Establishment of a superinfection exclusion method for pestivirus titration using a recombinant reporter pestiviruses

Pestiviruses are classified into two biotypes based on their cytopathogenicity. As the majority of pestivirus field isolates are noncytopathogenic, their titration requires alternative methods rather than direct observation of cytopathogenic effects, such as immunostaining using specific antibodies...

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Published inJournal of Veterinary Medical Science Vol. 86; no. 4; pp. 389 - 395
Main Authors MIMURA, Yume, HIONO, Takahiro, HUYNH, Loc Tan, OGINO, Saho, KOBAYASHI, Maya, ISODA, Norikazu, SAKODA, Yoshihiro
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Abstract Pestiviruses are classified into two biotypes based on their cytopathogenicity. As the majority of pestivirus field isolates are noncytopathogenic, their titration requires alternative methods rather than direct observation of cytopathogenic effects, such as immunostaining using specific antibodies or interference with cytopathogenic strains. However, these methods require microscopic observation to assess virus growth, which is time- and labor-intensive, especially when handling several samples. In this study, we developed a novel luciferase-based pestivirus titration method using the superinfection exclusion phenomenon with recombinant reporter pestiviruses that possessed an 11-amino-acid subunit derived from NanoLuc luciferase (HiBiT). In this method, swine kidney cells were inoculated with classical swine fever virus (CSFV) and superinfected with the reporter CSFV vGPE−/HiBiT 5 days postinoculation. Virus titer was determined based on virus growth measured in luminescence using the culture fluid 3 days after superinfection; the resultant virus titer was comparable to that obtained by immunoperoxidase staining. Furthermore, this method has proven to be applicable for the titration of border disease virus (BDV) by superinfection with both the homologous reporter BDV and heterologous reporter CSFV, suggesting that this novel virus titration method is a simple technique for automated virus detection based on the luciferase system.
AbstractList Pestiviruses are classified into two biotypes based on their cytopathogenicity. As the majority of pestivirus field isolates are noncytopathogenic, their titration requires alternative methods rather than direct observation of cytopathogenic effects, such as immunostaining using specific antibodies or interference with cytopathogenic strains. However, these methods require microscopic observation to assess virus growth, which is time- and labor-intensive, especially when handling several samples. In this study, we developed a novel luciferase-based pestivirus titration method using the superinfection exclusion phenomenon with recombinant reporter pestiviruses that possessed an 11-amino-acid subunit derived from NanoLuc luciferase (HiBiT). In this method, swine kidney cells were inoculated with classical swine fever virus (CSFV) and superinfected with the reporter CSFV vGPE−/HiBiT 5 days postinoculation. Virus titer was determined based on virus growth measured in luminescence using the culture fluid 3 days after superinfection; the resultant virus titer was comparable to that obtained by immunoperoxidase staining. Furthermore, this method has proven to be applicable for the titration of border disease virus (BDV) by superinfection with both the homologous reporter BDV and heterologous reporter CSFV, suggesting that this novel virus titration method is a simple technique for automated virus detection based on the luciferase system.
Pestiviruses are classified into two biotypes based on their cytopathogenicity. As the majority of pestivirus field isolates are noncytopathogenic, their titration requires alternative methods rather than direct observation of cytopathogenic effects, such as immunostaining using specific antibodies or interference with cytopathogenic strains. However, these methods require microscopic observation to assess virus growth, which is time- and labor-intensive, especially when handling several samples. In this study, we developed a novel luciferase-based pestivirus titration method using the superinfection exclusion phenomenon with recombinant reporter pestiviruses that possessed an 11-amino-acid subunit derived from NanoLuc luciferase (HiBiT). In this method, swine kidney cells were inoculated with classical swine fever virus (CSFV) and superinfected with the reporter CSFV vGPE-/HiBiT 5 days postinoculation. Virus titer was determined based on virus growth measured in luminescence using the culture fluid 3 days after superinfection; the resultant virus titer was comparable to that obtained by immunoperoxidase staining. Furthermore, this method has proven to be applicable for the titration of border disease virus (BDV) by superinfection with both the homologous reporter BDV and heterologous reporter CSFV, suggesting that this novel virus titration method is a simple technique for automated virus detection based on the luciferase system.Pestiviruses are classified into two biotypes based on their cytopathogenicity. As the majority of pestivirus field isolates are noncytopathogenic, their titration requires alternative methods rather than direct observation of cytopathogenic effects, such as immunostaining using specific antibodies or interference with cytopathogenic strains. However, these methods require microscopic observation to assess virus growth, which is time- and labor-intensive, especially when handling several samples. In this study, we developed a novel luciferase-based pestivirus titration method using the superinfection exclusion phenomenon with recombinant reporter pestiviruses that possessed an 11-amino-acid subunit derived from NanoLuc luciferase (HiBiT). In this method, swine kidney cells were inoculated with classical swine fever virus (CSFV) and superinfected with the reporter CSFV vGPE-/HiBiT 5 days postinoculation. Virus titer was determined based on virus growth measured in luminescence using the culture fluid 3 days after superinfection; the resultant virus titer was comparable to that obtained by immunoperoxidase staining. Furthermore, this method has proven to be applicable for the titration of border disease virus (BDV) by superinfection with both the homologous reporter BDV and heterologous reporter CSFV, suggesting that this novel virus titration method is a simple technique for automated virus detection based on the luciferase system.
Pestiviruses are classified into two biotypes based on their cytopathogenicity. As the majority of pestivirus field isolates are noncytopathogenic, their titration requires alternative methods rather than direct observation of cytopathogenic effects, such as immunostaining using specific antibodies or interference with cytopathogenic strains. However, these methods require microscopic observation to assess virus growth, which is time- and labor-intensive, especially when handling several samples. In this study, we developed a novel luciferase-based pestivirus titration method using the superinfection exclusion phenomenon with recombinant reporter pestiviruses that possessed an 11-amino-acid subunit derived from NanoLuc luciferase (HiBiT). In this method, swine kidney cells were inoculated with classical swine fever virus (CSFV) and superinfected with the reporter CSFV vGPE /HiBiT 5 days postinoculation. Virus titer was determined based on virus growth measured in luminescence using the culture fluid 3 days after superinfection; the resultant virus titer was comparable to that obtained by immunoperoxidase staining. Furthermore, this method has proven to be applicable for the titration of border disease virus (BDV) by superinfection with both the homologous reporter BDV and heterologous reporter CSFV, suggesting that this novel virus titration method is a simple technique for automated virus detection based on the luciferase system.
Pestiviruses are classified into two biotypes based on their cytopathogenicity. As the majority of pestivirus field isolates are noncytopathogenic, their titration requires alternative methods rather than direct observation of cytopathogenic effects, such as immunostaining using specific antibodies or interference with cytopathogenic strains. However, these methods require microscopic observation to assess virus growth, which is time- and labor-intensive, especially when handling several samples. In this study, we developed a novel luciferase-based pestivirus titration method using the superinfection exclusion phenomenon with recombinant reporter pestiviruses that possessed an 11-amino-acid subunit derived from NanoLuc luciferase (HiBiT). In this method, swine kidney cells were inoculated with classical swine fever virus (CSFV) and superinfected with the reporter CSFV vGPE − /HiBiT 5 days postinoculation. Virus titer was determined based on virus growth measured in luminescence using the culture fluid 3 days after superinfection; the resultant virus titer was comparable to that obtained by immunoperoxidase staining. Furthermore, this method has proven to be applicable for the titration of border disease virus (BDV) by superinfection with both the homologous reporter BDV and heterologous reporter CSFV, suggesting that this novel virus titration method is a simple technique for automated virus detection based on the luciferase system.
ArticleNumber 24-0005
Author HIONO, Takahiro
KOBAYASHI, Maya
MIMURA, Yume
OGINO, Saho
ISODA, Norikazu
SAKODA, Yoshihiro
HUYNH, Loc Tan
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  organization: Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
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  organization: Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
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  organization: Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
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  organization: Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
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Keywords superinfection exclusion
classical swine fever virus
pestivirus
infectivity titer
luciferase activity
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References_xml – reference: 5. Ellenberg P, Linero FN, Scolaro LA. 2007. Superinfection exclusion in BHK-21 cells persistently infected with Junín virus. J Gen Virol 88: 2730–2739.
– reference: 4. Dixon AS, Schwinn MK, Hall MP, Zimmerman K, Otto P, Lubben TH, Butler BL, Binkowski BF, Machleidt T, Kirkland TA, Wood MG, Eggers CT, Encell LP, Wood KV. 2016. NanoLuc complementation reporter optimized for accurate measurement of protein interactions in cells. ACS Chem Biol 11: 400–408.
– reference: 16. Meyers G, Thiel HJ. 1995. Cytopathogenicity of classical swine fever virus caused by defective interfering particles. J Virol 69: 3683–3689.
– reference: 9. Howley P, Knipe D. 2021. Flaviviridae. pp. 245–301. In: Fields Virology, 7th ed., Wolters Kluwer, Philadelphia.
– reference: 20. Mittelholzer C, Moser C, Tratschin JD, Hofmann MA. 1998. Porcine cells persistently infected with classical swine fever virus protected from pestivirus-induced cytopathic effect. J Gen Virol 79: 2981–2987.
– reference: 17. Meyers G, Rümenapf T, Thiel HJ. 1989. Ubiquitin in a togavirus. Nature 341: 491.
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Snippet Pestiviruses are classified into two biotypes based on their cytopathogenicity. As the majority of pestivirus field isolates are noncytopathogenic, their...
Pestiviruses are classified into two biotypes based on their cytopathogenicity. As the majority of pestivirus field isolates are noncytopathogenic, their...
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SubjectTerms Animals
Biotypes
Border disease
Cell culture
classical swine fever virus
Classical Swine Fever Virus - genetics
Hog cholera
infectivity titer
luciferase activity
Luciferases - genetics
pestivirus
Pestivirus - genetics
Superinfection
Superinfection - veterinary
superinfection exclusion
Swine
Swine Diseases
Titration
Virology
Viruses
Title Establishment of a superinfection exclusion method for pestivirus titration using a recombinant reporter pestiviruses
URI https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jvms/86/4/86_24-0005/_article/-char/en
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38355118
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https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC11061576
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