Constraints and advances in high-solids enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass: a critical review

The industrial production of sugar syrups from lignocellulosic materials requires the conduction of the enzymatic hydrolysis step at high-solids loadings (i.e., with over 15% solids [w/w] in the reaction mixture). Such conditions result in sugar syrups with increased concentrations and in improvemen...

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Published inBiotechnology for biofuels Vol. 13; no. 1; p. 58
Main Authors da Silva, Ayla Sant’Ana, Espinheira, Roberta Pereira, Teixeira, Ricardo Sposina Sobral, de Souza, Marcella Fernandes, Ferreira-Leitão, Viridiana, Bon, Elba P. S.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published England BioMed Central Ltd 23.03.2020
BioMed Central
BMC
Subjects
adsorption
biofuels
Biomass
capital
Cellulases inhibition
Cellulolytic enzymes
Cellulose
Chemical properties
Chemicals
Conduction
Costs
economic feasibility
Enzymatic hydrolysis
Enzyme engineering
Enzymes
Ethanol
Fed-batch strategy
feedstocks
Formulations
Glucan
glucans
Glucose
Heat transfer
High solids loading
Hydrolysis
Impellers
Industrial production
Lignin
Lignocellulose
Lignocellulosic biomass
Materials
Methods
NMR
Nuclear magnetic resonance
Plant biomass
Pretreatment
Product inhibition
Production processes
Review
Rheological properties
Scientific papers
Solids
Sugar
sugars
Syrups
Water constraint
Brazil
Cellulosic ethanol
Biomass sugar syrups
Cellulases inhibition
Fed-batch strategy
Enzymatic hydrolysis
Water constraint
Biorefinery
Enzymatic hydrolysis reactors
Lignocellulosic biomass
High solids loading
Online AccessGet full text

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Abstract The industrial production of sugar syrups from lignocellulosic materials requires the conduction of the enzymatic hydrolysis step at high-solids loadings (i.e., with over 15% solids [w/w] in the reaction mixture). Such conditions result in sugar syrups with increased concentrations and in improvements in both capital and operational costs, making the process more economically feasible. However, this approach still poses several technical hindrances that impact the process efficiency, known as the “high-solids effect” (i.e., the decrease in glucan conversion yields as solids load increases). The purpose of this review was to present the findings on the main limitations and advances in high-solids enzymatic hydrolysis in an updated and comprehensive manner. The causes for the rheological limitations at the onset of the high-solids operation as well as those influencing the “high-solids effect” will be discussed. The subject of water constraint, which results in a highly viscous system and impairs mixing, and by extension, mass and heat transfer, will be analyzed under the perspective of the limitations imposed to the action of the cellulolytic enzymes. The “high-solids effect” will be further discussed vis-à-vis enzymes end-product inhibition and the inhibitory effect of compounds formed during the biomass pretreatment as well as the enzymes’ unproductive adsorption to lignin. This review also presents the scientific and technological advances being introduced to lessen high-solids hydrolysis hindrances, such as the development of more efficient enzyme formulations, biomass and enzyme feeding strategies, reactor and impeller designs as well as process strategies to alleviate the end-product inhibition. We surveyed the academic literature in the form of scientific papers as well as patents to showcase the efforts on technological development and industrial implementation of the use of lignocellulosic materials as renewable feedstocks. Using a critical approach, we expect that this review will aid in the identification of areas with higher demand for scientific and technological efforts.
AbstractList Abstract The industrial production of sugar syrups from lignocellulosic materials requires the conduction of the enzymatic hydrolysis step at high-solids loadings (i.e., with over 15% solids [w/w] in the reaction mixture). Such conditions result in sugar syrups with increased concentrations and in improvements in both capital and operational costs, making the process more economically feasible. However, this approach still poses several technical hindrances that impact the process efficiency, known as the “high-solids effect” (i.e., the decrease in glucan conversion yields as solids load increases). The purpose of this review was to present the findings on the main limitations and advances in high-solids enzymatic hydrolysis in an updated and comprehensive manner. The causes for the rheological limitations at the onset of the high-solids operation as well as those influencing the “high-solids effect” will be discussed. The subject of water constraint, which results in a highly viscous system and impairs mixing, and by extension, mass and heat transfer, will be analyzed under the perspective of the limitations imposed to the action of the cellulolytic enzymes. The “high-solids effect” will be further discussed vis-à-vis enzymes end-product inhibition and the inhibitory effect of compounds formed during the biomass pretreatment as well as the enzymes’ unproductive adsorption to lignin. This review also presents the scientific and technological advances being introduced to lessen high-solids hydrolysis hindrances, such as the development of more efficient enzyme formulations, biomass and enzyme feeding strategies, reactor and impeller designs as well as process strategies to alleviate the end-product inhibition. We surveyed the academic literature in the form of scientific papers as well as patents to showcase the efforts on technological development and industrial implementation of the use of lignocellulosic materials as renewable feedstocks. Using a critical approach, we expect that this review will aid in the identification of areas with higher demand for scientific and technological efforts.
The industrial production of sugar syrups from lignocellulosic materials requires the conduction of the enzymatic hydrolysis step at high-solids loadings (i.e., with over 15% solids [w/w] in the reaction mixture). Such conditions result in sugar syrups with increased concentrations and in improvements in both capital and operational costs, making the process more economically feasible. However, this approach still poses several technical hindrances that impact the process efficiency, known as the "high-solids effect" (i.e., the decrease in glucan conversion yields as solids load increases). The purpose of this review was to present the findings on the main limitations and advances in high-solids enzymatic hydrolysis in an updated and comprehensive manner. The causes for the rheological limitations at the onset of the high-solids operation as well as those influencing the "high-solids effect" will be discussed. The subject of water constraint, which results in a highly viscous system and impairs mixing, and by extension, mass and heat transfer, will be analyzed under the perspective of the limitations imposed to the action of the cellulolytic enzymes. The "high-solids effect" will be further discussed vis-à-vis enzymes end-product inhibition and the inhibitory effect of compounds formed during the biomass pretreatment as well as the enzymes' unproductive adsorption to lignin. This review also presents the scientific and technological advances being introduced to lessen high-solids hydrolysis hindrances, such as the development of more efficient enzyme formulations, biomass and enzyme feeding strategies, reactor and impeller designs as well as process strategies to alleviate the end-product inhibition. We surveyed the academic literature in the form of scientific papers as well as patents to showcase the efforts on technological development and industrial implementation of the use of lignocellulosic materials as renewable feedstocks. Using a critical approach, we expect that this review will aid in the identification of areas with higher demand for scientific and technological efforts.
The industrial production of sugar syrups from lignocellulosic materials requires the conduction of the enzymatic hydrolysis step at high-solids loadings (i.e., with over 15% solids [w/w] in the reaction mixture). Such conditions result in sugar syrups with increased concentrations and in improvements in both capital and operational costs, making the process more economically feasible. However, this approach still poses several technical hindrances that impact the process efficiency, known as the "high-solids effect" (i.e., the decrease in glucan conversion yields as solids load increases). The purpose of this review was to present the findings on the main limitations and advances in high-solids enzymatic hydrolysis in an updated and comprehensive manner. The causes for the rheological limitations at the onset of the high-solids operation as well as those influencing the "high-solids effect" will be discussed. The subject of water constraint, which results in a highly viscous system and impairs mixing, and by extension, mass and heat transfer, will be analyzed under the perspective of the limitations imposed to the action of the cellulolytic enzymes. The "high-solids effect" will be further discussed vis-à-vis enzymes end-product inhibition and the inhibitory effect of compounds formed during the biomass pretreatment as well as the enzymes' unproductive adsorption to lignin. This review also presents the scientific and technological advances being introduced to lessen high-solids hydrolysis hindrances, such as the development of more efficient enzyme formulations, biomass and enzyme feeding strategies, reactor and impeller designs as well as process strategies to alleviate the end-product inhibition. We surveyed the academic literature in the form of scientific papers as well as patents to showcase the efforts on technological development and industrial implementation of the use of lignocellulosic materials as renewable feedstocks. Using a critical approach, we expect that this review will aid in the identification of areas with higher demand for scientific and technological efforts.The industrial production of sugar syrups from lignocellulosic materials requires the conduction of the enzymatic hydrolysis step at high-solids loadings (i.e., with over 15% solids [w/w] in the reaction mixture). Such conditions result in sugar syrups with increased concentrations and in improvements in both capital and operational costs, making the process more economically feasible. However, this approach still poses several technical hindrances that impact the process efficiency, known as the "high-solids effect" (i.e., the decrease in glucan conversion yields as solids load increases). The purpose of this review was to present the findings on the main limitations and advances in high-solids enzymatic hydrolysis in an updated and comprehensive manner. The causes for the rheological limitations at the onset of the high-solids operation as well as those influencing the "high-solids effect" will be discussed. The subject of water constraint, which results in a highly viscous system and impairs mixing, and by extension, mass and heat transfer, will be analyzed under the perspective of the limitations imposed to the action of the cellulolytic enzymes. The "high-solids effect" will be further discussed vis-à-vis enzymes end-product inhibition and the inhibitory effect of compounds formed during the biomass pretreatment as well as the enzymes' unproductive adsorption to lignin. This review also presents the scientific and technological advances being introduced to lessen high-solids hydrolysis hindrances, such as the development of more efficient enzyme formulations, biomass and enzyme feeding strategies, reactor and impeller designs as well as process strategies to alleviate the end-product inhibition. We surveyed the academic literature in the form of scientific papers as well as patents to showcase the efforts on technological development and industrial implementation of the use of lignocellulosic materials as renewable feedstocks. Using a critical approach, we expect that this review will aid in the identification of areas with higher demand for scientific and technological efforts.
The industrial production of sugar syrups from lignocellulosic materials requires the conduction of the enzymatic hydrolysis step at high-solids loadings (i.e., with over 15% solids [w/w] in the reaction mixture). Such conditions result in sugar syrups with increased concentrations and in improvements in both capital and operational costs, making the process more economically feasible. However, this approach still poses several technical hindrances that impact the process efficiency, known as the "high-solids effect" (i.e., the decrease in glucan conversion yields as solids load increases). The purpose of this review was to present the findings on the main limitations and advances in high-solids enzymatic hydrolysis in an updated and comprehensive manner. The causes for the rheological limitations at the onset of the high-solids operation as well as those influencing the "high-solids effect" will be discussed. The subject of water constraint, which results in a highly viscous system and impairs mixing, and by extension, mass and heat transfer, will be analyzed under the perspective of the limitations imposed to the action of the cellulolytic enzymes. The "high-solids effect" will be further discussed vis-à-vis enzymes end-product inhibition and the inhibitory effect of compounds formed during the biomass pretreatment as well as the enzymes' unproductive adsorption to lignin. This review also presents the scientific and technological advances being introduced to lessen high-solids hydrolysis hindrances, such as the development of more efficient enzyme formulations, biomass and enzyme feeding strategies, reactor and impeller designs as well as process strategies to alleviate the end-product inhibition. We surveyed the academic literature in the form of scientific papers as well as patents to showcase the efforts on technological development and industrial implementation of the use of lignocellulosic materials as renewable feedstocks. Using a critical approach, we expect that this review will aid in the identification of areas with higher demand for scientific and technological efforts. Keywords: Lignocellulosic biomass, High solids loading, Enzymatic hydrolysis, Water constraint, Cellulases inhibition, Fed-batch strategy, Enzymatic hydrolysis reactors, Biomass sugar syrups, Biorefinery, Cellulosic ethanol
ArticleNumber 58
Audience Academic
Author da Silva, Ayla Sant’Ana
Espinheira, Roberta Pereira
Bon, Elba P. S.
de Souza, Marcella Fernandes
Ferreira-Leitão, Viridiana
Teixeira, Ricardo Sposina Sobral
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  givenname: Ayla Sant’Ana
  surname: da Silva
  fullname: da Silva, Ayla Sant’Ana
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Roberta Pereira
  surname: Espinheira
  fullname: Espinheira, Roberta Pereira
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Ricardo Sposina Sobral
  surname: Teixeira
  fullname: Teixeira, Ricardo Sposina Sobral
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Marcella Fernandes
  surname: de Souza
  fullname: de Souza, Marcella Fernandes
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Viridiana
  surname: Ferreira-Leitão
  fullname: Ferreira-Leitão, Viridiana
– sequence: 6
  givenname: Elba P. S.
  orcidid: 0000-0002-0385-5448
  surname: Bon
  fullname: Bon, Elba P. S.
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32211072$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Issue 1
Keywords Cellulosic ethanol
Biomass sugar syrups
Cellulases inhibition
Fed-batch strategy
Enzymatic hydrolysis
Water constraint
Biorefinery
Enzymatic hydrolysis reactors
Lignocellulosic biomass
High solids loading
Language English
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Snippet The industrial production of sugar syrups from lignocellulosic materials requires the conduction of the enzymatic hydrolysis step at high-solids loadings...
Abstract The industrial production of sugar syrups from lignocellulosic materials requires the conduction of the enzymatic hydrolysis step at high-solids...
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StartPage 58
SubjectTerms adsorption
biofuels
Biomass
capital
Cellulases inhibition
Cellulolytic enzymes
Cellulose
Chemical properties
Chemicals
Conduction
Costs
economic feasibility
Enzymatic hydrolysis
Enzyme engineering
Enzymes
Ethanol
Fed-batch strategy
feedstocks
Formulations
Glucan
glucans
Glucose
Heat transfer
High solids loading
Hydrolysis
Impellers
Industrial production
Lignin
Lignocellulose
Lignocellulosic biomass
Materials
Methods
NMR
Nuclear magnetic resonance
Plant biomass
Pretreatment
Product inhibition
Production processes
Review
Rheological properties
Scientific papers
Solids
Sugar
sugars
Syrups
Water constraint
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Title Constraints and advances in high-solids enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass: a critical review
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32211072
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