Revised phylogeny of mouflon based on expanded sampling of mitogenomes

Mouflons are flagship species of the Mediterranean islands where they persist. Once thought to be the remnants of a European wild sheep population, archaeology suggests they were introduced by humans to the islands of Cyprus in the Early Neolithic (~10,000 years ago) and later to Corsica and Sardini...

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Published inPloS one Vol. 20; no. 5; p. e0323354
Main Authors Mereu, Paolo, Pirastru, Monica, Morell Miranda, Pedro, Atağ, Gözde, Başak Vural, Kıvılcım, Wilkens, Barbara, Rodrigues Soares, André Elias, Kaptan, Damla, Zedda, Marco, Columbano, Nicolò, Barbato, Mario, Naitana, Salvatore, Hadjisterkotis, Eleftherios, Somel, Mehmet, Özer, Füsun, Günther, Torsten, Leoni, Giovanni Giuseppe
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States Public Library of Science 14.05.2025
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
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ISSN1932-6203
1932-6203
DOI10.1371/journal.pone.0323354

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Abstract Mouflons are flagship species of the Mediterranean islands where they persist. Once thought to be the remnants of a European wild sheep population, archaeology suggests they were introduced by humans to the islands of Cyprus in the Early Neolithic (~10,000 years ago) and later to Corsica and Sardinia. Their status as truly wild animals remains a subject of debate. To investigate the phylogenetic relationship between these island populations and other domestic and wild sheep from the Mediterranean region, we sequenced 50 mitogenomes of mouflons from Sardinia and Corsica, and modern and ancient Sardinian domestic sheep. A total of 68 additional publicly available mitogenomes were included in the comparative analysis and used to reconstruct the phylogeny of sheep and its closest wild relative, the mouflon ( Ovis gmelini ). Our study analyzed the evolutionary relationships within the C-E-X and haplogroup B clusters, showing that: a) Cyprus mouflons are more related to Anatolian and Iranian mouflons belonging to the wild haplogroup X, which seems to be basal to the domestic C and E haplogroups; b) Corsican and Sardinian mouflon arise from basal lineages associated with the early European expansion of domestic sheep. These results highlight the phylogenetic distinctiveness of the mouflon populations from the Mediterranean islands, suggesting a revision of their systematic classification and an update of the nomenclature for Sardinian and Corsican mouflons from the current status of subspecies of domestic sheep ( Ovis aries musimon ) to subspecies of their wild relatives ( Ovis gmelini musimon ) which would facilitate conservation efforts.
AbstractList Mouflons are flagship species of the Mediterranean islands where they persist. Once thought to be the remnants of a European wild sheep population, archaeology suggests they were introduced by humans to the islands of Cyprus in the Early Neolithic (~10,000 years ago) and later to Corsica and Sardinia. Their status as truly wild animals remains a subject of debate. To investigate the phylogenetic relationship between these island populations and other domestic and wild sheep from the Mediterranean region, we sequenced 50 mitogenomes of mouflons from Sardinia and Corsica, and modern and ancient Sardinian domestic sheep. A total of 68 additional publicly available mitogenomes were included in the comparative analysis and used to reconstruct the phylogeny of sheep and its closest wild relative, the mouflon (Ovis gmelini). Our study analyzed the evolutionary relationships within the C-E-X and haplogroup B clusters, showing that: a) Cyprus mouflons are more related to Anatolian and Iranian mouflons belonging to the wild haplogroup X, which seems to be basal to the domestic C and E haplogroups; b) Corsican and Sardinian mouflon arise from basal lineages associated with the early European expansion of domestic sheep. These results highlight the phylogenetic distinctiveness of the mouflon populations from the Mediterranean islands, suggesting a revision of their systematic classification and an update of the nomenclature for Sardinian and Corsican mouflons from the current status of subspecies of domestic sheep (Ovis aries musimon) to subspecies of their wild relatives (Ovis gmelini musimon) which would facilitate conservation efforts.
Mouflons are flagship species of the Mediterranean islands where they persist. Once thought to be the remnants of a European wild sheep population, archaeology suggests they were introduced by humans to the islands of Cyprus in the Early Neolithic (similar to 10,000 years ago) and later to Corsica and Sardinia. Their status as truly wild animals remains a subject of debate. To investigate the phylogenetic relationship between these island populations and other domestic and wild sheep from the Mediterranean region, we sequenced 50 mitogenomes of mouflons from Sardinia and Corsica, and modern and ancient Sardinian domestic sheep. A total of 68 additional publicly available mitogenomes were included in the comparative analysis and used to reconstruct the phylogeny of sheep and its closest wild relative, the mouflon (Ovis gmelini). Our study analyzed the evolutionary relationships within the C-E-X and haplogroup B clusters, showing that: a) Cyprus mouflons are more related to Anatolian and Iranian mouflons belonging to the wild haplogroup X, which seems to be basal to the domestic C and E haplogroups; b) Corsican and Sardinian mouflon arise from basal lineages associated with the early European expansion of domestic sheep. These results highlight the phylogenetic distinctiveness of the mouflon populations from the Mediterranean islands, suggesting a revision of their systematic classification and an update of the nomenclature for Sardinian and Corsican mouflons from the current status of subspecies of domestic sheep (Ovis aries musimon) to subspecies of their wild relatives (Ovis gmelini musimon) which would facilitate conservation efforts.
Mouflons are flagship species of the Mediterranean islands where they persist. Once thought to be the remnants of a European wild sheep population, archaeology suggests they were introduced by humans to the islands of Cyprus in the Early Neolithic (~10,000 years ago) and later to Corsica and Sardinia. Their status as truly wild animals remains a subject of debate. To investigate the phylogenetic relationship between these island populations and other domestic and wild sheep from the Mediterranean region, we sequenced 50 mitogenomes of mouflons from Sardinia and Corsica, and modern and ancient Sardinian domestic sheep. A total of 68 additional publicly available mitogenomes were included in the comparative analysis and used to reconstruct the phylogeny of sheep and its closest wild relative, the mouflon (Ovis gmelini). Our study analyzed the evolutionary relationships within the C-E-X and haplogroup B clusters, showing that: a) Cyprus mouflons are more related to Anatolian and Iranian mouflons belonging to the wild haplogroup X, which seems to be basal to the domestic C and E haplogroups; b) Corsican and Sardinian mouflon arise from basal lineages associated with the early European expansion of domestic sheep. These results highlight the phylogenetic distinctiveness of the mouflon populations from the Mediterranean islands, suggesting a revision of their systematic classification and an update of the nomenclature for Sardinian and Corsican mouflons from the current status of subspecies of domestic sheep (Ovis aries musimon) to subspecies of their wild relatives (Ovis gmelini musimon) which would facilitate conservation efforts.Mouflons are flagship species of the Mediterranean islands where they persist. Once thought to be the remnants of a European wild sheep population, archaeology suggests they were introduced by humans to the islands of Cyprus in the Early Neolithic (~10,000 years ago) and later to Corsica and Sardinia. Their status as truly wild animals remains a subject of debate. To investigate the phylogenetic relationship between these island populations and other domestic and wild sheep from the Mediterranean region, we sequenced 50 mitogenomes of mouflons from Sardinia and Corsica, and modern and ancient Sardinian domestic sheep. A total of 68 additional publicly available mitogenomes were included in the comparative analysis and used to reconstruct the phylogeny of sheep and its closest wild relative, the mouflon (Ovis gmelini). Our study analyzed the evolutionary relationships within the C-E-X and haplogroup B clusters, showing that: a) Cyprus mouflons are more related to Anatolian and Iranian mouflons belonging to the wild haplogroup X, which seems to be basal to the domestic C and E haplogroups; b) Corsican and Sardinian mouflon arise from basal lineages associated with the early European expansion of domestic sheep. These results highlight the phylogenetic distinctiveness of the mouflon populations from the Mediterranean islands, suggesting a revision of their systematic classification and an update of the nomenclature for Sardinian and Corsican mouflons from the current status of subspecies of domestic sheep (Ovis aries musimon) to subspecies of their wild relatives (Ovis gmelini musimon) which would facilitate conservation efforts.
Mouflons are flagship species of the Mediterranean islands where they persist. Once thought to be the remnants of a European wild sheep population, archaeology suggests they were introduced by humans to the islands of Cyprus in the Early Neolithic (~10,000 years ago) and later to Corsica and Sardinia. Their status as truly wild animals remains a subject of debate. To investigate the phylogenetic relationship between these island populations and other domestic and wild sheep from the Mediterranean region, we sequenced 50 mitogenomes of mouflons from Sardinia and Corsica, and modern and ancient Sardinian domestic sheep. A total of 68 additional publicly available mitogenomes were included in the comparative analysis and used to reconstruct the phylogeny of sheep and its closest wild relative, the mouflon ( Ovis gmelini ). Our study analyzed the evolutionary relationships within the C-E-X and haplogroup B clusters, showing that: a) Cyprus mouflons are more related to Anatolian and Iranian mouflons belonging to the wild haplogroup X, which seems to be basal to the domestic C and E haplogroups; b) Corsican and Sardinian mouflon arise from basal lineages associated with the early European expansion of domestic sheep. These results highlight the phylogenetic distinctiveness of the mouflon populations from the Mediterranean islands, suggesting a revision of their systematic classification and an update of the nomenclature for Sardinian and Corsican mouflons from the current status of subspecies of domestic sheep ( Ovis aries musimon ) to subspecies of their wild relatives ( Ovis gmelini musimon ) which would facilitate conservation efforts.
Audience Academic
Author Leoni, Giovanni Giuseppe
Columbano, Nicolò
Somel, Mehmet
Günther, Torsten
Zedda, Marco
Wilkens, Barbara
Mereu, Paolo
Pirastru, Monica
Barbato, Mario
Morell Miranda, Pedro
Başak Vural, Kıvılcım
Naitana, Salvatore
Rodrigues Soares, André Elias
Atağ, Gözde
Kaptan, Damla
Hadjisterkotis, Eleftherios
Özer, Füsun
AuthorAffiliation 5 Independent Archaeologist, Alghero, Italy
Institut des Regions Arides de Medenine: Institut des Regions Arides, TUNISIA
1 Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
2 Human Evolution Program, Institute for Organismal Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
6 Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
10 Department of Social Anthropology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
3 Population Genomics Group, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
9 Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Letters, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
8 Agricultural Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Rural Development and Environment, Nicosia, Cyprus
4 Department of Biological Sciences, Biology/Molecular Biology and Genetics, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
7 Department of Veterinary Sciences, Università degli Studi di Messina, Messina, Italy
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Copyright Copyright: © 2025 Mereu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
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2025 Mereu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
2025 Mereu et al 2025 Mereu et al
2025 Mereu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
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– notice: 2025 Mereu et al 2025 Mereu et al
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License Copyright: © 2025 Mereu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
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Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
TG and GGL also contributed equally to this work.
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Snippet Mouflons are flagship species of the Mediterranean islands where they persist. Once thought to be the remnants of a European wild sheep population, archaeology...
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SubjectTerms Analysis
Animal populations
Animals
Archaeology
Biology and Life Sciences
Comparative analysis
Computer and Information Sciences
Cyprus
DNA, Mitochondrial - genetics
Domestic animals
Domestication
Earth Sciences
Genetic diversity
Genetic engineering
Genetic testing
Genome, Mitochondrial
Genomes
Haplotypes
Islands
Italy
Mitochondrial DNA
Neolithic
Nomenclature
Ovis gmelini
People and places
Phylogenetics
Phylogeny
Population
Populations
Predation
Research and Analysis Methods
Sheep
Sheep - classification
Sheep - genetics
Sheep, Domestic - classification
Sheep, Domestic - genetics
Social Sciences
Stone Age
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Title Revised phylogeny of mouflon based on expanded sampling of mitogenomes
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40367058
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https://www.proquest.com/docview/3204326882
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0323354
Volume 20
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