ACE2 receptor polymorphism: Susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2, hypertension, multi-organ failure, and COVID-19 disease outcome

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has emerged in Chinese people in December 2019 and has currently spread worldwide causing the COVID-19 pandemic with more than 150,000 deaths. In order for a SARS-CoV like virus circulating in wild life for a very long time to infect...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inJournal of microbiology, immunology and infection Vol. 53; no. 3; pp. 425 - 435
Main Authors Devaux, Christian A., Rolain, Jean-Marc, Raoult, Didier
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published England Elsevier B.V 01.06.2020
Elsevier
Taiwan Society of Microbiology. Published by Elsevier Taiwan LLC
Subjects
ACE2
Amino Acid Sequence - genetics
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2
Bacteriology
Betacoronavirus - metabolism
Cardiac failure
Cardiology and cardiovascular system
Coronavirus Infections - pathology
COVID-19
Emerging diseases
Female
Genetic Predisposition to Disease - genetics
Heart Failure - virology
Human health and pathology
Humans
Hypertension
Infectious diseases
Life Sciences
Male
Microbiology and Parasitology
Mini Review
Multiple Organ Failure - virology
Pandemics
Parasitology
Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A - genetics
Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A - metabolism
Pneumonia, Viral - pathology
Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide - genetics
SARS-CoV-2
Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus - metabolism
Virology
Virus Attachment
COVID-19
Hypertension
Cardiac failure
ACE2
SARS-CoV-2
Online AccessGet full text

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Abstract The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has emerged in Chinese people in December 2019 and has currently spread worldwide causing the COVID-19 pandemic with more than 150,000 deaths. In order for a SARS-CoV like virus circulating in wild life for a very long time to infect the index case-patient, a number of conditions must be met, foremost among which is the encounter with humans and the presence in homo sapiens of a cellular receptor allowing the virus to bind. Recently it was shown that the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, binds to the human angiotensin I converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). This molecule is a peptidase expressed at the surface of lung epithelial cells and other tissues, that regulates the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Humans are not equal with respect to the expression levels of the cellular ACE2. Moreover, ACE2 polymorphisms were recently described in human populations. Here we review the most recent evidence that ACE2 expression and/or polymorphism could influence both the susceptibility of people to SARS-CoV-2 infection and the outcome of the COVID-19 disease. Further exploration of the relationship between the virus, the peptidase function of ACE2 and the levels of angiotensin II in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients should help to better understand the pathophysiology of the disease and the multi-organ failures observed in severe COVID-19 cases, particularly heart failure.
AbstractList The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has emerged in Chinese people in December 2019 and has currently spread worldwide causing the COVID-19 pandemic with more than 150,000 deaths. In order for a SARS-CoV like virus circulating in wild life for a very long time to infect the index case-patient, a number of conditions must be met, foremost among which is the encounter with humans and the presence in homo sapiens of a cellular receptor allowing the virus to bind. Recently it was shown that the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, binds to the human angiotensin I converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). This molecule is a peptidase expressed at the surface of lung epithelial cells and other tissues, that regulates the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Humans are not equal with respect to the expression levels of the cellular ACE2. Moreover, ACE2 polymorphisms were recently described in human populations. Here we review the most recent evidence that ACE2 expression and/or polymorphism could influence both the susceptibility of people to SARS-CoV-2 infection and the outcome of the COVID-19 disease. Further exploration of the relationship between the virus, the peptidase function of ACE2 and the levels of angiotensin II in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients should help to better understand the pathophysiology of the disease and the multi-organ failures observed in severe COVID-19 cases, particularly heart failure.
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has emerged in Chinese people in December 2019 and has currently spread worldwide causing the COVID-19 pandemic with more than 150,000 deaths. In order for a SARS-CoV like virus circulating in wild life for a very long time to infect the index case-patient, a number of conditions must be met, foremost among which is the encounter with humans and the presence in homo sapiens of a cellular receptor allowing the virus to bind. Recently it was shown that the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, binds to the human angiotensin I converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). This molecule is a peptidase expressed at the surface of lung epithelial cells and other tissues, that regulates the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Humans are not equal with respect to the expression levels of the cellular ACE2. Moreover, ACE2 polymorphisms were recently described in human populations. Here we review the most recent evidence that ACE2 expression and/or polymorphism could influence both the susceptibility of people to SARS-CoV-2 infection and the outcome of the COVID-19 disease. Further exploration of the relationship between the virus, the peptidase function of ACE2 and the levels of angiotensin II in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients should help to better understand the pathophysiology of the disease and the multi-organ failures observed in severe COVID-19 cases, particularly heart failure.The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has emerged in Chinese people in December 2019 and has currently spread worldwide causing the COVID-19 pandemic with more than 150,000 deaths. In order for a SARS-CoV like virus circulating in wild life for a very long time to infect the index case-patient, a number of conditions must be met, foremost among which is the encounter with humans and the presence in homo sapiens of a cellular receptor allowing the virus to bind. Recently it was shown that the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, binds to the human angiotensin I converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). This molecule is a peptidase expressed at the surface of lung epithelial cells and other tissues, that regulates the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Humans are not equal with respect to the expression levels of the cellular ACE2. Moreover, ACE2 polymorphisms were recently described in human populations. Here we review the most recent evidence that ACE2 expression and/or polymorphism could influence both the susceptibility of people to SARS-CoV-2 infection and the outcome of the COVID-19 disease. Further exploration of the relationship between the virus, the peptidase function of ACE2 and the levels of angiotensin II in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients should help to better understand the pathophysiology of the disease and the multi-organ failures observed in severe COVID-19 cases, particularly heart failure.
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has emerged in Chinese people in December 2019 and has currently spread worldwide causing the COVID-19 pandemic with more than 150,000 deaths. In order for a SARS-CoV like virus circulating in wild life for a very long time to infect the index case-patient, a number of conditions must be met, foremost among which is the encounter with humans and the presence in homo sapiens of a cellular receptor allowing the virus to bind. Recently it was shown that the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, binds to the human angiotensin I converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). This molecule is a peptidase expressed at the surface of lung epithelial cells and other tissues, that regulates the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Humans are not equal with respect to the expression levels of the cellular ACE2. Moreover, ACE2 polymorphisms were recently described in human populations. Here we review the most recent evidence that ACE2 expression and/or polymorphism could influence both the susceptibility of people to SARS-CoV-2 infection and the outcome of the COVID-19 disease. Further exploration of the relationship between the virus, the peptidase function of ACE2 and the levels of angiotensin II in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients should help to better understand the pathophysiology of the disease and the multi-organ failures observed in severe COVID-19 cases, particularly heart failure.
Author Raoult, Didier
Devaux, Christian A.
Rolain, Jean-Marc
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Christian A.
  surname: Devaux
  fullname: Devaux, Christian A.
  email: christian.devaux@mediterranee-infection.com
  organization: Aix-Marseille Université, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU–Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Jean-Marc
  surname: Rolain
  fullname: Rolain, Jean-Marc
  organization: Aix-Marseille Université, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU–Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Didier
  surname: Raoult
  fullname: Raoult, Didier
  organization: Aix-Marseille Université, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU–Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32414646$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
https://amu.hal.science/hal-03027655$$DView record in HAL
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Keywords COVID-19
Hypertension
Cardiac failure
ACE2
SARS-CoV-2
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Snippet The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has emerged in Chinese people in December 2019 and has currently spread worldwide causing the...
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SubjectTerms ACE2
Amino Acid Sequence - genetics
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2
Bacteriology
Betacoronavirus - metabolism
Cardiac failure
Cardiology and cardiovascular system
Coronavirus Infections - pathology
COVID-19
Emerging diseases
Female
Genetic Predisposition to Disease - genetics
Heart Failure - virology
Human health and pathology
Humans
Hypertension
Infectious diseases
Life Sciences
Male
Microbiology and Parasitology
Mini Review
Multiple Organ Failure - virology
Pandemics
Parasitology
Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A - genetics
Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A - metabolism
Pneumonia, Viral - pathology
Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide - genetics
SARS-CoV-2
Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus - metabolism
Virology
Virus Attachment
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Title ACE2 receptor polymorphism: Susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2, hypertension, multi-organ failure, and COVID-19 disease outcome
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