Gut-dependent microbial translocation induces inflammation and cardiovascular events after ST-elevation myocardial infarction

• Published in: Microbiome Vol. 6; no. 1; pp. 66 - 17
• Main Authors: Zhou, Xin, Li, Jing, Guo, Junli, Geng, Bin, Ji, Wenjie, Zhao, Qian, Li, Jinlong, Liu, Xinlin, Liu, Junxiang, Guo, Zhaozeng, Cai, Wei, Ma, Yongqiang, Ren, Dong, Miao, Jun, Chen, Shaobo, Zhang, Zhuoli, Chen, Junru, Zhong, Jiuchang, Liu, Wenbin, Zou, Minghui, Li, Yuming, Cai, Jun
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London BioMed Central 03.04.2018; BioMed Central Ltd; BMC
• Subjects: Aged; Analysis; Bacteria; Biodiversity; Bioinformatics; Biomarkers; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Biomedicine; Cardiovascular Diseases - etiology; Cardiovascular Diseases - metabolism; Cardiovascular Diseases - physiopathology; Cardiovascular outcome; Case-Control Studies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Gut permeability; Heart attack; Humans; Inflammation; Inflammation - etiology; Inflammation - metabolism; Inflammation - pathology; Lactates; Male; Medical Microbiology; Microbial Ecology; Microbial Genetics and Genomics; Microbial translocation; Microbiology; Microbiota (Symbiotic organisms); Middle Aged; Myocardial infarction; Permeability; Prevention; ROC Curve; ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction - complications; ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction - metabolism; ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction - pathology; Type 2 diabetes; Ventricular Function, Left; Virology; Myocardial infarction; Gut permeability; Cardiovascular outcome; Microbial translocation
• ISSN: 2049-2618; 2049-2618
• DOI: 10.1186/s40168-018-0441-4

Background Post-infarction cardiovascular remodeling and heart failure are the leading cause of myocardial infarction (MI)-driven death during the past decades. Experimental observations have involved intestinal microbiota in the susceptibility to MI in mice; however, in humans, identifying whether translocation of gut bacteria to systemic circulation contributes to cardiovascular events post-MI remains a major challenge. Results Here, we carried out a metagenomic analysis to characterize the systemic bacteria in a cohort of 49 healthy control individuals, 50 stable coronary heart disease (CHD) subjects, and 100 ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients. We report for the first time higher microbial richness and diversity in the systemic microbiome of STEMI patients. More than 12% of post-STEMI blood bacteria were dominated by intestinal microbiota ( Lactobacillus , Bacteroides , and Streptococcus ). The significantly increased product of gut bacterial translocation (LPS and d -lactate) was correlated with systemic inflammation and predicted adverse cardiovascular events. Following experimental MI, compromised left ventricle (LV) function and intestinal hypoperfusion drove gut permeability elevation through tight junction protein suppression and intestinal mucosal injury. Upon abrogation of gut bacterial translocation by antibiotic treatment, both systemic inflammation and cardiomyocyte injury in MI mice were alleviated. Conclusions Our results provide the first evidence that cardiovascular outcomes post-MI are driven by intestinal microbiota translocation into systemic circulation. New therapeutic strategies targeting to protect the gut barrier and eliminate gut bacteria translocation may reduce or even prevent cardiovascular events post-MI.