Epidemiology and clinical management of Legionnaires' disease
Legionnaires' disease is an important cause of community-acquired and hospital-acquired pneumonia. Although uncommon, Legionnaires' disease continues to cause disease outbreaks of public health significance. The disease is caused by any species of the Gram-negative aerobic bacteria belongi...
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| Published in | The Lancet infectious diseases Vol. 14; no. 10; pp. 1011 - 1021 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
London
Elsevier Ltd
01.10.2014
Lancet Publishing Group Elsevier Limited |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | Legionnaires' disease is an important cause of community-acquired and hospital-acquired pneumonia. Although uncommon, Legionnaires' disease continues to cause disease outbreaks of public health significance. The disease is caused by any species of the Gram-negative aerobic bacteria belonging to the genus Legionella; Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 is the causative agent of most cases in Europe. In this Review we outline the global epidemiology of Legionnaires' disease, summarise its diagnosis and management, and identify research gaps and priorities. Early clinical diagnosis and prompt initiation of appropriate antibiotics for Legionella spp in all patients with community-acquired or hospital-acquired pneumonias is a crucial measure for management of the disease. Progress in typing and sequencing technologies might additionally contribute to understanding the distribution and natural history of Legionnaires' disease, and inform outbreak investigations. Control of Legionnaires' disease outbreaks relies on rapid ascertainment of descriptive epidemiological data, combined with microbiological information to identify the source and implement control measures. Further research is required to define the actual burden of disease, factors that influence susceptibility, key sources of infection, and differences in virulence between strains of Legionella species. Other requirements are improved, specific, sensitive, and rapid diagnostic tests to accurately inform management of Legionnaires' disease, and controlled clinical trials to ascertain the optimum antibiotics for treatment. |
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| AbstractList | Summary Legionnaires' disease is an important cause of community-acquired and hospital-acquired pneumonia. Although uncommon, Legionnaires' disease continues to cause disease outbreaks of public health significance. The disease is caused by any species of the Gram-negative aerobic bacteria belonging to the genus Legionella ; Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 is the causative agent of most cases in Europe. In this Review we outline the global epidemiology of Legionnaires' disease, summarise its diagnosis and management, and identify research gaps and priorities. Early clinical diagnosis and prompt initiation of appropriate antibiotics for Legionella spp in all patients with community-acquired or hospital-acquired pneumonias is a crucial measure for management of the disease. Progress in typing and sequencing technologies might additionally contribute to understanding the distribution and natural history of Legionnaires' disease, and inform outbreak investigations. Control of Legionnaires' disease outbreaks relies on rapid ascertainment of descriptive epidemiological data, combined with microbiological information to identify the source and implement control measures. Further research is required to define the actual burden of disease, factors that influence susceptibility, key sources of infection, and differences in virulence between strains of Legionella species. Other requirements are improved, specific, sensitive, and rapid diagnostic tests to accurately inform management of Legionnaires' disease, and controlled clinical trials to ascertain the optimum antibiotics for treatment. Legionnaires' disease is an important cause of community-acquired and hospital-acquired pneumonia. Although uncommon, Legionnaires' disease continues to cause disease outbreaks of public health significance. The disease is caused by any species of the Gram-negative aerobic bacteria belonging to the genus Legionella; Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 is the causative agent of most cases in Europe. In this Review we outline the global epidemiology of Legionnaires' disease, summarise its diagnosis and management, and identify research gaps and priorities. Early clinical diagnosis and prompt initiation of appropriate antibiotics for Legionella spp in all patients with community-acquired or hospital-acquired pneumonias is a crucial measure for management of the disease. Progress in typing and sequencing technologies might additionally contribute to understanding the distribution and natural history of Legionnaires' disease, and inform outbreak investigations. Control of Legionnaires' disease outbreaks relies on rapid ascertainment of descriptive epidemiological data, combined with microbiological information to identify the source and implement control measures. Further research is required to define the actual burden of disease, factors that influence susceptibility, key sources of infection, and differences in virulence between strains of Legionella species. Other requirements are improved, specific, sensitive, and rapid diagnostic tests to accurately inform management of Legionnaires' disease, and controlled clinical trials to ascertain the optimum antibiotics for treatment. Legionnaires' disease is an important cause of community-acquired and hospital-acquired pneumonia. Although uncommon, Legionnaires' disease continues to cause disease outbreaks of public health significance. The disease is caused by any species of the Gram-negative aerobic bacteria belonging to the genus Legionella; Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 is the causative agent of most cases in Europe. In this Review we outline the global epidemiology of Legionnaires' disease, summarise its diagnosis and management, and identify research gaps and priorities. Early clinical diagnosis and prompt initiation of appropriate antibiotics for Legionella spp in all patients with community-acquired or hospital-acquired pneumonias is a crucial measure for management of the disease. Progress in typing and sequencing technologies might additionally contribute to understanding the distribution and natural history of Legionnaires' disease, and inform outbreak investigations. Control of Legionnaires' disease outbreaks relies on rapid ascertainment of descriptive epidemiological data, combined with microbiological information to identify the source and implement control measures. Further research is required to define the actual burden of disease, factors that influence susceptibility, key sources of infection, and differences in virulence between strains of Legionella species. Other requirements are improved, specific, sensitive, and rapid diagnostic tests to accurately inform management of Legionnaires' disease, and controlled clinical trials to ascertain the optimum antibiotics for treatment.Legionnaires' disease is an important cause of community-acquired and hospital-acquired pneumonia. Although uncommon, Legionnaires' disease continues to cause disease outbreaks of public health significance. The disease is caused by any species of the Gram-negative aerobic bacteria belonging to the genus Legionella; Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 is the causative agent of most cases in Europe. In this Review we outline the global epidemiology of Legionnaires' disease, summarise its diagnosis and management, and identify research gaps and priorities. Early clinical diagnosis and prompt initiation of appropriate antibiotics for Legionella spp in all patients with community-acquired or hospital-acquired pneumonias is a crucial measure for management of the disease. Progress in typing and sequencing technologies might additionally contribute to understanding the distribution and natural history of Legionnaires' disease, and inform outbreak investigations. Control of Legionnaires' disease outbreaks relies on rapid ascertainment of descriptive epidemiological data, combined with microbiological information to identify the source and implement control measures. Further research is required to define the actual burden of disease, factors that influence susceptibility, key sources of infection, and differences in virulence between strains of Legionella species. Other requirements are improved, specific, sensitive, and rapid diagnostic tests to accurately inform management of Legionnaires' disease, and controlled clinical trials to ascertain the optimum antibiotics for treatment. Legionnaires' disease is an important cause of community-acquired and hospital-acquired pneumonia. Although uncommon, Legionnaires' disease continues to cause disease outbreaks of public health significance. The disease is caused by any species of the Gram-negative aerobic bacteria belonging to the genusLegionella;Legionella pneumophilaserogroup 1 is the causative agent of most cases in Europe. In this Review we outline the global epidemiology of Legionnaires' disease, summarise its diagnosis and management, and identify research gaps and priorities. Early clinical diagnosis and prompt initiation of appropriate antibiotics forLegionellaspp in all patients with community-acquired or hospital-acquired pneumonias is a crucial measure for management of the disease. Progress in typing and sequencing technologies might additionally contribute to understanding the distribution and natural history of Legionnaires' disease, and inform outbreak investigations. Control of Legionnaires' disease outbreaks relies on rapid ascertainment of descriptive epidemiological data, combined with microbiological information to identify the source and implement control measures. Further research is required to define the actual burden of disease, factors that influence susceptibility, key sources of infection, and differences in virulence between strains ofLegionellaspecies. Other requirements are improved, specific, sensitive, and rapid diagnostic tests to accurately inform management of Legionnaires' disease, and controlled clinical trials to ascertain the optimum antibiotics for treatment. |
| Author | Abubakar, Ibrahim Zhang, Natalie Kumar, Kartik Phin, Nick Harrison, Timothy Lortholary, Olivier Parry-Ford, Frances Stagg, Helen R Zumla, Alimuddin |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Nick surname: Phin fullname: Phin, Nick organization: Legionella and Influenza Preparedness Section, Centre for Infectious Disease Surveillance and Control, Public Health England, London, UK – sequence: 2 givenname: Frances surname: Parry-Ford fullname: Parry-Ford, Frances organization: Legionella and Influenza Preparedness Section, Centre for Infectious Disease Surveillance and Control, Public Health England, London, UK – sequence: 3 givenname: Timothy surname: Harrison fullname: Harrison, Timothy organization: Respiratory and Vaccine Preventable Bacteria Reference Unit, Public Health England, London, UK – sequence: 4 givenname: Helen R surname: Stagg fullname: Stagg, Helen R organization: Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Research Department of Infection and Population Health, University College London, London, UK – sequence: 5 givenname: Natalie surname: Zhang fullname: Zhang, Natalie organization: School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK – sequence: 6 givenname: Kartik surname: Kumar fullname: Kumar, Kartik organization: University College London Medical School, University College London, London, UK – sequence: 7 givenname: Olivier surname: Lortholary fullname: Lortholary, Olivier organization: Université Paris Descartes, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Centre d'infectiologie Necker Pasteur, Paris, France – sequence: 8 givenname: Alimuddin surname: Zumla fullname: Zumla, Alimuddin organization: Centre for Clinical Microbiology, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK – sequence: 9 givenname: Ibrahim surname: Abubakar fullname: Abubakar, Ibrahim email: i.abubakar@ucl.ac.uk organization: Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Research Department of Infection and Population Health, University College London, London, UK |
| BackLink | http://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=28823917$$DView record in Pascal Francis https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24970283$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| CODEN | LANCAO |
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| Snippet | Legionnaires' disease is an important cause of community-acquired and hospital-acquired pneumonia. Although uncommon, Legionnaires' disease continues to cause... Summary Legionnaires' disease is an important cause of community-acquired and hospital-acquired pneumonia. Although uncommon, Legionnaires' disease continues... |
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| SubjectTerms | Aerobic bacteria Aerosols Antibiotics Bacterial diseases Bacterial diseases of the respiratory system Bacterial Typing Techniques Biological and medical sciences Cooling Disease Outbreaks Epidemiology Fatalities Fountains Global Health Health surveillance Hospitals Human bacterial diseases Humans Infections Infectious Disease Infectious diseases Legionella pneumophila - classification Legionella pneumophila - isolation & purification Legionella pneumophila - pathogenicity Legionnaire's disease Legionnaires' disease Legionnaires' Disease - diagnosis Legionnaires' Disease - epidemiology Legionnaires' Disease - therapy Legionnaires' Disease - transmission Medical sciences Mortality Outbreaks Patients Pneumology Public health Resorts & spas Respiratory system : syndromes and miscellaneous diseases Virulence |
| Title | Epidemiology and clinical management of Legionnaires' disease |
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