Visualization of arrestin recruitment by a G-protein-coupled receptor

Single-particle electron microscopy and hydrogen–deuterium exchange mass spectrometry are used to characterize the structure and dynamics of a G-protein-coupled receptor–arrestin complex. An arrestin–GPCR complex structure Much has been learned about the structure of G-protein-coupled receptors (GCP...

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Published inNature (London) Vol. 512; no. 7513; pp. 218 - 222
Main Authors Shukla, Arun K., Westfield, Gerwin H., Xiao, Kunhong, Reis, Rosana I., Huang, Li-Yin, Tripathi-Shukla, Prachi, Qian, Jiang, Li, Sheng, Blanc, Adi, Oleskie, Austin N., Dosey, Anne M., Su, Min, Liang, Cui-Rong, Gu, Ling-Ling, Shan, Jin-Ming, Chen, Xin, Hanna, Rachel, Choi, Minjung, Yao, Xiao Jie, Klink, Bjoern U., Kahsai, Alem W., Sidhu, Sachdev S., Koide, Shohei, Penczek, Pawel A., Kossiakoff, Anthony A., Woods Jr, Virgil L., Kobilka, Brian K., Skiniotis, Georgios, Lefkowitz, Robert J.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published London Nature Publishing Group UK 14.08.2014
Nature Publishing Group
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Abstract Single-particle electron microscopy and hydrogen–deuterium exchange mass spectrometry are used to characterize the structure and dynamics of a G-protein-coupled receptor–arrestin complex. An arrestin–GPCR complex structure Much has been learned about the structure of G-protein-coupled receptors (GCPRs) over the past seven years, but we still don't know what an activated GPCR looks like when it is bound to a β-arrestin. (Arrestins are cellular mediators with a broad range of functions, many of them involving GPCRs.) In this study the authors use single-particle electron microscopy and hydrogen–deuterium exchange mass spectrometry to characterize the structure and dynamics of a GPCR–arrestin complex. Their data support a 'biphasic' mechanism, in which the arrestin initially interacts with the phosphorylated carboxy terminus of the GPCR before re-arranging to more fully engage the membrane protein in a signalling-competent conformation. G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are critically regulated by β-arrestins, which not only desensitize G-protein signalling but also initiate a G-protein-independent wave of signalling 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 . A recent surge of structural data on a number of GPCRs, including the β 2 adrenergic receptor (β 2 AR)–G-protein complex, has provided novel insights into the structural basis of receptor activation 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 . However, complementary information has been lacking on the recruitment of β-arrestins to activated GPCRs, primarily owing to challenges in obtaining stable receptor–β-arrestin complexes for structural studies. Here we devised a strategy for forming and purifying a functional human β 2 AR–β-arrestin-1 complex that allowed us to visualize its architecture by single-particle negative-stain electron microscopy and to characterize the interactions between β 2 AR and β-arrestin 1 using hydrogen–deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) and chemical crosslinking. Electron microscopy two-dimensional averages and three-dimensional reconstructions reveal bimodal binding of β-arrestin 1 to the β 2 AR, involving two separate sets of interactions, one with the phosphorylated carboxy terminus of the receptor and the other with its seven-transmembrane core. Areas of reduced HDX together with identification of crosslinked residues suggest engagement of the finger loop of β-arrestin 1 with the seven-transmembrane core of the receptor. In contrast, focal areas of raised HDX levels indicate regions of increased dynamics in both the N and C domains of β-arrestin 1 when coupled to the β 2 AR. A molecular model of the β 2 AR–β-arrestin signalling complex was made by docking activated β-arrestin 1 and β 2 AR crystal structures into the electron microscopy map densities with constraints provided by HDX-MS and crosslinking, allowing us to obtain valuable insights into the overall architecture of a receptor–arrestin complex. The dynamic and structural information presented here provides a framework for better understanding the basis of GPCR regulation by arrestins.
AbstractList G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are critically regulated by β-arrestins, which not only desensitize G-protein signalling but also initiate a G-protein-independent wave of signalling. A recent surge of structural data on a number of GPCRs, including the β2 adrenergic receptor (β2AR)-G-protein complex, has provided novel insights into the structural basis of receptor activation. However, complementary information has been lacking on the recruitment of β-arrestins to activated GPCRs, primarily owing to challenges in obtaining stable receptor-β-arrestin complexes for structural studies. Here we devised a strategy for forming and purifying a functional human β2AR-β-arrestin-1 complex that allowed us to visualize its architecture by single-particle negative-stain electron microscopy and to characterize the interactions between β2AR and β-arrestin 1 using hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) and chemical crosslinking. Electron microscopy two-dimensional averages and three-dimensional reconstructions reveal bimodal binding of β-arrestin 1 to the β2AR, involving two separate sets of interactions, one with the phosphorylated carboxy terminus of the receptor and the other with its seven-transmembrane core. Areas of reduced HDX together with identification of crosslinked residues suggest engagement of the finger loop of β-arrestin 1 with the seven-transmembrane core of the receptor. In contrast, focal areas of raised HDX levels indicate regions of increased dynamics in both the N and C domains of β-arrestin 1 when coupled to the β2AR. A molecular model of the β2AR-β-arrestin signalling complex was made by docking activated β-arrestin 1 and β2AR crystal structures into the electron microscopy map densities with constraints provided by HDX-MS and crosslinking, allowing us to obtain valuable insights into the overall architecture of a receptor-arrestin complex. The dynamic and structural information presented here provides a framework for better understanding the basis of GPCR regulation by arrestins.
Single-particle electron microscopy and hydrogen–deuterium exchange mass spectrometry are used to characterize the structure and dynamics of a G-protein-coupled receptor–arrestin complex. An arrestin–GPCR complex structure Much has been learned about the structure of G-protein-coupled receptors (GCPRs) over the past seven years, but we still don't know what an activated GPCR looks like when it is bound to a β-arrestin. (Arrestins are cellular mediators with a broad range of functions, many of them involving GPCRs.) In this study the authors use single-particle electron microscopy and hydrogen–deuterium exchange mass spectrometry to characterize the structure and dynamics of a GPCR–arrestin complex. Their data support a 'biphasic' mechanism, in which the arrestin initially interacts with the phosphorylated carboxy terminus of the GPCR before re-arranging to more fully engage the membrane protein in a signalling-competent conformation. G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are critically regulated by β-arrestins, which not only desensitize G-protein signalling but also initiate a G-protein-independent wave of signalling 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 . A recent surge of structural data on a number of GPCRs, including the β 2 adrenergic receptor (β 2 AR)–G-protein complex, has provided novel insights into the structural basis of receptor activation 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 . However, complementary information has been lacking on the recruitment of β-arrestins to activated GPCRs, primarily owing to challenges in obtaining stable receptor–β-arrestin complexes for structural studies. Here we devised a strategy for forming and purifying a functional human β 2 AR–β-arrestin-1 complex that allowed us to visualize its architecture by single-particle negative-stain electron microscopy and to characterize the interactions between β 2 AR and β-arrestin 1 using hydrogen–deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) and chemical crosslinking. Electron microscopy two-dimensional averages and three-dimensional reconstructions reveal bimodal binding of β-arrestin 1 to the β 2 AR, involving two separate sets of interactions, one with the phosphorylated carboxy terminus of the receptor and the other with its seven-transmembrane core. Areas of reduced HDX together with identification of crosslinked residues suggest engagement of the finger loop of β-arrestin 1 with the seven-transmembrane core of the receptor. In contrast, focal areas of raised HDX levels indicate regions of increased dynamics in both the N and C domains of β-arrestin 1 when coupled to the β 2 AR. A molecular model of the β 2 AR–β-arrestin signalling complex was made by docking activated β-arrestin 1 and β 2 AR crystal structures into the electron microscopy map densities with constraints provided by HDX-MS and crosslinking, allowing us to obtain valuable insights into the overall architecture of a receptor–arrestin complex. The dynamic and structural information presented here provides a framework for better understanding the basis of GPCR regulation by arrestins.
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are critically regulated by β-arrestins, which not only desensitize G-protein signalling but also initiate a G-protein-independent wave of signalling. A recent surge of structural data on a number of GPCRs, including the β^sub 2^ adrenergic receptor (β^sub 2^AR)-G-protein complex, has provided novel insights into the structural basis of receptor activation. However, complementary information has been lacking on the recruitment of β-arrestins to activated GPCRs, primarily owing to challenges in obtaining stable receptor-β-arrestin complexes for structural studies. Here we devised a strategy for forming and purifying a functional human β^sub 2^AR-β-arrestin- 1 complex that allowed us to visualize its architecture by single-particle negative-stain electron microscopy and to characterize the interactions between β^sub 2^AR and β-arrestin 1 using hydrogen- deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) and chemical crosslinking. Electron microscopy two-dimensional averages and three-dimensional reconstructions reveal bimodal binding of β-arrestin 1 to the β^sub 2^AR, involving two separate sets of interactions, one with the phosphorylated carboxy terminus of the receptor and the other with its seven-transmembrane core. Areas of reduced HDX together with identification of crosslinked residues suggest engagement of the finger loop of β-arrestin 1 with the seven-transmembrane core of the receptor. In contrast, focal areas of raised HDX levels indicate regions of increased dynamics in both the N and C domains of β-arrestin 1 when coupled to the β^sub 2^AR. A molecular model of the β^sub 2^AR-β-arrestin signalling complex was made by docking activated β-arrestin 1 and β^sub 2^AR crystal structures into the electron microscopy map densities with constraints provided by HDX-MS and crosslinking, allowing us to obtain valuable insights into the overall architecture of a receptor-arrestin complex. The dynamic and structural information presented here provides a framework for better understanding the basis of GPCR regulation by arrestins.
G Protein Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) are critically regulated by β-arrestins (βarrs), which not only desensitize G protein signaling but also initiate a G protein independent wave of signaling 1 - 5 . A recent surge of structural data on a number of GPCRs, including the β 2 adrenergic receptor (β 2 AR)-G protein complex, has provided novel insights into the structural basis of receptor activation 6 - 11 . Lacking however has been complementary information on recruitment of βarrs to activated GPCRs primarily due to challenges in obtaining stable receptor-βarr complexes for structural studies. Here, we devised a strategy for forming and purifying a functional β 2 AR-βarr1 complex that allowed us to visualize its architecture by single particle negative stain electron microscopy (EM) and to characterize the interactions between β 2 AR and βarr1 using hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDXMS) and chemical cross-linking. EM 2D averages and 3D reconstructions reveal bimodal binding of βarr1 to the β 2 AR, involving two separate sets of interactions, one with the phosphorylated carboxy-terminus of the receptor and the other with its seven-transmembrane core. Areas of reduced HDX together with identification of cross-linked residues suggest engagement of the finger loop of βarr1 with the seven-transmembrane core of the receptor. In contrast, focal areas of increased HDX indicate regions of increased dynamics in both N and C domains of βarr1 when coupled to the β 2 AR. A molecular model of the β 2 AR-βarr signaling complex was made by docking activated βarr1 and β 2 AR crystal structures into the EM map densities with constraints provided by HDXMS and cross-linking, allowing us to obtain valuable insights into the overall architecture of a receptor-arrestin complex. The dynamic and structural information presented herein provides a framework for better understanding the basis of GPCR regulation by arrestins.
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are critically regulated by β- arrestins, which not only desensitize G-protein signalling but also initiate a G-protein-independent wave of signalling (1-5). A recent surge of structural data on a number of GPCRs, including the b2 adrenergic receptor ([β.sub.2]AR)-G-protein complex, has provided novel insights into the structural basis of receptor activation (6-11). However, complementary information has been lacking on the recruitment of β-arrestins to activated GPCRs, primarily owing to challenges in obtaining stable receptor-β-arrestin complexes for structural studies. Here we devised a strategy for forming and purifying a functional human [β.sub.2]AR-β- arrestin-1 complex that allowed us to visualize its architecture by single-particle negative-stain electron microscopy and to characterize the interactions between [β.sub.2]AR and β-arrestin 1 using hydrogendeuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) and chemical crosslinking. Electron microscopy two-dimensional averages and threedimensional reconstructions reveal bimodal binding of β-arrestin 1 to the [β.sub.2]AR, involving two separate sets of interactions, one with the phosphorylated carboxy terminus of the receptor and the other with its seven-transmembrane core. Areas of reduced HDX together with identification of crosslinked residues suggest engagement of the finger loop of β-arrestin 1 with the seven-transmembrane core of the receptor. In contrast, focal areas of raised HDX levels indicate regions of increased dynamics in both the N and C domains of barrestin 1 when coupled to the [β.sub.2]AR. A molecular model of the [β.sub.2]ARβ-arrestin signalling complex was made by docking activated β-arrestin 1 and [β.sub.2]AR crystal structures into the electron microscopy map densities with constraints provided by HDX-MS and crosslinking, allowing us to obtain valuable insights into the overall architecture of a receptor-arrestin complex. The dynamic and structural information presented here provides a framework for better understanding the basis of GPCR regulation by arrestins.
Audience Academic
Author Kossiakoff, Anthony A.
Li, Sheng
Oleskie, Austin N.
Lefkowitz, Robert J.
Dosey, Anne M.
Kahsai, Alem W.
Penczek, Pawel A.
Klink, Bjoern U.
Sidhu, Sachdev S.
Gu, Ling-Ling
Shan, Jin-Ming
Choi, Minjung
Kobilka, Brian K.
Westfield, Gerwin H.
Huang, Li-Yin
Blanc, Adi
Skiniotis, Georgios
Liang, Cui-Rong
Woods Jr, Virgil L.
Hanna, Rachel
Chen, Xin
Xiao, Kunhong
Tripathi-Shukla, Prachi
Su, Min
Yao, Xiao Jie
Shukla, Arun K.
Reis, Rosana I.
Koide, Shohei
Qian, Jiang
AuthorAffiliation 9 Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
1 Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
2 Life Sciences Institute and Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
5 Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
6 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
3 Department of Chemistry, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
10 Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
7 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, USA
8 Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 279 Campus Drive, Stanford, California 94305, USA
4 School of Pharma
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 6 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
– name: 9 Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
– name: 1 Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
– name: 8 Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 279 Campus Drive, Stanford, California 94305, USA
– name: 5 Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
– name: 3 Department of Chemistry, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
– name: 2 Life Sciences Institute and Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
– name: 4 School of Pharmaceutical & Life Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China
– name: 7 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, USA
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  surname: Shukla
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  organization: Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Present address: Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India
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  givenname: Gerwin H.
  surname: Westfield
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  organization: Life Sciences Institute and Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School
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  givenname: Kunhong
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  organization: Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center
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  organization: Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center
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  organization: Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center
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  organization: Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center
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  surname: Qian
  fullname: Qian, Jiang
  organization: Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center
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  givenname: Sheng
  surname: Li
  fullname: Li, Sheng
  organization: Department of Chemistry, University of California at San Diego
– sequence: 9
  givenname: Adi
  surname: Blanc
  fullname: Blanc, Adi
  organization: Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center
– sequence: 10
  givenname: Austin N.
  surname: Oleskie
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  organization: Life Sciences Institute and Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School
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  givenname: Anne M.
  surname: Dosey
  fullname: Dosey, Anne M.
  organization: Life Sciences Institute and Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School
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  givenname: Min
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  organization: Life Sciences Institute and Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School
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  fullname: Liang, Cui-Rong
  organization: School of Pharmaceutical & Life Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China
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  givenname: Ling-Ling
  surname: Gu
  fullname: Gu, Ling-Ling
  organization: School of Pharmaceutical & Life Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China
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  givenname: Jin-Ming
  surname: Shan
  fullname: Shan, Jin-Ming
  organization: School of Pharmaceutical & Life Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China
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  givenname: Xin
  surname: Chen
  fullname: Chen, Xin
  organization: School of Pharmaceutical & Life Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China
– sequence: 17
  givenname: Rachel
  surname: Hanna
  fullname: Hanna, Rachel
  organization: Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
– sequence: 18
  givenname: Minjung
  surname: Choi
  fullname: Choi, Minjung
  organization: Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center
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  givenname: Xiao Jie
  surname: Yao
  fullname: Yao, Xiao Jie
  organization: Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center
– sequence: 20
  givenname: Bjoern U.
  surname: Klink
  fullname: Klink, Bjoern U.
  organization: Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center
– sequence: 21
  givenname: Alem W.
  surname: Kahsai
  fullname: Kahsai, Alem W.
  organization: Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center
– sequence: 22
  givenname: Sachdev S.
  surname: Sidhu
  fullname: Sidhu, Sachdev S.
  organization: Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
– sequence: 23
  givenname: Shohei
  surname: Koide
  fullname: Koide, Shohei
  organization: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago
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  givenname: Pawel A.
  surname: Penczek
  fullname: Penczek, Pawel A.
  organization: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston
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  givenname: Anthony A.
  surname: Kossiakoff
  fullname: Kossiakoff, Anthony A.
  organization: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago
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  givenname: Virgil L.
  surname: Woods Jr
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  organization: Department of Chemistry, University of California at San Diego
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  givenname: Brian K.
  surname: Kobilka
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  email: kobilka@stanford.edu
  organization: Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 279 Campus Drive
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  givenname: Georgios
  surname: Skiniotis
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  email: skinioti@umich.edu
  organization: Life Sciences Institute and Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School
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  givenname: Robert J.
  surname: Lefkowitz
  fullname: Lefkowitz, Robert J.
  email: lefko001@receptor-biol.duke.edu
  organization: Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University Medical Center
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25043026$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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current address is Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India.
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Snippet Single-particle electron microscopy and hydrogen–deuterium exchange mass spectrometry are used to characterize the structure and dynamics of a...
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are critically regulated by β-arrestins, which not only desensitize G-protein signalling but also initiate a...
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are critically regulated by β- arrestins, which not only desensitize G-protein signalling but also initiate a...
G Protein Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) are critically regulated by β-arrestins (βarrs), which not only desensitize G protein signaling but also initiate a G...
SourceID pubmedcentral
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springer
SourceType Open Access Repository
Aggregation Database
Index Database
Publisher
StartPage 218
SubjectTerms 631/535/1258
631/92/612/194
Animals
Arrestins - chemistry
Arrestins - metabolism
beta-Arrestin 1
beta-Arrestins
Chromatography
Crosslinked polymers
Crystals
Deuterium
Efficiency
Electron microscopy
G proteins
GTP-Binding Proteins - chemistry
GTP-Binding Proteins - metabolism
Humanities and Social Sciences
letter
Ligands
Mass spectrometry
Models, Molecular
multidisciplinary
Protein Structure, Quaternary
Proteins
Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2 - chemistry
Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2 - metabolism
Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled - chemistry
Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled - metabolism
Science
Sf9 Cells
Signal transduction
Structure
Title Visualization of arrestin recruitment by a G-protein-coupled receptor
URI https://link.springer.com/article/10.1038/nature13430
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25043026
https://www.proquest.com/docview/1561134566
https://search.proquest.com/docview/1553703308
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC4134437
Volume 512
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