A gait abnormality measure based on root mean square of trunk acceleration
Background Root mean square (RMS) of trunk acceleration is seen frequently in gait analysis research. However, many studies have reported that the RMS value was related to walking speed. Therefore, the relationship between the RMS value and walking speed should be considered when the RMS value is us...
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| Published in | Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation Vol. 10; no. 1; p. 118 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
London
BioMed Central
26.12.2013
BioMed Central Ltd |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 1743-0003 1743-0003 |
| DOI | 10.1186/1743-0003-10-118 |
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| Abstract | Background
Root mean square (RMS) of trunk acceleration is seen frequently in gait analysis research. However, many studies have reported that the RMS value was related to walking speed. Therefore, the relationship between the RMS value and walking speed should be considered when the RMS value is used to assess gait abnormality. We hypothesized that the RMS values in three sensing axes exhibit common proportions for healthy people if they walk at their own preferred speed and that the RMS proportions in abnormal gait deviate from the common proportions. In this study, we proposed the RMS ratio (RMSR) as a gait abnormality measure and verified its ability to discriminate abnormal gait.
Methods
Forty-seven healthy male subjects (24–49 years) were recruited to examine the relationship between walking speed and the RMSR. To verify its ability to discriminate abnormal gait, twenty age-matched male hemiplegic patients (30–48 years) participated as typical subjects with gait abnormality. A tri-axial accelerometer was attached to their lower back, and they walked along a corridor at their own preferred speed. We defined the RMSR as the ratio between RMS in each direction and the RMS vector magnitude.
Results
In the healthy subjects, the RMS in all directions related to preferred walking speed. In contrast, RMSR in the mediolateral (ML) direction did not correlate with preferred walking speed (
rs = -0.10
,
p = 0.54
) and represented the similar value among the healthy subjects. Moreover, the RMSR in the ML direction for the hemiplegic patients was significantly higher than that for the healthy subjects (
p < 0.01
).
Conclusions
These results suggest that the RMSR in the ML direction exhibits a common value when healthy subjects walk at their own preferred speed, even if their preferred walking speed were different. For subjects with gait abnormality, the RMSR in the ML direction deviates from the common value of healthy subjects. The RMSR in the ML direction may potentially be a quantitative measure of gait abnormality. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Root mean square (RMS) of trunk acceleration is seen frequently in gait analysis research. However, many studies have reported that the RMS value was related to walking speed. Therefore, the relationship between the RMS value and walking speed should be considered when the RMS value is used to assess gait abnormality. We hypothesized that the RMS values in three sensing axes exhibit common proportions for healthy people if they walk at their own preferred speed and that the RMS proportions in abnormal gait deviate from the common proportions. In this study, we proposed the RMS ratio (RMSR) as a gait abnormality measure and verified its ability to discriminate abnormal gait.
Forty-seven healthy male subjects (24-49 years) were recruited to examine the relationship between walking speed and the RMSR. To verify its ability to discriminate abnormal gait, twenty age-matched male hemiplegic patients (30-48 years) participated as typical subjects with gait abnormality. A tri-axial accelerometer was attached to their lower back, and they walked along a corridor at their own preferred speed. We defined the RMSR as the ratio between RMS in each direction and the RMS vector magnitude.
In the healthy subjects, the RMS in all directions related to preferred walking speed. In contrast, RMSR in the mediolateral (ML) direction did not correlate with preferred walking speed (rs = -0.10, p = 0.54) and represented the similar value among the healthy subjects. Moreover, the RMSR in the ML direction for the hemiplegic patients was significantly higher than that for the healthy subjects (p < 0.01).
These results suggest that the RMSR in the ML direction exhibits a common value when healthy subjects walk at their own preferred speed, even if their preferred walking speed were different. For subjects with gait abnormality, the RMSR in the ML direction deviates from the common value of healthy subjects. The RMSR in the ML direction may potentially be a quantitative measure of gait abnormality. Background: Root mean square (RMS) of trunk acceleration is seen frequently in gait analysis research. However, many studies have reported that the RMS value was related to walking speed. Therefore, the relationship between the RMS value and walking speed should be considered when the RMS value is used to assess gait abnormality. We hypothesized that the RMS values in three sensing axes exhibit common proportions for healthy people if they walk at their own preferred speed and that the RMS proportions in abnormal gait deviate from the common proportions. In this study, we proposed the RMS ratio (RMSR) as a gait abnormality measure and verified its ability to discriminate abnormal gait. Methods: Forty-seven healthy male subjects (24-49 years) were recruited to examine the relationship between walking speed and the RMSR. To verify its ability to discriminate abnormal gait, twenty age-matched male hemiplegic patients (30-48 years) participated as typical subjects with gait abnormality. A tri-axial accelerometer was attached to their lower back, and they walked along a corridor at their own preferred speed. We defined the RMSR as the ratio between RMS in each direction and the RMS vector magnitude. Results: In the healthy subjects, the RMS in all directions related to preferred walking speed. In contrast, RMSR in the mediolateral (ML) direction did not correlate with preferred walking speed (rs = -0.10, p = 0.54) and represented the similar value among the healthy subjects. Moreover, the RMSR in the ML direction for the hemiplegic patients was significantly higher than that for the healthy subjects (p < 0.01). Conclusions: These results suggest that the RMSR in the ML direction exhibits a common value when healthy subjects walk at their own preferred speed, even if their preferred walking speed were different. For subjects with gait abnormality, the RMSR in the ML direction deviates from the common value of healthy subjects. The RMSR in the ML direction may potentially be a quantitative measure of gait abnormality. Doc number: 118 Abstract Background: Root mean square (RMS) of trunk acceleration is seen frequently in gait analysis research. However, many studies have reported that the RMS value was related to walking speed. Therefore, the relationship between the RMS value and walking speed should be considered when the RMS value is used to assess gait abnormality. We hypothesized that the RMS values in three sensing axes exhibit common proportions for healthy people if they walk at their own preferred speed and that the RMS proportions in abnormal gait deviate from the common proportions. In this study, we proposed the RMS ratio (RMSR) as a gait abnormality measure and verified its ability to discriminate abnormal gait. Methods: Forty-seven healthy male subjects (24-49 years) were recruited to examine the relationship between walking speed and the RMSR. To verify its ability to discriminate abnormal gait, twenty age-matched male hemiplegic patients (30-48 years) participated as typical subjects with gait abnormality. A tri-axial accelerometer was attached to their lower back, and they walked along a corridor at their own preferred speed. We defined the RMSR as the ratio between RMS in each direction and the RMS vector magnitude. Results: In the healthy subjects, the RMS in all directions related to preferred walking speed. In contrast, RMSR in the mediolateral (ML) direction did not correlate with preferred walking speed (rs = -0.10 , p = 0.54 ) and represented the similar value among the healthy subjects. Moreover, the RMSR in the ML direction for the hemiplegic patients was significantly higher than that for the healthy subjects (p < 0.01 ). Conclusions: These results suggest that the RMSR in the ML direction exhibits a common value when healthy subjects walk at their own preferred speed, even if their preferred walking speed were different. For subjects with gait abnormality, the RMSR in the ML direction deviates from the common value of healthy subjects. The RMSR in the ML direction may potentially be a quantitative measure of gait abnormality. Root mean square (RMS) of trunk acceleration is seen frequently in gait analysis research. However, many studies have reported that the RMS value was related to walking speed. Therefore, the relationship between the RMS value and walking speed should be considered when the RMS value is used to assess gait abnormality. We hypothesized that the RMS values in three sensing axes exhibit common proportions for healthy people if they walk at their own preferred speed and that the RMS proportions in abnormal gait deviate from the common proportions. In this study, we proposed the RMS ratio (RMSR) as a gait abnormality measure and verified its ability to discriminate abnormal gait.BACKGROUNDRoot mean square (RMS) of trunk acceleration is seen frequently in gait analysis research. However, many studies have reported that the RMS value was related to walking speed. Therefore, the relationship between the RMS value and walking speed should be considered when the RMS value is used to assess gait abnormality. We hypothesized that the RMS values in three sensing axes exhibit common proportions for healthy people if they walk at their own preferred speed and that the RMS proportions in abnormal gait deviate from the common proportions. In this study, we proposed the RMS ratio (RMSR) as a gait abnormality measure and verified its ability to discriminate abnormal gait.Forty-seven healthy male subjects (24-49 years) were recruited to examine the relationship between walking speed and the RMSR. To verify its ability to discriminate abnormal gait, twenty age-matched male hemiplegic patients (30-48 years) participated as typical subjects with gait abnormality. A tri-axial accelerometer was attached to their lower back, and they walked along a corridor at their own preferred speed. We defined the RMSR as the ratio between RMS in each direction and the RMS vector magnitude.METHODSForty-seven healthy male subjects (24-49 years) were recruited to examine the relationship between walking speed and the RMSR. To verify its ability to discriminate abnormal gait, twenty age-matched male hemiplegic patients (30-48 years) participated as typical subjects with gait abnormality. A tri-axial accelerometer was attached to their lower back, and they walked along a corridor at their own preferred speed. We defined the RMSR as the ratio between RMS in each direction and the RMS vector magnitude.In the healthy subjects, the RMS in all directions related to preferred walking speed. In contrast, RMSR in the mediolateral (ML) direction did not correlate with preferred walking speed (rs = -0.10, p = 0.54) and represented the similar value among the healthy subjects. Moreover, the RMSR in the ML direction for the hemiplegic patients was significantly higher than that for the healthy subjects (p < 0.01).RESULTSIn the healthy subjects, the RMS in all directions related to preferred walking speed. In contrast, RMSR in the mediolateral (ML) direction did not correlate with preferred walking speed (rs = -0.10, p = 0.54) and represented the similar value among the healthy subjects. Moreover, the RMSR in the ML direction for the hemiplegic patients was significantly higher than that for the healthy subjects (p < 0.01).These results suggest that the RMSR in the ML direction exhibits a common value when healthy subjects walk at their own preferred speed, even if their preferred walking speed were different. For subjects with gait abnormality, the RMSR in the ML direction deviates from the common value of healthy subjects. The RMSR in the ML direction may potentially be a quantitative measure of gait abnormality.CONCLUSIONSThese results suggest that the RMSR in the ML direction exhibits a common value when healthy subjects walk at their own preferred speed, even if their preferred walking speed were different. For subjects with gait abnormality, the RMSR in the ML direction deviates from the common value of healthy subjects. The RMSR in the ML direction may potentially be a quantitative measure of gait abnormality. Background Root mean square (RMS) of trunk acceleration is seen frequently in gait analysis research. However, many studies have reported that the RMS value was related to walking speed. Therefore, the relationship between the RMS value and walking speed should be considered when the RMS value is used to assess gait abnormality. We hypothesized that the RMS values in three sensing axes exhibit common proportions for healthy people if they walk at their own preferred speed and that the RMS proportions in abnormal gait deviate from the common proportions. In this study, we proposed the RMS ratio (RMSR) as a gait abnormality measure and verified its ability to discriminate abnormal gait. Methods Forty-seven healthy male subjects (24–49 years) were recruited to examine the relationship between walking speed and the RMSR. To verify its ability to discriminate abnormal gait, twenty age-matched male hemiplegic patients (30–48 years) participated as typical subjects with gait abnormality. A tri-axial accelerometer was attached to their lower back, and they walked along a corridor at their own preferred speed. We defined the RMSR as the ratio between RMS in each direction and the RMS vector magnitude. Results In the healthy subjects, the RMS in all directions related to preferred walking speed. In contrast, RMSR in the mediolateral (ML) direction did not correlate with preferred walking speed ( rs = -0.10 , p = 0.54 ) and represented the similar value among the healthy subjects. Moreover, the RMSR in the ML direction for the hemiplegic patients was significantly higher than that for the healthy subjects ( p < 0.01 ). Conclusions These results suggest that the RMSR in the ML direction exhibits a common value when healthy subjects walk at their own preferred speed, even if their preferred walking speed were different. For subjects with gait abnormality, the RMSR in the ML direction deviates from the common value of healthy subjects. The RMSR in the ML direction may potentially be a quantitative measure of gait abnormality. Background Root mean square (RMS) of trunk acceleration is seen frequently in gait analysis research. However, many studies have reported that the RMS value was related to walking speed. Therefore, the relationship between the RMS value and walking speed should be considered when the RMS value is used to assess gait abnormality. We hypothesized that the RMS values in three sensing axes exhibit common proportions for healthy people if they walk at their own preferred speed and that the RMS proportions in abnormal gait deviate from the common proportions. In this study, we proposed the RMS ratio (RMSR) as a gait abnormality measure and verified its ability to discriminate abnormal gait. Methods Forty-seven healthy male subjects (24-49 years) were recruited to examine the relationship between walking speed and the RMSR. To verify its ability to discriminate abnormal gait, twenty age-matched male hemiplegic patients (30-48 years) participated as typical subjects with gait abnormality. A tri-axial accelerometer was attached to their lower back, and they walked along a corridor at their own preferred speed. We defined the RMSR as the ratio between RMS in each direction and the RMS vector magnitude. Results In the healthy subjects, the RMS in all directions related to preferred walking speed. In contrast, RMSR in the mediolateral (ML) direction did not correlate with preferred walking speed (rs = -0.10, p = 0.54) and represented the similar value among the healthy subjects. Moreover, the RMSR in the ML direction for the hemiplegic patients was significantly higher than that for the healthy subjects (p < 0.01). Conclusions These results suggest that the RMSR in the ML direction exhibits a common value when healthy subjects walk at their own preferred speed, even if their preferred walking speed were different. For subjects with gait abnormality, the RMSR in the ML direction deviates from the common value of healthy subjects. The RMSR in the ML direction may potentially be a quantitative measure of gait abnormality. Keywords: Gait abnormality measure, Trunk acceleration, Root mean square (RMS) ratio Root mean square (RMS) of trunk acceleration is seen frequently in gait analysis research. However, many studies have reported that the RMS value was related to walking speed. Therefore, the relationship between the RMS value and walking speed should be considered when the RMS value is used to assess gait abnormality. We hypothesized that the RMS values in three sensing axes exhibit common proportions for healthy people if they walk at their own preferred speed and that the RMS proportions in abnormal gait deviate from the common proportions. In this study, we proposed the RMS ratio (RMSR) as a gait abnormality measure and verified its ability to discriminate abnormal gait. Forty-seven healthy male subjects (24-49 years) were recruited to examine the relationship between walking speed and the RMSR. To verify its ability to discriminate abnormal gait, twenty age-matched male hemiplegic patients (30-48 years) participated as typical subjects with gait abnormality. A tri-axial accelerometer was attached to their lower back, and they walked along a corridor at their own preferred speed. We defined the RMSR as the ratio between RMS in each direction and the RMS vector magnitude. In the healthy subjects, the RMS in all directions related to preferred walking speed. In contrast, RMSR in the mediolateral (ML) direction did not correlate with preferred walking speed (rs = -0.10, p = 0.54) and represented the similar value among the healthy subjects. Moreover, the RMSR in the ML direction for the hemiplegic patients was significantly higher than that for the healthy subjects (p < 0.01). These results suggest that the RMSR in the ML direction exhibits a common value when healthy subjects walk at their own preferred speed, even if their preferred walking speed were different. For subjects with gait abnormality, the RMSR in the ML direction deviates from the common value of healthy subjects. The RMSR in the ML direction may potentially be a quantitative measure of gait abnormality. |
| Audience | Academic |
| Author | Miyoshi, Hiroaki Tamura, Toshiyo Suda, Yuki Sekine, Masaki Fujimoto, Toshiro Kijima, Yoshifumi Yoshida, Masaki Kimura, Yuichi Higashi, Yuji |
| AuthorAffiliation | 3 Faculty of Biology Oriented Science & Technology, Kinki University, Kinokawa, Wakayama, Japan 1 Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Osaka Electro-Communication University, 18-8 Hatsucho, Neyagawa, Osaka 572-8530, Japan 5 Fujimoto General Hospital, Miyakonojyo, Miyazaki, Japan 2 Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, Chiba, Chiba, Japan 4 Sharp Corporation, Tenri, Nara, Japan |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 4 Sharp Corporation, Tenri, Nara, Japan – name: 3 Faculty of Biology Oriented Science & Technology, Kinki University, Kinokawa, Wakayama, Japan – name: 2 Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, Chiba, Chiba, Japan – name: 1 Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Osaka Electro-Communication University, 18-8 Hatsucho, Neyagawa, Osaka 572-8530, Japan – name: 5 Fujimoto General Hospital, Miyakonojyo, Miyazaki, Japan |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Masaki surname: Sekine fullname: Sekine, Masaki email: m-sekine@isc.osakac.ac.jp organization: Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Osaka Electro-Communication University – sequence: 2 givenname: Toshiyo surname: Tamura fullname: Tamura, Toshiyo organization: Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Osaka Electro-Communication University – sequence: 3 givenname: Masaki surname: Yoshida fullname: Yoshida, Masaki organization: Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Osaka Electro-Communication University – sequence: 4 givenname: Yuki surname: Suda fullname: Suda, Yuki organization: Graduate School of EngineerinG, Chiba University – sequence: 5 givenname: Yuichi surname: Kimura fullname: Kimura, Yuichi organization: Faculty of Biology Oriented Science & Technology, Kinki University – sequence: 6 givenname: Hiroaki surname: Miyoshi fullname: Miyoshi, Hiroaki organization: Sharp Corporation – sequence: 7 givenname: Yoshifumi surname: Kijima fullname: Kijima, Yoshifumi organization: Fujimoto General Hospital – sequence: 8 givenname: Yuji surname: Higashi fullname: Higashi, Yuji organization: Fujimoto General Hospital – sequence: 9 givenname: Toshiro surname: Fujimoto fullname: Fujimoto, Toshiro organization: Fujimoto General Hospital |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24370075$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | Sekine et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2013 COPYRIGHT 2013 BioMed Central Ltd. 2013 Sekine et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Copyright © 2013 Sekine et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2013 Sekine et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. |
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| DOI | 10.1186/1743-0003-10-118 |
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| Keywords | Gait abnormality measure Trunk acceleration Root mean square (RMS) ratio |
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| References | 10.1186/1743-0003-10-118-B3 10.1186/1743-0003-10-118-B5 10.1186/1743-0003-10-118-B7 10.1186/1743-0003-10-118-B8 10.1186/1743-0003-10-118-B9 - 10.1186/1743-0003-10-118-B15 10.1186/1743-0003-10-118-B14 10.1186/1743-0003-10-118-B13 10.1186/1743-0003-10-118-B24 10.1186/1743-0003-10-118-B12 10.1186/1743-0003-10-118-B11 10.1186/1743-0003-10-118-B21 10.1186/1743-0003-10-118-B19 10.1186/1743-0003-10-118-B18 10.1186/1743-0003-10-118-B1 10.1186/1743-0003-10-118-B17 10.1186/1743-0003-10-118-B2 10.1186/1743-0003-10-118-B16 11415803 - Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). 1998 Jun;13(4-5):320-327 12855299 - Gait Posture. 2003 Aug;18(1):35-46 15876617 - J Neural Eng. 2004 Mar;1(1):8-15 12845826 - IEEE Eng Med Biol Mag. 2003 May-Jun;22(3):104-9 11415804 - Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). 1998 Jun;13(4-5):328-335 22512847 - Gait Posture. 2012 Jun;36(2):296-300 12297254 - Gait Posture. 2002 Oct;16(2):124-34 12615555 - Age Ageing. 2003 Mar;32(2):137-42 21241487 - J Neuroeng Rehabil. 2011;8:2 5789252 - J Gerontol. 1969 Apr;24(2):169-78 15125918 - Gait Posture. 2004 Jun;19(3):288-97 19349181 - Gait Posture. 2009 Jul;30(1):60-4 13610523 - Int Z Angew Physiol. 1958;17(4):277-83 11060138 - J Physiol. 2000 Nov 1;528(Pt 3):657-68 19235121 - J Rehabil Res Dev. 2008;45(8):1215-26 15876629 - J Neural Eng. 2004 Jun;1(2):111-6 14977220 - Med Biol Eng Comput. 2004 Jan;42(1):30-6 19356256 - J Neuroeng Rehabil. 2009;6:9 14654205 - Gait Posture. 2003 Oct;18(2):27-36 17717650 - Exp Brain Res. 2008 Jan;184(2):201-9 5942660 - Can Med Assoc J. 1966 May 14;94(20):1047-54 16267178 - Age Ageing. 2005 Nov;34(6):556-60 19013799 - Gait Posture. 2009 Feb;29(2):300-3 12185166 - J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2002 Sep;73(3):310-2 |
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| Snippet | Background
Root mean square (RMS) of trunk acceleration is seen frequently in gait analysis research. However, many studies have reported that the RMS value... Root mean square (RMS) of trunk acceleration is seen frequently in gait analysis research. However, many studies have reported that the RMS value was related... Background Root mean square (RMS) of trunk acceleration is seen frequently in gait analysis research. However, many studies have reported that the RMS value... Doc number: 118 Abstract Background: Root mean square (RMS) of trunk acceleration is seen frequently in gait analysis research. However, many studies have... Background: Root mean square (RMS) of trunk acceleration is seen frequently in gait analysis research. However, many studies have reported that the RMS value... |
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| StartPage | 118 |
| SubjectTerms | Abnormalities Acceleration Adult Biomechanical Phenomena Biomedical and Life Sciences Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering Biomedicine Diagnosis Gait Gait - physiology Gait disorders Gait Disorders, Neurologic - diagnosis Humans Male Males Mean square values Middle Aged Models, Statistical Neurology Neurosciences Patients Periodic health examinations Physical diagnosis Physiological aspects Postural Balance Rehabilitation Medicine Roots Torso Trunks Walking Young Adult |
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| Title | A gait abnormality measure based on root mean square of trunk acceleration |
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