Successful treatment of elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus infection in an Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) calf by oral acyclovir medication: Case report
Elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus (EEHV) is a major cause of death in Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) calves. A 2-year, 11-month-old female, captive Asian elephant presented with facial edema and a mild fever. Blood samples were collected and showed EEHV1A positivity with a high viral load by r...
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| Published in | Journal of Veterinary Medical Science Vol. 83; no. 1; pp. 125 - 129 |
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JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE
01.01.2021
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| Abstract | Elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus (EEHV) is a major cause of death in Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) calves. A 2-year, 11-month-old female, captive Asian elephant presented with facial edema and a mild fever. Blood samples were collected and showed EEHV1A positivity with a high viral load by real time PCR. Heterophil toxicity also was reported for the first time in this case. The calf was treated orally with acyclovir, 45 mg/kg tid for 28 days, which reduced the EEHV1A viral load to undetectable levels within 9 days and the calf survived. A successful outcome with oral acyclovir administration provides another and affordable option to treat EEHV hemorrhagic disease in Asian elephants, and one that is easier to administer in untrained calves. |
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| AbstractList | Elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus (EEHV) is a major cause of death in Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) calves. A 2-year, 11-month-old female, captive Asian elephant presented with facial edema and a mild fever. Blood samples were collected and showed EEHV1A positivity with a high viral load by real time PCR. Heterophil toxicity also was reported for the first time in this case. The calf was treated orally with acyclovir, 45 mg/kg tid for 28 days, which reduced the EEHV1A viral load to undetectable levels within 9 days and the calf survived. A successful outcome with oral acyclovir administration provides another and affordable option to treat EEHV hemorrhagic disease in Asian elephants, and one that is easier to administer in untrained calves. Elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus (EEHV) is a major cause of death in Asian elephant ( Elephas maximus ) calves. A 2-year, 11-month-old female, captive Asian elephant presented with facial edema and a mild fever. Blood samples were collected and showed EEHV1A positivity with a high viral load by real time PCR. Heterophil toxicity also was reported for the first time in this case. The calf was treated orally with acyclovir, 45 mg/kg tid for 28 days, which reduced the EEHV1A viral load to undetectable levels within 9 days and the calf survived. A successful outcome with oral acyclovir administration provides another and affordable option to treat EEHV hemorrhagic disease in Asian elephants, and one that is easier to administer in untrained calves. Elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus (EEHV) is a major cause of death in Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) calves. A 2-year, 11-month-old female, captive Asian elephant presented with facial edema and a mild fever. Blood samples were collected and showed EEHV1A positivity with a high viral load by real time PCR. Heterophil toxicity also was reported for the first time in this case. The calf was treated orally with acyclovir, 45 mg/kg tid for 28 days, which reduced the EEHV1A viral load to undetectable levels within 9 days and the calf survived. A successful outcome with oral acyclovir administration provides another and affordable option to treat EEHV hemorrhagic disease in Asian elephants, and one that is easier to administer in untrained calves.Elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus (EEHV) is a major cause of death in Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) calves. A 2-year, 11-month-old female, captive Asian elephant presented with facial edema and a mild fever. Blood samples were collected and showed EEHV1A positivity with a high viral load by real time PCR. Heterophil toxicity also was reported for the first time in this case. The calf was treated orally with acyclovir, 45 mg/kg tid for 28 days, which reduced the EEHV1A viral load to undetectable levels within 9 days and the calf survived. A successful outcome with oral acyclovir administration provides another and affordable option to treat EEHV hemorrhagic disease in Asian elephants, and one that is easier to administer in untrained calves. |
| Author | THITARAM, Chatchote BROWN, Janine L KHAMMESRI, Siripat AMPASAVATE, Chadarat MATHURA, Yaoprapa BOONPRASERT, Khajohnpat HONGWISET, Darunee |
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| Keywords | elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus (EEHV) acyclovir oral medication Asian elephant heterophil toxicity |
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| References_xml | – reference: 15. Kang, H., Wang, Y., Tong, Z. and Liu, X. 2020. Retest positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA of “recovered” patients with COVID-19: Persistence, sampling issues, or re-infection? J. Med. Virol. 92: 2263–2265. – reference: 2. Boonprasert, K., Mahasawangku, S., Angkawanish, T., Jansittiwej, S., Langkaphin, W., Sombutputorn, P., Bampenpol, P. and Mahanil, W. 2015. Endotheliotropic herpesvirus treatments in a wild orphan baby Asian elephant (Elephas maximus). In: 10th International Elephant Endotheliotropic Herpesvirus (EEHV) Workshop, Crowne Plaza River Oaks, Houston. – reference: 28. Stacy, N. I., Isaza, R. and Wiedner, E. 2017. First report of changes in leukocyte morphology in response to inflammatory conditions in Asian and African elephants (Elephas maximus and Loxodonta africana). PLoS One 12: e0185277. – reference: 9. Goldberg, L. H., Kaufman, R., Kurtz, T. O., Conant, M. A., Eron, L. J., Batenhorst, R. L., Boone, G. S., Acyclovir Study Group 1993. 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| Snippet | Elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus (EEHV) is a major cause of death in Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) calves. A 2-year, 11-month-old female, captive Asian... Elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus (EEHV) is a major cause of death in Asian elephant ( Elephas maximus ) calves. A 2-year, 11-month-old female, captive... |
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| SubjectTerms | Acyclovir Asian elephant Case reports Edema elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus (EEHV) Elephants Elephas maximus Fever Hemorrhage Hemorrhagic disease heterophil toxicity oral medication Toxicity Wildlife Science |
| Title | Successful treatment of elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus infection in an Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) calf by oral acyclovir medication: Case report |
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