The Role of Inflammation in the Pathogenesis of Osteoarthritis

• Published in: Mediators of inflammation Vol. 2020; no. 2020; pp. 1 - 19
• Main Authors: Chow, Yoke Yue, Chin, Kok-Yong
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Cairo, Egypt Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2020; Hindawi; John Wiley & Sons, Inc; Wiley
• Subjects: 1-Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; Age; Aging; AKT protein; Animals; Arthritis; B cells; Cartilage; Chemokines; Collagen; Collagenase; Collagenase 3; Cytokines; Enzymes; Extracellular matrix; Gene expression; Geriatrics; Health care; Humans; IL-1β; Inflammation; Inflammation - metabolism; Inflammation - pathology; Interleukin 1; Interleukin-1beta - metabolism; Interleukins; Joint diseases; Joint replacement surgery; Joint surgery; Lymphocytes; Lymphocytes B; MAP kinase; Matrix metalloproteinase; Matrix Metalloproteinase 13 - economics; Matrix Metalloproteinase 13 - metabolism; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases - genetics; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases - metabolism; Mitogens; NF-kappa B - genetics; NF-kappa B - metabolism; NF-κB protein; Osteoarthritis; Pathogenesis; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases - genetics; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases - metabolism; Physiological aspects; Review; Signal transduction; Studies; Tumor necrosis factor-TNF
• ISSN: 0962-9351; 1466-1861; 1466-1861
• DOI: 10.1155/2020/8293921

A joint is the point of connection between two bones in our body. Inflammation of the joint leads to several diseases, including osteoarthritis, which is the concern of this review. Osteoarthritis is a common chronic debilitating joint disease mainly affecting the elderly. Several studies showed that inflammation triggered by factors like biomechanical stress is involved in the development of osteoarthritis. This stimulates the release of early-stage inflammatory cytokines like interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), which in turn induces the activation of signaling pathways, such as nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT), and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). These events, in turn, generate more inflammatory molecules. Subsequently, collagenase like matrix metalloproteinases-13 (MMP-13) will degrade the extracellular matrix. As a result, anatomical and physiological functions of the joint are altered. This review is aimed at summarizing the previous studies highlighting the involvement of inflammation in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis.