Immune regulation of the gut-brain axis and lung-brain axis involved in ischemic stroke

Local ischemia often causes a series of inflammatory reactions when both brain immune cells and the peripheral immune response are activated. In the human body, the gut and lung are regarded as the key reactional targets that are initiated by brain ischemic attacks. Mucosal microorganisms play an im...

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Published inNeural regeneration research Vol. 19; no. 3; pp. 519 - 528
Main Authors Xie, Xiaodi, Wang, Lei, Dong, Shanshan, Ge, ShanChun, Zhu, Ting
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Mumbai Wolters Kluwer India Pvt. Ltd 01.03.2024
Medknow Publications & Media Pvt. Ltd
Institute of Neuroregeneration & Neurorehabilitation,Department of Pathophysiology,School of Basic Medicine,Qingdao University,Qingdao,Shandong Province,China%Institute of Neuroregeneration & Neurorehabilitation,Department of Pathophysiology,School of Basic Medicine,Qingdao University,Qingdao,Shandong Province,China
School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy,China Pharmaceutical University,Nanjing,Jiangsu Province,China%Institute of Neuroregeneration & Neurorehabilitation,Department of Pathophysiology,School of Basic Medicine,Qingdao University,Qingdao,Shandong Province,China
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine,The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University,Qingdao,Shandong Province,China%School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy,China Pharmaceutical University,Nanjing,Jiangsu Province,China
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Subjects
enteric glia cells; gut microbiota; gut-brain axis; immune response; inflammation; ischemic stroke; lung-brain axis; microglia
Gut-brain axis
Immune response
Ischemia
Lungs
Review
lung-brain axis
immune response
inflammation
enteric glia cells
microglia
gut microbiota
ischemic stroke
gut-brain axis
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Abstract Local ischemia often causes a series of inflammatory reactions when both brain immune cells and the peripheral immune response are activated. In the human body, the gut and lung are regarded as the key reactional targets that are initiated by brain ischemic attacks. Mucosal microorganisms play an important role in immune regulation and metabolism and affect blood-brain barrier permeability. In addition to the relationship between peripheral organs and central areas and the intestine and lung also interact among each other. Here, we review the molecular and cellular immune mechanisms involved in the pathways of inflammation across the gut-brain axis and lung-brain axis. We found that abnormal intestinal flora, the intestinal microenvironment, lung infection, chronic diseases, and mechanical ventilation can worsen the outcome of ischemic stroke. This review also introduces the influence of the brain on the gut and lungs after stroke, highlighting the bidirectional feedback effect among the gut, lungs, and brain.
AbstractList Local ischemia often causes a series of inflammatory reactions when both brain immune cells and the peripheral immune response are activated. In the human body, the gut and lung are regarded as the key reactional targets that are initiated by brain ischemic attacks. Mucosal microorganisms play an important role in immune regulation and metabolism and affect blood-brain barrier permeability. In addition to the relationship between peripheral organs and central areas and the intestine and lung also interact among each other. Here, we review the molecular and cellular immune mechanisms involved in the pathways of inflammation across the gut-brain axis and lung-brain axis. We found that abnormal intestinal flora, the intestinal microenvironment, lung infection, chronic diseases, and mechanical ventilation can worsen the outcome of ischemic stroke. This review also introduces the influence of the brain on the gut and lungs after stroke, highlighting the bidirectional feedback effect among the gut, lungs, and brain.
AbstractLocal ischemia often causes a series of inflammatory reactions when both brain immune cells and the peripheral immune response are activated. In the human body, the gut and lung are regarded as the key reactional targets that are initiated by brain ischemic attacks. Mucosal microorganisms play an important role in immune regulation and metabolism and affect blood-brain barrier permeability. In addition to the relationship between peripheral organs and central areas and the intestine and lung also interact among each other. Here, we review the molecular and cellular immune mechanisms involved in the pathways of inflammation across the gut-brain axis and lung-brain axis. We found that abnormal intestinal flora, the intestinal microenvironment, lung infection, chronic diseases, and mechanical ventilation can worsen the outcome of ischemic stroke. This review also introduces the influence of the brain on the gut and lungs after stroke, highlighting the bidirectional feedback effect among the gut, lungs, and brain.
Local ischemia often causes a series of inflammatory reactions when both brain immune cells and the peripheral immune response are activated. In the human body, the gut and lung are regarded as the key reactional targets that are initiated by brain ischemic attacks. Mucosal microorganisms play an important role in immune regulation and metabolism and affect blood-brain barrier permeability. In addition to the relationship between peripheral organs and central areas and the intestine and lung also interact among each other. Here, we review the molecular and cellular immune mechanisms involved in the pathways of inflammation across the gut-brain axis and lung-brain axis. We found that abnormal intestinal flora, the intestinal microenvironment, lung infection, chronic diseases, and mechanical ventilation can worsen the outcome of ischemic stroke. This review also introduces the influence of the brain on the gut and lungs after stroke, highlighting the bidirectional feedback effect among the gut, lungs, and brain.Local ischemia often causes a series of inflammatory reactions when both brain immune cells and the peripheral immune response are activated. In the human body, the gut and lung are regarded as the key reactional targets that are initiated by brain ischemic attacks. Mucosal microorganisms play an important role in immune regulation and metabolism and affect blood-brain barrier permeability. In addition to the relationship between peripheral organs and central areas and the intestine and lung also interact among each other. Here, we review the molecular and cellular immune mechanisms involved in the pathways of inflammation across the gut-brain axis and lung-brain axis. We found that abnormal intestinal flora, the intestinal microenvironment, lung infection, chronic diseases, and mechanical ventilation can worsen the outcome of ischemic stroke. This review also introduces the influence of the brain on the gut and lungs after stroke, highlighting the bidirectional feedback effect among the gut, lungs, and brain.
Author Ge, ShanChun
Wang, Lei
Xie, Xiaodi
Zhu, Ting
Dong, Shanshan
AuthorAffiliation Institute of Neuroregeneration & Neurorehabilitation,Department of Pathophysiology,School of Basic Medicine,Qingdao University,Qingdao,Shandong Province,China%Institute of Neuroregeneration & Neurorehabilitation,Department of Pathophysiology,School of Basic Medicine,Qingdao University,Qingdao,Shandong Province,China;School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy,China Pharmaceutical University,Nanjing,Jiangsu Province,China%Institute of Neuroregeneration & Neurorehabilitation,Department of Pathophysiology,School of Basic Medicine,Qingdao University,Qingdao,Shandong Province,China;Department of Rehabilitation Medicine,The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University,Qingdao,Shandong Province,China%School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy,China Pharmaceutical University,Nanjing,Jiangsu Province,China
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Keywords lung-brain axis
immune response
inflammation
enteric glia cells
microglia
gut microbiota
ischemic stroke
gut-brain axis
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PublicationTitle Neural regeneration research
PublicationTitle_FL Neural Regeneration Research
PublicationYear 2024
Publisher Wolters Kluwer India Pvt. Ltd
Medknow Publications & Media Pvt. Ltd
Institute of Neuroregeneration & Neurorehabilitation,Department of Pathophysiology,School of Basic Medicine,Qingdao University,Qingdao,Shandong Province,China%Institute of Neuroregeneration & Neurorehabilitation,Department of Pathophysiology,School of Basic Medicine,Qingdao University,Qingdao,Shandong Province,China
School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy,China Pharmaceutical University,Nanjing,Jiangsu Province,China%Institute of Neuroregeneration & Neurorehabilitation,Department of Pathophysiology,School of Basic Medicine,Qingdao University,Qingdao,Shandong Province,China
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine,The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University,Qingdao,Shandong Province,China%School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy,China Pharmaceutical University,Nanjing,Jiangsu Province,China
Wolters Kluwer - Medknow
Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
Publisher_xml – name: Wolters Kluwer India Pvt. Ltd
– name: Medknow Publications & Media Pvt. Ltd
– name: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine,The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University,Qingdao,Shandong Province,China%School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy,China Pharmaceutical University,Nanjing,Jiangsu Province,China
– name: Institute of Neuroregeneration & Neurorehabilitation,Department of Pathophysiology,School of Basic Medicine,Qingdao University,Qingdao,Shandong Province,China%Institute of Neuroregeneration & Neurorehabilitation,Department of Pathophysiology,School of Basic Medicine,Qingdao University,Qingdao,Shandong Province,China
– name: School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy,China Pharmaceutical University,Nanjing,Jiangsu Province,China%Institute of Neuroregeneration & Neurorehabilitation,Department of Pathophysiology,School of Basic Medicine,Qingdao University,Qingdao,Shandong Province,China
– name: Wolters Kluwer - Medknow
– name: Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
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Snippet Local ischemia often causes a series of inflammatory reactions when both brain immune cells and the peripheral immune response are activated. In the human...
AbstractLocal ischemia often causes a series of inflammatory reactions when both brain immune cells and the peripheral immune response are activated. In the...
Local ischemia often causes a series of inflammatory reactions when both brain immune cells and the peripheral immune response are activated.In the human...
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SubjectTerms enteric glia cells; gut microbiota; gut-brain axis; immune response; inflammation; ischemic stroke; lung-brain axis; microglia
Gut-brain axis
Immune response
Ischemia
Lungs
Review
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Title Immune regulation of the gut-brain axis and lung-brain axis involved in ischemic stroke
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