlands – name: 31 Solent NHS Trust, Southampton, UK – name: 136 Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands – name: 12 Asian Federation of ADHD, China – name: 60 Canadian ADHD Resource Alliance (CADDRA), Canada – name: 4 Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany – name: 18 Departments of Psychiatry and Pediatrics, Division of ADHD and Learning Disorders, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA – name: 17 President, Australian ADHD Professionals Association (AADPA), Australia – name: 153 University of Basel, CH, Switzerland – name: 141 American Psychiatric Association, USA – name: 143 Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and the MIND Institute, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA – name: 159 Hogeschool van Utrecht/ University of Applied Sciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands – name: 103 D’Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil – name: 166 Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland – name: 54 Division of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology, School of Medicine University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK – name: 9 The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing, China – name: 93 National Research Center for Clinical Medicine of Child Health and Disease, Chongqing, China – name: 82 Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA – name: 90 School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden – name: 55 NIHR MindTech Mental Health MedTech Cooperative & Centre for ADHD and Neurodevelopmental Disorders Across the Lifespan (CANDAL), Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK – name: 148 Professional Advisory Board, National Center for Children with Learning Disabilities (NCLD), USA – name: 73 University of California, San Fancisco, CA, USA – name: 95 The Chinese Society of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, China – name: 11 Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China – name: 122 Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neurosciences, King’s College London, London, UK – name: 132 Board Member, International Collaboration on ADHD and Substance Abuse (ICASA), The Netherlands – name: 164 University of Torino, Torino, Italy – name: 140 World Federation of Biological Psychiatry, Germany – name: 110 INSERM U 1018 CESP-Developmental Psychiatry, France – name: 108 Center for ADHD Research, Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA – name: 163 University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa – name: 5 Child and Adolescent Psychiatrist’s Representative, Zentrales-ADHS-Netz, Germany – name: 23 Associate professor and head of the ADHD clinic, Geha MHC, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel – name: 34 University of Toronto, Department of Psychiatry and SickKids Centre for Community Mental Health, Toronto, Canada – name: 157 Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Wales, UK – name: 147 Professional Advisory Board, American Professional Society of ADHD and Related Disorders (APSARD), USA – name: 26 Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil – name: 1 Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience and Physiology, Psychiatry Research Division, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA – name: 70 ADHD across the Lifespan Network from European College of Neuropsychopharmacology(ECNP), The Netherlands – name: 144 Topiwala National Medical College & BYL Nair Ch. Hospital, Mumbai, India – name: 106 University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada – name: 149 Department of Child and Adolescent Psychaitry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK – name: 76 Society for Research in Child Development, USA – name: 84 Associate Professor of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Center (VUMc), Amsterdam, The Netherlands – name: 59 Psychologist’s Representative, Zentrales-ADHS-Netz, Germany – name: 105 School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland – name: 16 Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton VIC, Australia – name: 161 Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium – name: 96 The Asian Society for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Allied Professions, China – name: 6 The German Association of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Germany – name: 25 Co-chair, Neurodevelopmental section in the European Psychiatric Association (EPA), France – name: 126 Zentrales-ADHS-Netz, Germany – name: 58 Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, School of Child and Adolescent Cognitive Behavior Therapy (AKiP), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University Cologne, Cologne, Germany – name: 61 Former Professor or Child Psychiatry, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland – name: 86 European Network Adult ADHD, The Netherlands – name: 29 Center for Innovation in Mental Health, School of Psychology, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK – name: 152 University of Zurich, CH, Switzerland – name: 78 University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK – name: 102 Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil – name: 130 Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain – name: 56 National Centre for Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark – name: 100 Chair of ADHD Section, Israeli National Diabetes Council, Israel – name: 160 Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands – name: 117 Australian ADHD Professionals Association (AADPA), Australia – name: 42 Clinical Psychology, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia – name: 50 Curtin Autism Research Group, School of Occupational Therapy, Social Work and Speech Pathology, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia – name: 116 Brain Mind Centre Nepean, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia – name: 36 The Possibilities Clinic, Toronto, On, Canada – name: 80 NIHR MindTech MedTech Co-operative, Nottingham, UK – name: 91 Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden – name: 3 American Professional Society of ADHD and Related Disorders (APSARD), USA – name: 20 Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Division, McGill University, Montreal, Canada – name: 66 Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Stephen V. orcidid: 0000-0002-9217-3982 surname: Faraone fullname: Faraone, Stephen V. email: sfaraone@childpsychresearch.org organization: Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience and Physiology, Psychiatry Research Division, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA – sequence: 2 givenname: Tobias orcidid: 0000-0003-4595-1144 surname: Banaschewski fullname: Banaschewski, Tobias organization: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany – sequence: 3 givenname: David surname: Coghill fullname: Coghill, David organization: Departments of Paediatrics and Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia – sequence: 4 givenname: Yi surname: Zheng fullname: Zheng, Yi organization: Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China – sequence: 5 givenname: Joseph surname: Biederman fullname: Biederman, Joseph organization: Clinical & Research Programs in Pediatric Psychopharmacology & Adult ADHD, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA – sequence: 6 givenname: Mark A. surname: Bellgrove fullname: Bellgrove, Mark A. organization: Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia – sequence: 7 givenname: Jeffrey H. surname: Newcorn fullname: Newcorn, Jeffrey H. organization: American Professional Society of ADHD and Related Disorders (APSARD), USA – sequence: 8 givenname: Martin surname: Gignac fullname: Gignac, Martin organization: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Montreal Children’s Hospital, MUHC, Montreal, Canada – sequence: 9 givenname: Nouf M. surname: Al Saud fullname: Al Saud, Nouf M. organization: Saudi ADHD Society, Saudi Arabia – sequence: 10 givenname: Iris surname: Manor fullname: Manor, Iris organization: Chair, Israeli Society of ADHD (ISA), Israel – sequence: 11 givenname: Luis Augusto surname: Rohde fullname: Rohde, Luis Augusto organization: Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil – sequence: 12 givenname: Li surname: Yang fullname: Yang, Li organization: Asian Federation of ADHD, China – sequence: 13 givenname: Samuele surname: Cortese fullname: Cortese, Samuele organization: Center for Innovation in Mental Health, School of Psychology, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton,UK – sequence: 14 givenname: Doron orcidid: 0000-0003-2347-237X surname: Almagor fullname: Almagor, Doron organization: University of Toronto, SickKids Centre for Community Mental Health, Toronto, Canada – sequence: 15 givenname: Mark A. surname: Stein fullname: Stein, Mark A. organization: University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA – sequence: 16 givenname: Turki H. surname: Albatti fullname: Albatti, Turki H. organization: Saudi ADHD Society Medical and Psychological Committee, Saudi Arabia – sequence: 17 givenname: Haya F. surname: Aljoudi fullname: Aljoudi, Haya F. organization: King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia – sequence: 18 givenname: Mohammed M.J. surname: Alqahtani fullname: Alqahtani, Mohammed M.J. organization: Clinical Psychology, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia – sequence: 19 givenname: Philip surname: Asherson fullname: Asherson, Philip organization: Social Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK – sequence: 20 givenname: Lukoye orcidid: 0000-0001-7710-9723 surname: Atwoli fullname: Atwoli, Lukoye organization: Department of Mental Health and Behavioural Science, Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya – sequence: 21 givenname: Sven surname: Bölte fullname: Bölte, Sven organization: Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Centre for Psychiatry Research; Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Sweden – sequence: 22 givenname: Jan K. surname: Buitelaar fullname: Buitelaar, Jan K. organization: Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands – sequence: 23 givenname: Cleo L. orcidid: 0000-0002-8798-0448 surname: Crunelle fullname: Crunelle, Cleo L. organization: Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Dept. of Psychiatry, Brussel, Belgium – sequence: 24 givenname: David surname: Daley fullname: Daley, David organization: Division of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology, School of Medicine University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK – sequence: 25 givenname: Søren orcidid: 0000-0003-4659-0969 surname: Dalsgaard fullname: Dalsgaard, Søren organization: National Centre for Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark – sequence: 26 givenname: Manfred surname: Döpfner fullname: Döpfner, Manfred organization: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, School of Child and Adolescent Cognitive Behavior Therapy (AKiP), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University Cologne, Cologne, Germany – sequence: 27 givenname: Stacey orcidid: 0000-0002-3427-1736 surname: Espinet (on behalf of CADDRA) fullname: Espinet (on behalf of CADDRA), Stacey organization: Canadian ADHD Resource Alliance (CADDRA), Canada – sequence: 28 givenname: Michael surname: Fitzgerald fullname: Fitzgerald, Michael organization: Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland – sequence: 29 givenname: Barbara surname: Franke fullname: Franke, Barbara organization: Departments of Human Genetics and Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands – sequence: 30 givenname: Manfred surname: Gerlach fullname: Gerlach, Manfred email: manfred.gerlach@uni-wuerzburg.de organization: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany – sequence: 31 givenname: Jan orcidid: 0000-0001-7865-2808 surname: Haavik fullname: Haavik, Jan organization: Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway – sequence: 32 givenname: Catharina A. surname: Hartman fullname: Hartman, Catharina A. organization: University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands – sequence: 33 givenname: Cynthia M. orcidid: 0000-0003-2210-8373 surname: Hartung fullname: Hartung, Cynthia M. organization: Department of Psychology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA – sequence: 34 givenname: Stephen P. orcidid: 0000-0001-6497-1082 surname: Hinshaw fullname: Hinshaw, Stephen P. organization: University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA – sequence: 35 givenname: Pieter J. surname: Hoekstra fullname: Hoekstra, Pieter J. organization: University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Groningen, the Netherlands – sequence: 36 givenname: Chris surname: Hollis fullname: Hollis, Chris organization: Hassenfeld Children's Hospital at NYU Langone, New York University Child Study Center, New York City, New York, USA; Division of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK – sequence: 37 givenname: Scott H. surname: Kollins fullname: Kollins, Scott H. organization: Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA – sequence: 38 givenname: J.J. surname: Sandra Kooij fullname: Sandra Kooij, J.J. organization: Amsterdam University Medical Center (VUMc), Amsterdam, the Netherlands – sequence: 39 givenname: Jonna orcidid: 0000-0002-0113-8162 surname: Kuntsi fullname: Kuntsi, Jonna organization: Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK – sequence: 40 givenname: Henrik surname: Larsson fullname: Larsson, Henrik organization: School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden – sequence: 41 givenname: Tingyu surname: Li fullname: Li, Tingyu organization: Growth, Development and Mental Health Center for Children and Adolescents, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China – sequence: 42 givenname: Jing surname: Liu fullname: Liu, Jing organization: Asian Federation of ADHD, China – sequence: 43 givenname: Eugene orcidid: 0000-0001-5469-0236 surname: Merzon fullname: Merzon, Eugene organization: Department of Family Medicine, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel – sequence: 44 givenname: Gregory surname: Mattingly fullname: Mattingly, Gregory organization: Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA – sequence: 45 givenname: Paulo surname: Mattos fullname: Mattos, Paulo organization: Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil – sequence: 46 givenname: Suzanne surname: McCarthy fullname: McCarthy, Suzanne organization: School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland – sequence: 47 givenname: Amori Yee orcidid: 0000-0001-5821-0674 surname: Mikami fullname: Mikami, Amori Yee organization: University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada – sequence: 48 givenname: Brooke S.G. surname: Molina fullname: Molina, Brooke S.G. organization: Departments of Psychiatry, Psychology, Pediatrics, Clinical & Translational Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA – sequence: 49 givenname: Joel T. surname: Nigg fullname: Nigg, Joel T. organization: Center for ADHD Research, Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA – sequence: 50 givenname: Diane orcidid: 0000-0003-0454-1579 surname: Purper-Ouakil fullname: Purper-Ouakil, Diane organization: University of Montpellier, CHU Montpellier Saint Eloi, MPEA, Medical and Psychological Unit for Children and Adolescents (MPEA), Montpellier, France – sequence: 51 givenname: Olayinka O. orcidid: 0000-0003-3808-8530 surname: Omigbodun fullname: Omigbodun, Olayinka O. organization: Centre for Child & Adolescent Mental Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria – sequence: 52 givenname: Guilherme V. surname: Polanczyk fullname: Polanczyk, Guilherme V. organization: Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil – sequence: 53 givenname: Yehuda surname: Pollak fullname: Pollak, Yehuda organization: Seymour Fox School of Education, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel – sequence: 54 givenname: Alison S. orcidid: 0000-0002-5867-2403 surname: Poulton fullname: Poulton, Alison S. organization: Brain Mind Centre Nepean, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia – sequence: 55 givenname: Ravi Philip orcidid: 0000-0003-2699-7438 surname: Rajkumar fullname: Rajkumar, Ravi Philip organization: Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry, India – sequence: 56 givenname: Andrew orcidid: 0000-0001-6000-1425 surname: Reding fullname: Reding, Andrew organization: USA – sequence: 57 givenname: Andreas orcidid: 0000-0002-0992-634X surname: Reif fullname: Reif, Andreas organization: Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany – sequence: 58 givenname: Katya surname: Rubia fullname: Rubia, Katya organization: World Federation of ADHD, Switzerland – sequence: 59 givenname: Julia surname: Rucklidge fullname: Rucklidge, Julia organization: School of Psychology, Speech and Hearing, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand – sequence: 60 givenname: Marcel surname: Romanos fullname: Romanos, Marcel organization: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Center of Mental Health, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany – sequence: 61 givenname: J. Antoni orcidid: 0000-0003-1622-0350 surname: Ramos-Quiroga fullname: Ramos-Quiroga, J. Antoni organization: Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain – sequence: 62 givenname: Arnt orcidid: 0000-0002-7715-5209 surname: Schellekens fullname: Schellekens, Arnt organization: Radboud University Medical Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, Nijmegen, the Netherlands – sequence: 63 givenname: Anouk surname: Scheres fullname: Scheres, Anouk organization: Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands – sequence: 64 givenname: Renata surname: Schoeman fullname: Schoeman, Renata organization: University of Stellenbosch Business School, Cape Town, South Africa – sequence: 65 givenname: Julie B. orcidid: 0000-0003-0257-1651 surname: Schweitzer fullname: Schweitzer, Julie B. organization: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and the MIND Institute, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA – sequence: 66 givenname: Henal surname: Shah fullname: Shah, Henal organization: Topiwala National Medical College & BYL Nair Ch. Hospital, Mumbai, India – sequence: 67 givenname: Mary V. orcidid: 0000-0002-3153-9610 surname: Solanto fullname: Solanto, Mary V. organization: The Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra-Northwell, Northwell Health, Hemstead, NY, USA – sequence: 68 givenname: Edmund surname: Sonuga-Barke fullname: Sonuga-Barke, Edmund organization: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK – sequence: 69 givenname: César surname: Soutullo fullname: Soutullo, César organization: American Professional Society of ADHD and Related Disorders (APSARD), USA – sequence: 70 givenname: Hans-Christoph surname: Steinhausen fullname: Steinhausen, Hans-Christoph organization: University of Zurich, CH, Switzerland – sequence: 71 givenname: James M. surname: Swanson fullname: Swanson, James M. organization: Department of Pediatrics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA – sequence: 72 givenname: Anita surname: Thapar fullname: Thapar, Anita organization: Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Wales, UK – sequence: 73 givenname: Gail surname: Tripp fullname: Tripp, Gail organization: Human Developmental Neurobiology Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan – sequence: 74 givenname: Geurt surname: van de Glind fullname: van de Glind, Geurt organization: Hogeschool van Utrecht/University of Applied Sciences, Utrecht, the Netherlands – sequence: 75 givenname: Wim surname: van den Brink fullname: van den Brink, Wim organization: Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands – sequence: 76 givenname: Saskia orcidid: 0000-0003-2771-0187 surname: Van der Oord fullname: Van der Oord, Saskia organization: Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium – sequence: 77 givenname: Andre surname: Venter fullname: Venter, Andre organization: University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa – sequence: 78 givenname: Benedetto surname: Vitiello fullname: Vitiello, Benedetto organization: University of Torino, Torino, Italy – sequence: 79 givenname: Susanne surname: Walitza fullname: Walitza, Susanne organization: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland – sequence: 80 givenname: Yufeng surname: Wang fullname: Wang, Yufeng organization: Asian Federation of ADHD, China |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33549739$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed https://hal.science/hal-03662608$$DView record in HAL https://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-89420$$DView record from Swedish Publication Index http://kipublications.ki.se/Default.aspx?queryparsed=id:147277196$$DView record from Swedish Publication Index |
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| Snippet | •ADHD occurs in 5.9 % of youth and 2.5 % of adults.•Most cases of ADHD are caused by the combined effects of many genetic and environmental risks.•There are... Misconceptions about ADHD stigmatize affected people, reduce credibility of providers, and prevent/delay treatment. To challenge misconceptions, we curated... Background: Misconceptions about ADHD stigmatize affected people, reduce credibility of providers, and prevent/delay treatment. To challenge misconceptions, we... BACKGROUND: Misconceptions about ADHD stigmatize affected people, reduce credibility of providers, and prevent/delay treatment. To challenge misconceptions, we... |
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| SubjectTerms | ADHD Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity - therapy Brain Course Diagnosis Genetics Humans Life Sciences Meta-Analysis as Topic Network Meta-Analysis Outcome Publication Bias Treatment |
| Title | The World Federation of ADHD International Consensus Statement: 208 Evidence-based conclusions about the disorder |
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