PXR Ablation Alleviates Diet-Induced and Genetic Obesity and Insulin Resistance in Mice

The pregnane X receptor (PXR), along with its sister receptor constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), was initially characterized as a xenobiotic receptor that regulates drug metabolism. In this study, we have uncovered an unexpected endobiotic role of PXR in obesity and type 2 diabetes. PXR ablatio...

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Published inDiabetes (New York, N.Y.) Vol. 62; no. 6; pp. 1876 - 1887
Main Authors He, Jinhan, Gao, Jie, Xu, Meishu, Ren, Songrong, Stefanovic-Racic, Maja, O'Doherty, Robert Martin, Xie, Wen
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Alexandria, VA American Diabetes Association 01.06.2013
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Abstract The pregnane X receptor (PXR), along with its sister receptor constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), was initially characterized as a xenobiotic receptor that regulates drug metabolism. In this study, we have uncovered an unexpected endobiotic role of PXR in obesity and type 2 diabetes. PXR ablation inhibited high-fat diet (HFD)–induced obesity, hepatic steatosis, and insulin resistance, which were accounted for by increased oxygen consumption, increased mitochondrial β-oxidation, inhibition of hepatic lipogenesis and inflammation, and sensitization of insulin signaling. In an independent model, introducing the PXR−/− allele into the ob/ob background also improved body composition and relieved the diabetic phenotype. The ob/ob mice deficient of PXR showed increased oxygen consumption and energy expenditure, as well as inhibition of gluconeogenesis and increased rate of glucose disposal during euglycemic clamp. Mechanistically, the metabolic benefits of PXR ablation were associated with the inhibition of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase activation and downregulation of lipin-1, a novel PXR target gene. The metabolic benefit of PXR ablation was opposite to the reported prodiabetic effect of CAR ablation. Our results may help to establish PXR as a novel therapeutic target, and PXR antagonists may be used for the prevention and treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes.
AbstractList The pregnane X receptor (PXR), along with its sister receptor constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), was initially characterized as a xenobiotic receptor that regulates drug metabolism. In this study, we have uncovered an unexpected endobiotic role of PXR in obesity and type 2 diabetes. PXR ablation inhibited high-fat diet (HFD)--induced obesity, hepatic steatosis, and insulin resistance, which were accounted for by increased oxygen consumption, increased mitochondrial [beta]-oxidation, inhibition of hepatic lipogenesis and inflammation, and sensitization of insulin signaling. In an independent model, introducing the [PXR.sup.-/-] allele into the ob/ob background also improved body composition and relieved the diabetic phenotype. The ob/ob mice deficient of PXR showed increased oxygen consumption and energy expenditure, as well as inhibition of gluconeogenesis and increased rate of glucose disposal during euglycemic clamp. Mechanistically, the metabolic benefits of PXR ablation were associated with the inhibition of c-Jun N[H.sub.2]-terminal kinase activation and downregulation of lipin-1, a novel PXR target gene. The metabolic benefit of PXR ablation was opposite to the reported prodiabetic effect of CAR ablation. Our results may help to establish PXR as a novel therapeutic target, and PXR antagonists may be used for the prevention and treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes.
The pregnane X receptor (PXR), along with its sister receptor constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), was initially characterized as a xenobiotic receptor that regulates drug metabolism. In this study, we have uncovered an unexpected endobiotic role of PXR in obesity and type 2 diabetes. PXR ablation inhibited high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity, hepatic steatosis, and insulin resistance, which were accounted for by increased oxygen consumption, increased mitochondrial β-oxidation, inhibition of hepatic lipogenesis and inflammation, and sensitization of insulin signaling. In an independent model, introducing the PXR(-/-) allele into the ob/ob background also improved body composition and relieved the diabetic phenotype. The ob/ob mice deficient of PXR showed increased oxygen consumption and energy expenditure, as well as inhibition of gluconeogenesis and increased rate of glucose disposal during euglycemic clamp. Mechanistically, the metabolic benefits of PXR ablation were associated with the inhibition of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase activation and downregulation of lipin-1, a novel PXR target gene. The metabolic benefit of PXR ablation was opposite to the reported prodiabetic effect of CAR ablation. Our results may help to establish PXR as a novel therapeutic target, and PXR antagonists may be used for the prevention and treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes.
The pregnane X receptor (PXR), along with its sister receptor constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), was initially characterized as a xenobiotic receptor that regulates drug metabolism. In this study, we have uncovered an unexpected endobiotic role of PXR in obesity and type 2 diabetes. PXR ablation inhibited high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity, hepatic steatosis, and insulin resistance, which were accounted for by increased oxygen consumption, increased mitochondrial β-oxidation, inhibition of hepatic lipogenesis and inflammation, and sensitization of insulin signaling. In an independent model, introducing the PXR(-/-) allele into the ob/ob background also improved body composition and relieved the diabetic phenotype. The ob/ob mice deficient of PXR showed increased oxygen consumption and energy expenditure, as well as inhibition of gluconeogenesis and increased rate of glucose disposal during euglycemic clamp. Mechanistically, the metabolic benefits of PXR ablation were associated with the inhibition of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase activation and downregulation of lipin-1, a novel PXR target gene. The metabolic benefit of PXR ablation was opposite to the reported prodiabetic effect of CAR ablation. Our results may help to establish PXR as a novel therapeutic target, and PXR antagonists may be used for the prevention and treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes.The pregnane X receptor (PXR), along with its sister receptor constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), was initially characterized as a xenobiotic receptor that regulates drug metabolism. In this study, we have uncovered an unexpected endobiotic role of PXR in obesity and type 2 diabetes. PXR ablation inhibited high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity, hepatic steatosis, and insulin resistance, which were accounted for by increased oxygen consumption, increased mitochondrial β-oxidation, inhibition of hepatic lipogenesis and inflammation, and sensitization of insulin signaling. In an independent model, introducing the PXR(-/-) allele into the ob/ob background also improved body composition and relieved the diabetic phenotype. The ob/ob mice deficient of PXR showed increased oxygen consumption and energy expenditure, as well as inhibition of gluconeogenesis and increased rate of glucose disposal during euglycemic clamp. Mechanistically, the metabolic benefits of PXR ablation were associated with the inhibition of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase activation and downregulation of lipin-1, a novel PXR target gene. The metabolic benefit of PXR ablation was opposite to the reported prodiabetic effect of CAR ablation. Our results may help to establish PXR as a novel therapeutic target, and PXR antagonists may be used for the prevention and treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes.
The pregnane X receptor (PXR), along with its sister receptor constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), was initially characterized as a xenobiotic receptor that regulates drug metabolism. In this study, we have uncovered an unexpected endobiotic role of PXR in obesity and type 2 diabetes. PXR ablation inhibited high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity, hepatic steatosis, and insulin resistance, which were accounted for by increased oxygen consumption, increased mitochondrial [beta]-oxidation, inhibition of hepatic lipogenesis and inflammation, and sensitization of insulin signaling. In an independent model, introducing the PXR(-/-) allele into the ob/ob background also improved body composition and relieved the diabetic phenotype. The ob/ob mice deficient of PXR showed increased oxygen consumption and energy expenditure, as well as inhibition of gluconeogenesis and increased rate of glucose disposal during euglycemic clamp. Mechanistically, the metabolic benefits of PXR ablation were associated with the inhibition of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase activation and downregulation of lipin-1, a novel PXR target gene. The metabolic benefit of PXR ablation was opposite to the reported prodiabetic effect of CAR ablation. Our results may help to establish PXR as a novel therapeutic target, and PXR antagonists may be used for the prevention and treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes.
The pregnane X receptor (PXR), along with its sister receptor constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), was initially characterized as a xenobiotic receptor that regulates drug metabolism. In this study, we have uncovered an unexpected endobiotic role of PXR in obesity and type 2 diabetes. PXR ablation inhibited high-fat diet (HFD)--induced obesity, hepatic steatosis, and insulin resistance, which were accounted for by increased oxygen consumption, increased mitochondrial β-oxidation, inhibition of hepatic lipogenesis and inflammation, and sensitization of insulin signaling. In an independent model, introducing the [PXR.sup.-/-] allele into the ob/ob background also improved body composition and relieved the diabetic phenotype. The ob/ob mice deficient of PXR showed increased oxygen consumption and energy expenditure, as well as inhibition of gluconeogenesis and increased rate of glucose disposal during euglycemic clamp. Mechanistically, the metabolic benefits of PXR ablation were associated with the inhibition of c-Jun N[H.sub.2]-terminal kinase activation and downregulation of lipin-1, a novel PXR target gene. The metabolic benefit of PXR ablation was opposite to the reported prodiabetic effect of CAR ablation. Our results may help to establish PXR as a novel therapeutic target, and PXR antagonists may be used for the prevention and treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes.
The pregnane X receptor (PXR), along with its sister receptor constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), was initially characterized as a xenobiotic receptor that regulates drug metabolism. In this study, we have uncovered an unexpected endobiotic role of PXR in obesity and type 2 diabetes. PXR ablation inhibited high-fat diet (HFD)–induced obesity, hepatic steatosis, and insulin resistance, which were accounted for by increased oxygen consumption, increased mitochondrial β-oxidation, inhibition of hepatic lipogenesis and inflammation, and sensitization of insulin signaling. In an independent model, introducing the PXR−/− allele into the ob/ob background also improved body composition and relieved the diabetic phenotype. The ob/ob mice deficient of PXR showed increased oxygen consumption and energy expenditure, as well as inhibition of gluconeogenesis and increased rate of glucose disposal during euglycemic clamp. Mechanistically, the metabolic benefits of PXR ablation were associated with the inhibition of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase activation and downregulation of lipin-1, a novel PXR target gene. The metabolic benefit of PXR ablation was opposite to the reported prodiabetic effect of CAR ablation. Our results may help to establish PXR as a novel therapeutic target, and PXR antagonists may be used for the prevention and treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes.
The pregnane X receptor (PXR), along with its sister receptor constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), was initially characterized as a xenobiotic receptor that regulates drug metabolism. In this study, we have uncovered an unexpected endobiotic role of PXR in obesity and type 2 diabetes. PXR ablation inhibited high-fat diet (HFD)–induced obesity, hepatic steatosis, and insulin resistance, which were accounted for by increased oxygen consumption, increased mitochondrial β-oxidation, inhibition of hepatic lipogenesis and inflammation, and sensitization of insulin signaling. In an independent model, introducing the PXR −/− allele into the ob / ob background also improved body composition and relieved the diabetic phenotype. The ob / ob mice deficient of PXR showed increased oxygen consumption and energy expenditure, as well as inhibition of gluconeogenesis and increased rate of glucose disposal during euglycemic clamp. Mechanistically, the metabolic benefits of PXR ablation were associated with the inhibition of c-Jun NH 2 -terminal kinase activation and downregulation of lipin-1, a novel PXR target gene. The metabolic benefit of PXR ablation was opposite to the reported prodiabetic effect of CAR ablation. Our results may help to establish PXR as a novel therapeutic target, and PXR antagonists may be used for the prevention and treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes.
Audience Professional
Author Ren, Songrong
He, Jinhan
Xie, Wen
Xu, Meishu
Stefanovic-Racic, Maja
O'Doherty, Robert Martin
Gao, Jie
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  surname: He
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  organization: Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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  givenname: Jie
  surname: Gao
  fullname: Gao, Jie
  organization: Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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  givenname: Meishu
  surname: Xu
  fullname: Xu, Meishu
  organization: Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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  givenname: Songrong
  surname: Ren
  fullname: Ren, Songrong
  organization: Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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  givenname: Maja
  surname: Stefanovic-Racic
  fullname: Stefanovic-Racic, Maja
  organization: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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  givenname: Robert Martin
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  fullname: O'Doherty, Robert Martin
  organization: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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  givenname: Wen
  surname: Xie
  fullname: Xie, Wen
  organization: Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23349477$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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ClassificationCodes 2831720
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright 2014 INIST-CNRS
COPYRIGHT 2013 American Diabetes Association
COPYRIGHT 2013 American Diabetes Association
Copyright American Diabetes Association Jun 2013
2013 by the American Diabetes Association. 2013
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IsDoiOpenAccess true
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Issue 6
Keywords Endocrinopathy
Obesity
Diabetes mellitus
Rodentia
Nutrition disorder
Metabolic diseases
Ablation
Feeding
Target tissue resistance
Vertebrata
Mammalia
Diet
Mouse
Animal
Genetics
Insulin resistance
Nutritional status
Language English
License CC BY 4.0
Readers may use this article as long as the work is properly cited, the use is educational and not for profit, and the work is not altered. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ for details.
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PublicationTitle Diabetes (New York, N.Y.)
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Snippet The pregnane X receptor (PXR), along with its sister receptor constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), was initially characterized as a xenobiotic receptor that...
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StartPage 1876
SubjectTerms Ablation
Adipocytes
Analysis
Animals
Biological and medical sciences
Blotting, Western
Body composition
Calorimetry
Cellular proteins
Diabetes
Diabetes. Impaired glucose tolerance
Diet
Diet, High-Fat - adverse effects
Endocrine pancreas. Apud cells (diseases)
Endocrinopathies
Enzymes
Etiopathogenesis. Screening. Investigations. Target tissue resistance
Fatty acids
Glucose
Glucose Tolerance Test
Homeostasis
Hyperglycemia
Insulin resistance
Insulin Resistance - genetics
Insulin Resistance - physiology
Kinases
Medical sciences
Metabolic diseases
Metabolism
Mice
Obesity
Obesity - etiology
Obesity - genetics
Obesity - surgery
Original Research
Oxidation
Physiological aspects
Receptors, Steroid - genetics
Receptors, Steroid - metabolism
Title PXR Ablation Alleviates Diet-Induced and Genetic Obesity and Insulin Resistance in Mice
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23349477
https://www.proquest.com/docview/1426056951
https://www.proquest.com/docview/1355480011
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC3661619
Volume 62
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