Differences in transportation and leisure physical activity by neighborhood design controlling for residential choice
•Different types of neighborhood design support different physical activities.•Neighborhood design was associated with participation in physical activity but not with the volume of physical activity undertaken.•Compared with curvilinear neighborhoods, neighborhoods with grid street patterns were mor...
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| Abstract | •Different types of neighborhood design support different physical activities.•Neighborhood design was associated with participation in physical activity but not with the volume of physical activity undertaken.•Compared with curvilinear neighborhoods, neighborhoods with grid street patterns were more likely to have their adult residents undertake transportation walking and cycling, leisure cycling, active transportation, and vigorous-intensity physical activity.•Compared with curvilinear neighborhoods, neighborhoods with warped-grid street patterns were more likely to have their adult residents undertake transportation cycling, active transportation, and vigorous-intensity physical activity.•After statistical adjustment for reasons of residential choice and other sociodemographic characteristics, neighborhood design was associated with physical activity.
Cross-sectional studies provide useful insight about the associations between the built environment and physical activity (PA), particularly when reasons for neighborhood choice are considered. Our study analyzed the relationship between levels of weekly transportation and leisure PA among 3 neighborhood designs, statistically adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics and reasons for neighborhood choice.
A stratified random sample of adults (age ≥20 years) living in Calgary (Canada) neighborhoods with different neighborhood designs (grid, warped-grid, and curvilinear) and socioeconomic status completed a self-administered questionnaire capturing PA, sociodemographic characteristics, and reasons for neighborhood choice (response rate = 10.1%; n = 1023). Generalized linear models estimated associations between neighborhood design and transportation and leisure PA outcomes (participation (any vs. none) and volume (metabolic equivalent: h/week)), adjusting for neighborhood socioeconomic status, sociodemographic characteristics (gender, age, ethnicity, education, household income, marital status, children, vehicle access, dog ownership, and injury), and reasons for neighborhood choice (e.g., proximity and quality of recreational and utilitarian destinations, proximity to work, highway access, aesthetics, and sense of community).
Overall, 854 participants had resided in their neighborhood for at least 12 months and provided complete data. Compared with those living in curvilinear neighborhoods, grid neighborhood participants had greater odds (p < 0.05) of participating in any transportation walking (odds ratio (OR) = 2.17), transportation and leisure cycling (OR = 2.39 and OR = 1.70), active transportation (OR = 2.16), and high-intensity leisure PA (≥6 metabolic equivalent; OR = 1.74), respectively. There were no neighborhood differences in the volume of any transportation or leisure PA undertaken. Adjustment for neighborhood selection had minimal impact on the statistical or practical importance of model estimates.
Neighborhood design is associated with PA patterns in adults, independent of reasons for neighborhood choice and sociodemographic factors.
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| AbstractList | •
Different types of neighborhood design support different physical activities.
•
Neighborhood design was associated with participation in physical activity but not with the volume of physical activity undertaken.
•
Compared with
curvilinear
neighborhoods, neighborhoods with
grid street patterns
were more likely to have their adult residents undertake transportation walking and cycling, leisure cycling, active transportation, and vigorous-intensity physical activity.
•
Compared with
curvilinear
neighborhoods, neighborhoods with
warped-grid street patterns
were more likely to have their adult residents undertake transportation cycling, active transportation, and vigorous-intensity physical activity.
•
After statistical adjustment for reasons of residential choice and other sociodemographic characteristics, neighborhood design was associated with physical activity.
Image, graphical abstract Background: Cross-sectional studies provide useful insight about the associations between the built environment and physical activity (PA), par-ticularly when reasons for neighborhood choice are considered. Our study analyzed the relationship between levels of weekly transportation and leisure PA among 3 neighborhood designs, statistically adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics and reasons for neighborhood choice. Methods: A stratified random sample of adults (age ≥20 years) living in Calgary (Canada) neighborhoods with different neighborhood designs (grid, warped-grid, and curvilinear) and socioeconomic status completed a self-administered questionnaire capturing PA, sociodemographic characteristics, and reasons for neighborhood choice (response rate = 10.1％; n = 1023). Generalized linear models estimated associations between neighborhood design and transportation and leisure PA outcomes (participation (any vs. none) and volume (metabolic equivalent:h/week)), adjusting for neighborhood socioeconomic status, sociodemographic characteristics (gender, age, ethnicity, education, household income, marital status, children, vehicle access, dog ownership, and injury), and reasons for neighborhood choice (e.g., proximity and quality of recreational and utilitarian destinations, proximity to work, highway access, aesthetics, and sense of community). Results: Overall, 854 participants had resided in their neighborhood for at least 12 months and provided complete data. Compared with those living in curvilinear neighborhoods, grid neighborhood participants had greater odds (p < 0.05) of participating in any transportation walking (odds ratio (OR) = 2.17), transportation and leisure cycling (OR = 2.39 and OR = 1.70), active transportation (OR = 2.16), and high-intensity leisure PA (≥6 metabolic equivalent; OR = 1.74), respectively. There were no neighborhood differences in the volume of any transportation or leisure PA undertaken. Adjustment for neighborhood selection had minimal impact on the statistical or practical importance of model estimates. Conclusion: Neighborhood design is associated with PA patterns in adults, independent of reasons for neighborhood choice and sociodemo-graphic factors. Background:Cross-sectional studies provide useful insight about the associations between the built environment and physical activity(PA),particularly when reasons for neighborhood choice are considered.Our study analyzed the relationship between levels of weekly transportation and leisure PA among 3 neighborhood designs,statistically adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics and reasons for neighborhood choice.Methods:A stratified random sample of adults(age>20 years)living in Calgary(Canada)neighborhoods with different neighborhood designs(grid,warped-grid,and curvilinear)and socioeconomic status completed a self-administered questionnaire capturing PA,sociodemographic characteristics,and reasons for neighborhood choice(response rate=10.1%;n=1023).Generalized linear models estimated associations between neighborhood design and transportation and leisure PA outcomes(participation(any vs.none)and volume(metabolic equivalent:h/week)),adjusting for neighborhood socioeconomic status,sociodemographic characteristics(gender,age,ethnicity,education,household income,marital status,children,vehicle access,dog ownership,and injury),and reasons for neighborhood choice(e.g.,proximity and quality of recreational and utilitarian destinations,proximity to work,highway access,aesthetics,and sense of community).Results:Overall,854 participants had resided in their neighborhood for at least 12 months and provided complete data.Compared with those living in curvilinear neighborhoods,grid neighborhood participants had greater odds(p<0.05)of participating in any transportation walking(odds ratio(OR)=2.17),transportation and leisure cycling(OR=2.39 and OR=1.70),active transportation(OR=2.16),and high-intensity leisure PA(≥6 metabolic equivalent;OR=1.74),respectively.There were no neighborhood differences in the volume of any transportation or leisure PA undertaken.Adjustment for neighborhood selection had minimal impact on the statistical or practical importance of model estimates.Conclusion:Neighborhood design is associated with PA patterns in adults,independent of reasons for neighborhood choice and sociodemogranhic factors. Cross-sectional studies provide useful insight about the associations between the built environment and physical activity (PA), particularly when reasons for neighborhood choice are considered. Our study analyzed the relationship between levels of weekly transportation and leisure PA among 3 neighborhood designs, statistically adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics and reasons for neighborhood choice. A stratified random sample of adults (age ≥20 years) living in Calgary (Canada) neighborhoods with different neighborhood designs (grid, warped-grid, and curvilinear) and socioeconomic status completed a self-administered questionnaire capturing PA, sociodemographic characteristics, and reasons for neighborhood choice (response rate = 10.1%; = 1023). Generalized linear models estimated associations between neighborhood design and transportation and leisure PA outcomes (participation (any none) and volume (metabolic equivalent: h/week)), adjusting for neighborhood socioeconomic status, sociodemographic characteristics (gender, age, ethnicity, education, household income, marital status, children, vehicle access, dog ownership, and injury), and reasons for neighborhood choice (e.g., proximity and quality of recreational and utilitarian destinations, proximity to work, highway access, aesthetics, and sense of community). Overall, 854 participants had resided in their neighborhood for at least 12 months and provided complete data. Compared with those living in curvilinear neighborhoods, grid neighborhood participants had greater odds ( < 0.05) of participating in any transportation walking (odds ratio (OR) = 2.17), transportation and leisure cycling (OR = 2.39 and OR = 1.70), active transportation (OR = 2.16), and high-intensity leisure PA (≥6 metabolic equivalent; OR = 1.74), respectively. There were no neighborhood differences in the volume of any transportation or leisure PA undertaken. Adjustment for neighborhood selection had minimal impact on the statistical or practical importance of model estimates. Neighborhood design is associated with PA patterns in adults, independent of reasons for neighborhood choice and sociodemographic factors. Background: Cross-sectional studies provide useful insight about the associations between the built environment and physical activity (PA), particularly when reasons for neighborhood choice are considered. Our study analyzed the relationship between levels of weekly transportation and leisure PA among 3 neighborhood designs, statistically adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics and reasons for neighborhood choice. Methods: A stratified random sample of adults (age ≥20 years) living in Calgary (Canada) neighborhoods with different neighborhood designs (grid, warped-grid, and curvilinear) and socioeconomic status completed a self-administered questionnaire capturing PA, sociodemographic characteristics, and reasons for neighborhood choice (response rate = 10.1%; n = 1023). Generalized linear models estimated associations between neighborhood design and transportation and leisure PA outcomes (participation (any vs. none) and volume (metabolic equivalent: h/week)), adjusting for neighborhood socioeconomic status, sociodemographic characteristics (gender, age, ethnicity, education, household income, marital status, children, vehicle access, dog ownership, and injury), and reasons for neighborhood choice (e.g., proximity and quality of recreational and utilitarian destinations, proximity to work, highway access, aesthetics, and sense of community). Results: Overall, 854 participants had resided in their neighborhood for at least 12 months and provided complete data. Compared with those living in curvilinear neighborhoods, grid neighborhood participants had greater odds (p < 0.05) of participating in any transportation walking (odds ratio (OR) = 2.17), transportation and leisure cycling (OR = 2.39 and OR = 1.70), active transportation (OR = 2.16), and high-intensity leisure PA (≥6 metabolic equivalent; OR = 1.74), respectively. There were no neighborhood differences in the volume of any transportation or leisure PA undertaken. Adjustment for neighborhood selection had minimal impact on the statistical or practical importance of model estimates. Conclusion: Neighborhood design is associated with PA patterns in adults, independent of reasons for neighborhood choice and sociodemographic factors. Keywords: Active transportation, Built environment, Self-selection, Urban design, Walkability Cross-sectional studies provide useful insight about the associations between the built environment and physical activity (PA), particularly when reasons for neighborhood choice are considered. Our study analyzed the relationship between levels of weekly transportation and leisure PA among 3 neighborhood designs, statistically adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics and reasons for neighborhood choice.BACKGROUNDCross-sectional studies provide useful insight about the associations between the built environment and physical activity (PA), particularly when reasons for neighborhood choice are considered. Our study analyzed the relationship between levels of weekly transportation and leisure PA among 3 neighborhood designs, statistically adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics and reasons for neighborhood choice.A stratified random sample of adults (age ≥20 years) living in Calgary (Canada) neighborhoods with different neighborhood designs (grid, warped-grid, and curvilinear) and socioeconomic status completed a self-administered questionnaire capturing PA, sociodemographic characteristics, and reasons for neighborhood choice (response rate = 10.1%; n = 1023). Generalized linear models estimated associations between neighborhood design and transportation and leisure PA outcomes (participation (any vs. none) and volume (metabolic equivalent: h/week)), adjusting for neighborhood socioeconomic status, sociodemographic characteristics (gender, age, ethnicity, education, household income, marital status, children, vehicle access, dog ownership, and injury), and reasons for neighborhood choice (e.g., proximity and quality of recreational and utilitarian destinations, proximity to work, highway access, aesthetics, and sense of community).METHODSA stratified random sample of adults (age ≥20 years) living in Calgary (Canada) neighborhoods with different neighborhood designs (grid, warped-grid, and curvilinear) and socioeconomic status completed a self-administered questionnaire capturing PA, sociodemographic characteristics, and reasons for neighborhood choice (response rate = 10.1%; n = 1023). Generalized linear models estimated associations between neighborhood design and transportation and leisure PA outcomes (participation (any vs. none) and volume (metabolic equivalent: h/week)), adjusting for neighborhood socioeconomic status, sociodemographic characteristics (gender, age, ethnicity, education, household income, marital status, children, vehicle access, dog ownership, and injury), and reasons for neighborhood choice (e.g., proximity and quality of recreational and utilitarian destinations, proximity to work, highway access, aesthetics, and sense of community).Overall, 854 participants had resided in their neighborhood for at least 12 months and provided complete data. Compared with those living in curvilinear neighborhoods, grid neighborhood participants had greater odds (p < 0.05) of participating in any transportation walking (odds ratio (OR) = 2.17), transportation and leisure cycling (OR = 2.39 and OR = 1.70), active transportation (OR = 2.16), and high-intensity leisure PA (≥6 metabolic equivalent; OR = 1.74), respectively. There were no neighborhood differences in the volume of any transportation or leisure PA undertaken. Adjustment for neighborhood selection had minimal impact on the statistical or practical importance of model estimates.RESULTSOverall, 854 participants had resided in their neighborhood for at least 12 months and provided complete data. Compared with those living in curvilinear neighborhoods, grid neighborhood participants had greater odds (p < 0.05) of participating in any transportation walking (odds ratio (OR) = 2.17), transportation and leisure cycling (OR = 2.39 and OR = 1.70), active transportation (OR = 2.16), and high-intensity leisure PA (≥6 metabolic equivalent; OR = 1.74), respectively. There were no neighborhood differences in the volume of any transportation or leisure PA undertaken. Adjustment for neighborhood selection had minimal impact on the statistical or practical importance of model estimates.Neighborhood design is associated with PA patterns in adults, independent of reasons for neighborhood choice and sociodemographic factors.CONCLUSIONNeighborhood design is associated with PA patterns in adults, independent of reasons for neighborhood choice and sociodemographic factors. •Different types of neighborhood design support different physical activities.•Neighborhood design was associated with participation in physical activity but not with the volume of physical activity undertaken.•Compared with curvilinear neighborhoods, neighborhoods with grid street patterns were more likely to have their adult residents undertake transportation walking and cycling, leisure cycling, active transportation, and vigorous-intensity physical activity.•Compared with curvilinear neighborhoods, neighborhoods with warped-grid street patterns were more likely to have their adult residents undertake transportation cycling, active transportation, and vigorous-intensity physical activity.•After statistical adjustment for reasons of residential choice and other sociodemographic characteristics, neighborhood design was associated with physical activity. Cross-sectional studies provide useful insight about the associations between the built environment and physical activity (PA), particularly when reasons for neighborhood choice are considered. Our study analyzed the relationship between levels of weekly transportation and leisure PA among 3 neighborhood designs, statistically adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics and reasons for neighborhood choice. A stratified random sample of adults (age ≥20 years) living in Calgary (Canada) neighborhoods with different neighborhood designs (grid, warped-grid, and curvilinear) and socioeconomic status completed a self-administered questionnaire capturing PA, sociodemographic characteristics, and reasons for neighborhood choice (response rate = 10.1%; n = 1023). Generalized linear models estimated associations between neighborhood design and transportation and leisure PA outcomes (participation (any vs. none) and volume (metabolic equivalent: h/week)), adjusting for neighborhood socioeconomic status, sociodemographic characteristics (gender, age, ethnicity, education, household income, marital status, children, vehicle access, dog ownership, and injury), and reasons for neighborhood choice (e.g., proximity and quality of recreational and utilitarian destinations, proximity to work, highway access, aesthetics, and sense of community). Overall, 854 participants had resided in their neighborhood for at least 12 months and provided complete data. Compared with those living in curvilinear neighborhoods, grid neighborhood participants had greater odds (p < 0.05) of participating in any transportation walking (odds ratio (OR) = 2.17), transportation and leisure cycling (OR = 2.39 and OR = 1.70), active transportation (OR = 2.16), and high-intensity leisure PA (≥6 metabolic equivalent; OR = 1.74), respectively. There were no neighborhood differences in the volume of any transportation or leisure PA undertaken. Adjustment for neighborhood selection had minimal impact on the statistical or practical importance of model estimates. Neighborhood design is associated with PA patterns in adults, independent of reasons for neighborhood choice and sociodemographic factors. [Display omitted] |
| Author | Friedenreich, Christine M. Farkas, Brenlea Oka, Koichiro Alaniz, Francisco Uribe Blackstaffe, Anita Koohsari, Mohammad Javad McCormack, Gavin R. |
| AuthorAffiliation | Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4Z6, Canada;School of Architecture, Planning and Landscape, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada%Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokyo, 169-8050, Japan;Behavioural Epidemiology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia;Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia%Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokyo, 169-8050, Japan%Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4Z6, Canada;Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, CancerControl Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, T2S 3C3, Canada%Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4Z6, Canada%School of Architecture, Planning and Landscape, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4Z6, Canada;School of Architecture, Planning and Landscape, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada%Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokyo, 169-8050, Japan;Behavioural Epidemiology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia;Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia%Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokyo, 169-8050, Japan%Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4Z6, Canada;Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, CancerControl Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, T2S 3C3, Canada%Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4Z6, Canada%School of Architecture, Planning and Landscape, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada – name: a Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4Z6, Canada – name: e Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia – name: d Behavioural Epidemiology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia – name: f Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, CancerControl Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, T2S 3C3, Canada – name: b School of Architecture, Planning and Landscape, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada – name: c Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokyo, 169-8050, Japan |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Gavin R. surname: McCormack fullname: McCormack, Gavin R. email: gmccorma@ucalgary.ca organization: Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4Z6, Canada – sequence: 2 givenname: Mohammad Javad surname: Koohsari fullname: Koohsari, Mohammad Javad organization: Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokyo, 169-8050, Japan – sequence: 3 givenname: Koichiro surname: Oka fullname: Oka, Koichiro organization: Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokyo, 169-8050, Japan – sequence: 4 givenname: Christine M. surname: Friedenreich fullname: Friedenreich, Christine M. organization: Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4Z6, Canada – sequence: 5 givenname: Anita surname: Blackstaffe fullname: Blackstaffe, Anita organization: Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4Z6, Canada – sequence: 6 givenname: Francisco Uribe surname: Alaniz fullname: Alaniz, Francisco Uribe organization: School of Architecture, Planning and Landscape, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada – sequence: 7 givenname: Brenlea surname: Farkas fullname: Farkas, Brenlea organization: Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4Z6, Canada |
| BackLink | https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1870020693112771968$$DView record in CiNii https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31720064$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1016_j_wss_2020_100014 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_trd_2023_103630 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_healthplace_2022_102859 crossref_primary_10_1080_23748834_2021_1979759 crossref_primary_10_2478_logi_2019_0010 crossref_primary_10_1249_MSS_0000000000003450 crossref_primary_10_4236_gep_2025_131007 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_apgeog_2022_102755 |
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| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | 2019 2019 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Shanghai University of Sport. Copyright © Wanfang Data Co. Ltd. All Rights Reserved. 2019 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Shanghai University of Sport. 2019 |
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| GrantInformation_xml | – fundername: This study was part of the Pathways to Health project funded by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research; by a CIHR Foundations Scheme Grant (FDN-154331). Gavin McCormack was supported by a CIHR New Investigator Award (MSH-130162). Mohammad Javad Kooh-sari was supported by a JSPS Postdoctoral Fellowship for Research in Japan (#17716) from the Japan Society for the Pro-motion of Science. Koichiro Oka is; the Japan Ministry of Educa-tion, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology funderid: (CIHR, MOP-126133); (2015à2019); (S1511017) |
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| Keywords | Active transportation Built environment Walkability Urban design Self-selection |
| Language | English |
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| PublicationTitle | Journal of Sport and Health Science |
| PublicationTitleAlternate | J Sport Health Sci |
| PublicationTitle_FL | JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE(JSHS) |
| PublicationYear | 2019 |
| Publisher | Elsevier B.V Elsevier BV 上海体育大学 Behavioural Epidemiology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, CancerControl Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, T2S 3C3, Canada%Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4Z6, Canada%School of Architecture, Planning and Landscape, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada School of Architecture, Planning and Landscape, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada%Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokyo, 169-8050, Japan Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4Z6, Canada Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia%Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokyo, 169-8050, Japan%Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4Z6, Canada Shanghai University of Sport Elsevier |
| Publisher_xml | – name: Elsevier B.V – name: Elsevier BV – name: 上海体育大学 – name: Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia%Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokyo, 169-8050, Japan%Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4Z6, Canada – name: Behavioural Epidemiology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia – name: School of Architecture, Planning and Landscape, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada%Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokyo, 169-8050, Japan – name: Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4Z6, Canada – name: Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, CancerControl Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, T2S 3C3, Canada%Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4Z6, Canada%School of Architecture, Planning and Landscape, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada – name: Shanghai University of Sport – name: Elsevier |
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| Snippet | •Different types of neighborhood design support different physical activities.•Neighborhood design was associated with participation in physical activity but... Cross-sectional studies provide useful insight about the associations between the built environment and physical activity (PA), particularly when reasons for... Background:Cross-sectional studies provide useful insight about the associations between the built environment and physical activity(PA),particularly when... Background: Cross-sectional studies provide useful insight about the associations between the built environment and physical activity (PA), par-ticularly when... • Different types of neighborhood design support different physical activities. • Neighborhood design was associated with participation in physical activity... Background: Cross-sectional studies provide useful insight about the associations between the built environment and physical activity (PA), particularly when... |
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| Title | Differences in transportation and leisure physical activity by neighborhood design controlling for residential choice |
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