Impact of upper and lower respiratory symptoms on COVID-19 outcomes: a multicenter retrospective cohort study
Respiratory symptoms are associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes. However, the impacts of upper and lower respiratory symptoms on COVID-19 outcomes in the same population have not been compared. The objective of this study was to characterize upper and lower respiratory symptoms...
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Published in | Respiratory research Vol. 23; no. 1; pp. 315 - 14 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
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England
BioMed Central Ltd
15.11.2022
BioMed Central BMC |
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Abstract | Respiratory symptoms are associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes. However, the impacts of upper and lower respiratory symptoms on COVID-19 outcomes in the same population have not been compared. The objective of this study was to characterize upper and lower respiratory symptoms and compare their impacts on outcomes of hospitalized COVID-19 patients.
This was a multicenter, retrospective cohort study; the database from the Japan COVID-19 Task Force was used. A total of 3314 COVID-19 patients were included in the study, and the data on respiratory symptoms were collected. The participants were classified according to their respiratory symptoms (Group 1: no respiratory symptoms, Group 2: only upper respiratory symptoms, Group 3: only lower respiratory symptoms, and Group 4: both upper and lower respiratory symptoms). The impacts of upper and lower respiratory symptoms on the clinical outcomes were compared. The primary outcome was the percentage of patients with poor clinical outcomes, including the need for oxygen supplementation via high-flow oxygen therapy, mechanical ventilation, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation or death.
Of the 3314 COVID-19 patients, 605, 1331, 1229, and 1149 were classified as Group 1, Group 2, Group 3, and Group 4, respectively. In univariate analysis, patients in Group 2 had the best clinical outcomes among all groups (odds ratio [OR]: 0.21, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.11-0.39), while patients in Group 3 had the worst outcomes (OR: 3.27, 95% CI: 2.43-4.40). Group 3 patients had the highest incidence of pneumonia, other complications due to secondary infections, and thrombosis during the clinical course.
Upper and lower respiratory tract symptoms had vastly different impacts on the clinical outcomes of COVID-19. |
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AbstractList | Respiratory symptoms are associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes. However, the impacts of upper and lower respiratory symptoms on COVID-19 outcomes in the same population have not been compared. The objective of this study was to characterize upper and lower respiratory symptoms and compare their impacts on outcomes of hospitalized COVID-19 patients.
This was a multicenter, retrospective cohort study; the database from the Japan COVID-19 Task Force was used. A total of 3314 COVID-19 patients were included in the study, and the data on respiratory symptoms were collected. The participants were classified according to their respiratory symptoms (Group 1: no respiratory symptoms, Group 2: only upper respiratory symptoms, Group 3: only lower respiratory symptoms, and Group 4: both upper and lower respiratory symptoms). The impacts of upper and lower respiratory symptoms on the clinical outcomes were compared. The primary outcome was the percentage of patients with poor clinical outcomes, including the need for oxygen supplementation via high-flow oxygen therapy, mechanical ventilation, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation or death.
Of the 3314 COVID-19 patients, 605, 1331, 1229, and 1149 were classified as Group 1, Group 2, Group 3, and Group 4, respectively. In univariate analysis, patients in Group 2 had the best clinical outcomes among all groups (odds ratio [OR]: 0.21, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.11-0.39), while patients in Group 3 had the worst outcomes (OR: 3.27, 95% CI: 2.43-4.40). Group 3 patients had the highest incidence of pneumonia, other complications due to secondary infections, and thrombosis during the clinical course.
Upper and lower respiratory tract symptoms had vastly different impacts on the clinical outcomes of COVID-19. Abstract Background Respiratory symptoms are associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes. However, the impacts of upper and lower respiratory symptoms on COVID-19 outcomes in the same population have not been compared. The objective of this study was to characterize upper and lower respiratory symptoms and compare their impacts on outcomes of hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Methods This was a multicenter, retrospective cohort study; the database from the Japan COVID-19 Task Force was used. A total of 3314 COVID-19 patients were included in the study, and the data on respiratory symptoms were collected. The participants were classified according to their respiratory symptoms (Group 1: no respiratory symptoms, Group 2: only upper respiratory symptoms, Group 3: only lower respiratory symptoms, and Group 4: both upper and lower respiratory symptoms). The impacts of upper and lower respiratory symptoms on the clinical outcomes were compared. The primary outcome was the percentage of patients with poor clinical outcomes, including the need for oxygen supplementation via high-flow oxygen therapy, mechanical ventilation, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation or death. Results Of the 3314 COVID-19 patients, 605, 1331, 1229, and 1149 were classified as Group 1, Group 2, Group 3, and Group 4, respectively. In univariate analysis, patients in Group 2 had the best clinical outcomes among all groups (odds ratio [OR]: 0.21, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.11–0.39), while patients in Group 3 had the worst outcomes (OR: 3.27, 95% CI: 2.43–4.40). Group 3 patients had the highest incidence of pneumonia, other complications due to secondary infections, and thrombosis during the clinical course. Conclusions Upper and lower respiratory tract symptoms had vastly different impacts on the clinical outcomes of COVID-19. Respiratory symptoms are associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes. However, the impacts of upper and lower respiratory symptoms on COVID-19 outcomes in the same population have not been compared. The objective of this study was to characterize upper and lower respiratory symptoms and compare their impacts on outcomes of hospitalized COVID-19 patients.BACKGROUNDRespiratory symptoms are associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes. However, the impacts of upper and lower respiratory symptoms on COVID-19 outcomes in the same population have not been compared. The objective of this study was to characterize upper and lower respiratory symptoms and compare their impacts on outcomes of hospitalized COVID-19 patients.This was a multicenter, retrospective cohort study; the database from the Japan COVID-19 Task Force was used. A total of 3314 COVID-19 patients were included in the study, and the data on respiratory symptoms were collected. The participants were classified according to their respiratory symptoms (Group 1: no respiratory symptoms, Group 2: only upper respiratory symptoms, Group 3: only lower respiratory symptoms, and Group 4: both upper and lower respiratory symptoms). The impacts of upper and lower respiratory symptoms on the clinical outcomes were compared. The primary outcome was the percentage of patients with poor clinical outcomes, including the need for oxygen supplementation via high-flow oxygen therapy, mechanical ventilation, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation or death.METHODSThis was a multicenter, retrospective cohort study; the database from the Japan COVID-19 Task Force was used. A total of 3314 COVID-19 patients were included in the study, and the data on respiratory symptoms were collected. The participants were classified according to their respiratory symptoms (Group 1: no respiratory symptoms, Group 2: only upper respiratory symptoms, Group 3: only lower respiratory symptoms, and Group 4: both upper and lower respiratory symptoms). The impacts of upper and lower respiratory symptoms on the clinical outcomes were compared. The primary outcome was the percentage of patients with poor clinical outcomes, including the need for oxygen supplementation via high-flow oxygen therapy, mechanical ventilation, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation or death.Of the 3314 COVID-19 patients, 605, 1331, 1229, and 1149 were classified as Group 1, Group 2, Group 3, and Group 4, respectively. In univariate analysis, patients in Group 2 had the best clinical outcomes among all groups (odds ratio [OR]: 0.21, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.11-0.39), while patients in Group 3 had the worst outcomes (OR: 3.27, 95% CI: 2.43-4.40). Group 3 patients had the highest incidence of pneumonia, other complications due to secondary infections, and thrombosis during the clinical course.RESULTSOf the 3314 COVID-19 patients, 605, 1331, 1229, and 1149 were classified as Group 1, Group 2, Group 3, and Group 4, respectively. In univariate analysis, patients in Group 2 had the best clinical outcomes among all groups (odds ratio [OR]: 0.21, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.11-0.39), while patients in Group 3 had the worst outcomes (OR: 3.27, 95% CI: 2.43-4.40). Group 3 patients had the highest incidence of pneumonia, other complications due to secondary infections, and thrombosis during the clinical course.Upper and lower respiratory tract symptoms had vastly different impacts on the clinical outcomes of COVID-19.CONCLUSIONSUpper and lower respiratory tract symptoms had vastly different impacts on the clinical outcomes of COVID-19. Respiratory symptoms are associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes. However, the impacts of upper and lower respiratory symptoms on COVID-19 outcomes in the same population have not been compared. The objective of this study was to characterize upper and lower respiratory symptoms and compare their impacts on outcomes of hospitalized COVID-19 patients. This was a multicenter, retrospective cohort study; the database from the Japan COVID-19 Task Force was used. A total of 3314 COVID-19 patients were included in the study, and the data on respiratory symptoms were collected. The participants were classified according to their respiratory symptoms (Group 1: no respiratory symptoms, Group 2: only upper respiratory symptoms, Group 3: only lower respiratory symptoms, and Group 4: both upper and lower respiratory symptoms). The impacts of upper and lower respiratory symptoms on the clinical outcomes were compared. The primary outcome was the percentage of patients with poor clinical outcomes, including the need for oxygen supplementation via high-flow oxygen therapy, mechanical ventilation, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation or death. Of the 3314 COVID-19 patients, 605, 1331, 1229, and 1149 were classified as Group 1, Group 2, Group 3, and Group 4, respectively. In univariate analysis, patients in Group 2 had the best clinical outcomes among all groups (odds ratio [OR]: 0.21, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.11-0.39), while patients in Group 3 had the worst outcomes (OR: 3.27, 95% CI: 2.43-4.40). Group 3 patients had the highest incidence of pneumonia, other complications due to secondary infections, and thrombosis during the clinical course. Upper and lower respiratory tract symptoms had vastly different impacts on the clinical outcomes of COVID-19. Background Respiratory symptoms are associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes. However, the impacts of upper and lower respiratory symptoms on COVID-19 outcomes in the same population have not been compared. The objective of this study was to characterize upper and lower respiratory symptoms and compare their impacts on outcomes of hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Methods This was a multicenter, retrospective cohort study; the database from the Japan COVID-19 Task Force was used. A total of 3314 COVID-19 patients were included in the study, and the data on respiratory symptoms were collected. The participants were classified according to their respiratory symptoms (Group 1: no respiratory symptoms, Group 2: only upper respiratory symptoms, Group 3: only lower respiratory symptoms, and Group 4: both upper and lower respiratory symptoms). The impacts of upper and lower respiratory symptoms on the clinical outcomes were compared. The primary outcome was the percentage of patients with poor clinical outcomes, including the need for oxygen supplementation via high-flow oxygen therapy, mechanical ventilation, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation or death. Results Of the 3314 COVID-19 patients, 605, 1331, 1229, and 1149 were classified as Group 1, Group 2, Group 3, and Group 4, respectively. In univariate analysis, patients in Group 2 had the best clinical outcomes among all groups (odds ratio [OR]: 0.21, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.11-0.39), while patients in Group 3 had the worst outcomes (OR: 3.27, 95% CI: 2.43-4.40). Group 3 patients had the highest incidence of pneumonia, other complications due to secondary infections, and thrombosis during the clinical course. Conclusions Upper and lower respiratory tract symptoms had vastly different impacts on the clinical outcomes of COVID-19. Keywords: SARS-CoV-2 infection, COVID-19, Upper respiratory tract symptoms, Lower respiratory tract symptoms, Primary care Background Respiratory symptoms are associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes. However, the impacts of upper and lower respiratory symptoms on COVID-19 outcomes in the same population have not been compared. The objective of this study was to characterize upper and lower respiratory symptoms and compare their impacts on outcomes of hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Methods This was a multicenter, retrospective cohort study; the database from the Japan COVID-19 Task Force was used. A total of 3314 COVID-19 patients were included in the study, and the data on respiratory symptoms were collected. The participants were classified according to their respiratory symptoms (Group 1: no respiratory symptoms, Group 2: only upper respiratory symptoms, Group 3: only lower respiratory symptoms, and Group 4: both upper and lower respiratory symptoms). The impacts of upper and lower respiratory symptoms on the clinical outcomes were compared. The primary outcome was the percentage of patients with poor clinical outcomes, including the need for oxygen supplementation via high-flow oxygen therapy, mechanical ventilation, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation or death. Results Of the 3314 COVID-19 patients, 605, 1331, 1229, and 1149 were classified as Group 1, Group 2, Group 3, and Group 4, respectively. In univariate analysis, patients in Group 2 had the best clinical outcomes among all groups (odds ratio [OR]: 0.21, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.11–0.39), while patients in Group 3 had the worst outcomes (OR: 3.27, 95% CI: 2.43–4.40). Group 3 patients had the highest incidence of pneumonia, other complications due to secondary infections, and thrombosis during the clinical course. Conclusions Upper and lower respiratory tract symptoms had vastly different impacts on the clinical outcomes of COVID-19. Abstract Background Respiratory symptoms are associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes. However, the impacts of upper and lower respiratory symptoms on COVID-19 outcomes in the same population have not been compared. The objective of this study was to characterize upper and lower respiratory symptoms and compare their impacts on outcomes of hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Methods This was a multicenter, retrospective cohort study; the database from the Japan COVID-19 Task Force was used. A total of 3314 COVID-19 patients were included in the study, and the data on respiratory symptoms were collected. The participants were classified according to their respiratory symptoms (Group 1: no respiratory symptoms, Group 2: only upper respiratory symptoms, Group 3: only lower respiratory symptoms, and Group 4: both upper and lower respiratory symptoms). The impacts of upper and lower respiratory symptoms on the clinical outcomes were compared. The primary outcome was the percentage of patients with poor clinical outcomes, including the need for oxygen supplementation via high-flow oxygen therapy, mechanical ventilation, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation or death. Results Of the 3314 COVID-19 patients, 605, 1331, 1229, and 1149 were classified as Group 1, Group 2, Group 3, and Group 4, respectively. In univariate analysis, patients in Group 2 had the best clinical outcomes among all groups (odds ratio [OR]: 0.21, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.11–0.39), while patients in Group 3 had the worst outcomes (OR: 3.27, 95% CI: 2.43–4.40). Group 3 patients had the highest incidence of pneumonia, other complications due to secondary infections, and thrombosis during the clinical course. Conclusions Upper and lower respiratory tract symptoms had vastly different impacts on the clinical outcomes of COVID-19. |
ArticleNumber | 315 |
Audience | Academic |
Author | Ueda, Soichiro Fukunaga, Koichi Ogawa, Seishi Kanai, Takanori Watase, Mayuko Ueda, Tetsuya Azekawa, Shuhei Tanaka, Hiromu Lee, Ho Edahiro, Ryuya Miyano, Satoru Nakano, Yasushi Sato, Yasunori Imoto, Seiya Yoshiyama, Takashi Mutoh, Yoshikazu Otake, Shiro Kitagawa, Yuko Nakagawara, Kensuke Masaki, Katsunori Chubachi, Shotaro Murakami, Koji Asakura, Takanori Hasegawa, Naoki Ishii, Makoto Kamata, Hirofumi Kusumoto, Tatsuya Tokunaga, Katsushi Fukushima, Takahiro Ishiguro, Takashi Harada, Norihiro Okada, Yukinori Morita, Atsuho Koike, Ryuji Namkoong, Ho Sakurai, Kaori Arimura, Ken Suzuki, Yusuke Kimura, Akinori Saito, Fukuki |
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Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan – sequence: 5 givenname: Ho surname: Lee fullname: Lee, Ho organization: Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan – sequence: 6 givenname: Shuhei surname: Azekawa fullname: Azekawa, Shuhei organization: Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan – sequence: 7 givenname: Shiro surname: Otake fullname: Otake, Shiro organization: Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan – sequence: 8 givenname: Takahiro surname: Fukushima fullname: Fukushima, Takahiro organization: Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan – sequence: 9 givenname: Atsuho surname: Morita fullname: Morita, Atsuho organization: Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan – sequence: 10 givenname: Mayuko surname: Watase fullname: Watase, Mayuko organization: Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan – sequence: 11 givenname: Kaori surname: Sakurai fullname: Sakurai, Kaori organization: Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan – sequence: 12 givenname: Tatsuya surname: Kusumoto fullname: Kusumoto, Tatsuya organization: Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan – sequence: 13 givenname: Takanori surname: Asakura fullname: Asakura, Takanori organization: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kitasato University, Kitasato Institute Hospital, Tokyo, Japan – sequence: 14 givenname: Katsunori surname: Masaki fullname: Masaki, Katsunori organization: Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan – sequence: 15 givenname: Hirofumi surname: Kamata fullname: Kamata, Hirofumi organization: Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan – sequence: 16 givenname: Makoto surname: Ishii fullname: Ishii, Makoto organization: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan – sequence: 17 givenname: Naoki surname: Hasegawa fullname: Hasegawa, Naoki organization: Department of Infectious Diseases, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan – sequence: 18 givenname: Norihiro surname: Harada fullname: Harada, Norihiro organization: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan – sequence: 19 givenname: Tetsuya surname: Ueda fullname: Ueda, Tetsuya organization: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Osaka Saiseikai Nakatsu Hospital, Osaka, Japan – sequence: 20 givenname: Soichiro surname: Ueda fullname: Ueda, Soichiro organization: Department of Internal Medicine, JCHO (Japan Community Health Care Organization) Saitama Medical Center, Saitama, Japan – sequence: 21 givenname: Takashi surname: Ishiguro fullname: Ishiguro, Takashi organization: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Cardiovascular and Respiratory Center, Kumagaya, Japan – sequence: 22 givenname: Ken surname: Arimura fullname: Arimura, Ken organization: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan – sequence: 23 givenname: Fukuki surname: Saito fullname: Saito, Fukuki organization: Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Kansai Medical University General Medical Center, Moriguchi, Japan – sequence: 24 givenname: Takashi surname: Yoshiyama fullname: Yoshiyama, Takashi organization: Respiratory Disease Center, Fukujuji Hospital, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, Tokyo, Japan – sequence: 25 givenname: Yasushi surname: Nakano fullname: Nakano, Yasushi organization: Department of Internal Medicine, Kawasaki Municipal Ida Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan – sequence: 26 givenname: Yoshikazu surname: Mutoh fullname: Mutoh, Yoshikazu organization: Department of Infectious Diseases, Tosei General Hospital, Seto, Japan – sequence: 27 givenname: Yusuke surname: Suzuki fullname: Suzuki, Yusuke organization: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kitasato University, Kitasato Institute Hospital, Tokyo, Japan – sequence: 28 givenname: Ryuya surname: Edahiro fullname: Edahiro, Ryuya organization: Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan – sequence: 29 givenname: Koji surname: Murakami fullname: Murakami, Koji organization: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan – sequence: 30 givenname: Yasunori surname: Sato fullname: Sato, Yasunori organization: Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan – sequence: 31 givenname: Yukinori surname: Okada fullname: Okada, Yukinori organization: Laboratory for Systems Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan – sequence: 32 givenname: Ryuji surname: Koike fullname: Koike, Ryuji organization: Medical Innovation Promotion Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan – sequence: 33 givenname: Yuko surname: Kitagawa fullname: Kitagawa, Yuko organization: Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan – sequence: 34 givenname: Katsushi surname: Tokunaga fullname: Tokunaga, Katsushi organization: Genome Medical Science Project (Toyama), National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan – sequence: 35 givenname: Akinori surname: Kimura fullname: Kimura, Akinori organization: Institute of Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan – sequence: 36 givenname: Seiya surname: Imoto fullname: Imoto, Seiya organization: Division of Health Medical Intelligence, Human Genome Center, The Institute of Medical Science, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan – sequence: 37 givenname: Satoru surname: Miyano fullname: Miyano, Satoru organization: M&D Data Science Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan – sequence: 38 givenname: Seishi surname: Ogawa fullname: Ogawa, Seishi organization: Department of Medicine, Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden – sequence: 39 givenname: Takanori surname: Kanai fullname: Kanai, Takanori organization: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan – sequence: 40 givenname: Koichi surname: Fukunaga fullname: Fukunaga, Koichi organization: Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan |
BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36380316$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed http://kipublications.ki.se/Default.aspx?queryparsed=id:151235738$$DView record from Swedish Publication Index |
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Keywords | COVID-19 Upper respiratory tract symptoms SARS-CoV-2 infection Lower respiratory tract symptoms Primary care |
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Snippet | Respiratory symptoms are associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes. However, the impacts of upper and lower respiratory symptoms on COVID-19... Abstract Background Respiratory symptoms are associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes. However, the impacts of upper and lower respiratory... Background Respiratory symptoms are associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes. However, the impacts of upper and lower respiratory symptoms... Abstract Background Respiratory symptoms are associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes. However, the impacts of upper and lower respiratory... |
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SubjectTerms | Body mass index Care and treatment Clinical outcomes Cohort analysis Complications Coronaviruses COVID-19 COVID-19 - therapy Diabetes Diagnosis Dyspnea Hospitalization Humans Hypertension Kidney diseases Laboratories Lower respiratory tract symptoms Mechanical ventilation Medicin och hälsovetenskap Oxygen Oxygen Inhalation Therapy Oxygenation Patients Primary care Pulmonary manifestations of general diseases Respiration, Artificial Respiratory tract Retrospective Studies SARS-CoV-2 SARS-CoV-2 infection Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Signs and symptoms Statistical significance Supplements Task forces Thromboembolism Thrombosis Upper respiratory tract symptoms Viral diseases |
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Title | Impact of upper and lower respiratory symptoms on COVID-19 outcomes: a multicenter retrospective cohort study |
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