Characterization of the Sunset Semi-Continuous Carbon Aerosol Analyzer
The field-deployable Sunset Semi-Continuous Organic Carbon/Elemental Carbon (Sunset OCEC) aerosol analyzer utilizes the modified National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health thermal-optical method to determine total carbon (TC), organic carbon (OC), and elemental carbon (EC) at near real-ti...
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Published in | Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association Vol. 59; no. 7; pp. 826 - 833 |
---|---|
Main Authors | , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
United States
Taylor & Francis Group
01.07.2009
Air and Waste Management Association Taylor & Francis Ltd |
Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
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Abstract | The field-deployable Sunset Semi-Continuous Organic Carbon/Elemental Carbon (Sunset OCEC) aerosol analyzer utilizes the modified National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health thermal-optical method to determine total carbon (TC), organic carbon (OC), and elemental carbon (EC) at near real-time. Two sets of OC and EC are available: thermal OC and EC, and optical OC and EC. The former is obtained by the thermal-optical approach, and the latter is obtained by directly determining EC optically and deriving optical OC from TC. However, the performance of the Sunset OCEC is not yet fully characterized. Two collocated Sunset OCEC analyzers, Unit A and Unit B, were used to determine the pooled relative standard deviation (RSD) and limit of detection (LOD) between September 18 and November 6, 2007 in Richland, WA. The LOD of Unit A was approximately 0.2 μgC/m
3
(0.1 μgC/cm
2
) for TC, optical OC, and thermal OC, and 0.01 μgC/m
3
(0.01 μgC/cm
2
) for optical EC. Similarly, Unit B had an LOD of approximately 0.3 μgC/m
3
(0.2 μgC/cm
2
) for TC, optical OC, and thermal OC, and 0.02 μgC/m
3
(0.01 μgC/cm
2
) for optical EC. The LOD for thermal EC is estimated to be 0.2 μgC/m
3
(0.1 μgC/cm
2
) for both units. The pooled RSDs were 4.9% for TC (carbon mass loadings 0.6-6.0 μgC/cm
2
), 5.6% for optical OC (carbon mass loadings 0.6-5.4 μgC/cm
2
), 5.3% for thermal OC (carbon mass loadings 0.6-5.3 μgC/cm
2
), and 9.6% for optical EC (carbon mass loadings 0-1.4 μgC/cm
2
), which indicates good precision between the instruments. The RSD for thermal EC is higher at 24.3% (carbon mass loadings 0-1.2 μgC/cm
2
). Low EC mass loadings in Richland contributed to the poor RSD of EC. The authors found that excessive noise from the nondispersive infrared (NDIR) laser in the Sunset OCEC analyzer could result in a worsened determination of OC and EC. It is recommended that a "quieter" NDIR laser and detector be used in the Sunset OCEC analyzer to improve quantification. Future work should re-evaluate the precision of the EC parameters in an environment favorable for EC collection. Investigation among quantification differences using various thermal-optical protocols to determine OC and EC is also in need. |
---|---|
AbstractList | The field-deployable Sunset Semi-Continuous Organic Carbon/Elemental Carbon (Sunset OCEC) aerosol analyzer utilizes the modified National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health thermal-optical method to determine total carbon (TC), organic carbon (OC), and elemental carbon (EC) at near real-time. Two sets of OC and EC are available: thermal OC and EC, and optical OC and EC. The former is obtained by the thermal-optical approach, and the latter is obtained by directly determining EC optically and deriving optical OC from TC. However, the performance of the Sunset OCEC is not yet fully characterized. Two collocated Sunset OCEC analyzers, Unit A and Unit B, were used to determine the pooled relative standard deviation (RSD) and limit of detection (LOD) between September 18 and November 6, 2007 in Richland, WA. The LOD of Unit A was approximately 0.2 µgC/m^sup 3^ (0.1 µgC/cm^sup 2^) for TC, optical OC, and thermal OC, and 0.01 µgC/m^sup 3^ (0.01 µgC/cm^sup 2^) for optical EC. Similarly, Unit B had an LOD of approximately 0.3 µgC/m^sup 3^ (0.2 µgC/cm^sup 2^) for TC, optical OC, and thermal OC, and 0.02 µgC/m^sup 3^ (0.01 µgC/cm^sup 2^) for optical EC. The LOD for thermal EC is estimated to be 0.2 µgC/m^sup 3^ (0.1 µgC/cm^sup 2^) for both units. The pooled RSDs were 4.9% for TC (carbon mass loadings 0.6-6.0 µgC/cm^sup 2^), 5.6% for optical OC (carbon mass loadings 0.6-5.4 µgC/cm^sup 2^), 5.3% for thermal OC (carbon mass loadings 0.6-5.3 µgC/cm^sup 2^), and 9.6% for optical EC (carbon mass loadings 0-1.4 µgC/cm^sup 2^), which indicates good precision between the instruments. The RSD for thermal EC is higher at 24.3% (carbon mass loadings 0-1.2 µgC/cm^sup 2^). Low EC mass loadings in Richland contributed to the poor RSD of EC. The authors found that excessive noise from the nondispersive infrared (NDIR) laser in the Sunset OCEC analyzer could result in a worsened determination of OC and EC. It is recommended that a "quieter" NDIR laser and detector be used in the Sunset OCEC analyzer to improve quantification. Future work should re-evaluate the precision of the EC parameters in an environment favorable for EC collection. Investigation among quantification differences using various thermal-optical protocols to determine OC and EC is also in need. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT] The field-deployable Sunset Semi-Continuous Organic Carbon/Elemental Carbon (Sunset OCEC) aerosol analyzer utilizes the modified National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health thermal-optical method to determine total carbon (TC), organic carbon (OC), and elemental carbon (EC) at near real-time. Two sets of OC and EC are available: thermal OC and EC, and optical OC and EC. The former is obtained by the thermal-optical approach, and the latter is obtained by directly determining EC optically and deriving optical OC from TC. However, the performance of the Sunset OCEC is not yet fully characterized. Two collocated Sunset OCEC analyzers, Unit A and Unit B, were used to determine the pooled relative standard deviation (RSD) and limit of detection (LOD) between September 18 and November 6, 2007 in Richland, WA. The LOD of Unit A was approximately 0.2 μgC/m 3 (0.1 μgC/cm 2 ) for TC, optical OC, and thermal OC, and 0.01 μgC/m 3 (0.01 μgC/cm 2 ) for optical EC. Similarly, Unit B had an LOD of approximately 0.3 μgC/m 3 (0.2 μgC/cm 2 ) for TC, optical OC, and thermal OC, and 0.02 μgC/m 3 (0.01 μgC/cm 2 ) for optical EC. The LOD for thermal EC is estimated to be 0.2 μgC/m 3 (0.1 μgC/cm 2 ) for both units. The pooled RSDs were 4.9% for TC (carbon mass loadings 0.6-6.0 μgC/cm 2 ), 5.6% for optical OC (carbon mass loadings 0.6-5.4 μgC/cm 2 ), 5.3% for thermal OC (carbon mass loadings 0.6-5.3 μgC/cm 2 ), and 9.6% for optical EC (carbon mass loadings 0-1.4 μgC/cm 2 ), which indicates good precision between the instruments. The RSD for thermal EC is higher at 24.3% (carbon mass loadings 0-1.2 μgC/cm 2 ). Low EC mass loadings in Richland contributed to the poor RSD of EC. The authors found that excessive noise from the nondispersive infrared (NDIR) laser in the Sunset OCEC analyzer could result in a worsened determination of OC and EC. It is recommended that a "quieter" NDIR laser and detector be used in the Sunset OCEC analyzer to improve quantification. Future work should re-evaluate the precision of the EC parameters in an environment favorable for EC collection. Investigation among quantification differences using various thermal-optical protocols to determine OC and EC is also in need. The field-deployable Sunset Semi-Continuous Organic Carbon/Elemental Carbon (Sunset OCEC) aerosol analyzer utilizes the modified National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health thermal-optical method to determine total carbon (TC), organic carbon (OC), and elemental carbon (EC) at near real-time. Two sets of OC and EC are available: thermal OC and EC, and optical OC and EC. The former is obtained by the thermal-optical approach, and the latter is obtained by directly determining EC optically and deriving optical OC from TC. However, the performance of the Sunset OCEC is not yet fully characterized. Two collocated Sunset OCEC analyzers, Unit A and Unit B, were used to determine the pooled relative standard deviation (RSD) and limit of detection (LOD) between September 18 and November 6, 2007 in Richland, WA. The LOD of Unit A was approximately 0.2 microgC/m3 (0.1 microgC/cm2) for TC, optical OC, and thermal OC, and 0.01 microgC/m3 (0.01 microgC/cm2) for optical EC. Similarly, Unit B had an LOD of approximately 0.3 microgC/m3 (0.2 microgC/cm2) for TC, optical OC, and thermal OC, and 0.02 microgC/m3 (0.01 microgC/cm2) for optical EC. The LOD for thermal EC is estimated to be 0.2 microgC/m3 (0.1 microgC/cm2) for both units. The pooled RSDs were 4.9% for TC (carbon mass loadings 0.6-6.0 microgC/cm2), 5.6% for optical OC (carbon mass loadings 0.6-5.4 microgC/cm2), 5.3% for thermal OC (carbon mass loadings 0.6-5.3 microgC/ cm2), and 9.6% for optical EC (carbon mass loadings 0-1.4 microgC/cm2), which indicates good precision between the instruments. The RSD for thermal EC is higher at 24.3% (carbon mass loadings 0-1.2 microgC/cm2). Low EC mass loadings in Richland contributed to the poor RSD of EC. The authors found that excessive noise from the nondispersive infrared (NDIR) laser in the Sunset OCEC analyzer could result in a worsened determination of OC and EC. It is recommended that a "quieter" NDIR laser and detector be used in the Sunset OCEC analyzer to improve quantification. Future work should re-evaluate the precision of the EC parameters in an environment favorable for EC collection. Investigation among quantification differences using various thermal-optical protocols to determine OC and EC is also in need. The field-deployable Sunset Semi-Continuous Organic Carbon/Elemental Carbon (Sunset OCEC) aerosol analyzer utilizes the modified National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health thermal-optical method to determine total carbon (TC), organic carbon (OC), and elemental carbon (EC) at near real-time. Two sets of OC and EC are available: thermal OC and EC, and optical OC and EC. The former is obtained by the thermal-optical approach, and the latter is obtained by directly determining EC optically and deriving optical OC from TC. However, the performance of the Sunset OCEC is not yet fully characterized. Two collocated Sunset OCEC analyzers, Unit A and Unit B, were used to determine the pooled relative standard deviation (RSD) and limit of detection (LOD) between September 18 and November 6,2007 in Richland, WA. The LOD of Unit A was approximately 0.2 ugC/m3 (0.1 ugC/cm2) for TC, optical OC, and thermal OC, and 0.01 ugC/m3 (0.01 ugC/cm2) for optical EC. Similarly, Unit B had an LOD of approximately 0.3 ugC/m3 (0.2 ugC/cm2) for TC, optical OC, and thermal OC, and 0.02 ugC/m3 (0.01 ugC/cm2) for optical EC. The LOD for thermal EC is estimated to be 0.2 ugC/m3 (0.1 ugC/cm2) for both units. The pooled RSDs were 4.9% for TC (carbon mass loadings 0.6-6.0 ugC/cm2), 5.6% for optical OC (carbon mass loadings 0.6-5.4 ugC/cm2), 5.3% for thermal OC (carbon mass loadings 0.6-5.3 ugC/ cm2), and 9.6% for optical EC (carbon mass loadings 0-1.4 ugC/cm2), which indicates good precision between the instruments. The RSD for thermal EC is higher at 24.3% (carbon mass loadings 0-1.2 ugC/cm2). Low EC mass loadings in Richland contributed to the poor RSD of EC. The authors found that excessive noise from the nondispersive infrared (NDIR) laser in the Sunset OCEC analyzer could result in a worsened determination of OC and EC. It is recommended that a 'quieter' NDIR laser and detector be used in the Sunset OCEC analyzer to improve quantification. Future work should re-evaluate the precision of the EC parameters in an environment favorable for EC collection. Investigation among quantification differences using various thermal-optical protocols to determine OC and EC is also in need. |
Audience | Academic |
Author | Yu, Xiao-Ying Bauer, Jace J. Laulainen, Nels Berkowitz, Carl Cary, Robert |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Jace J. surname: Bauer fullname: Bauer, Jace J. organization: Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences , Purdue University – sequence: 2 givenname: Xiao-Ying surname: Yu fullname: Yu, Xiao-Ying email: xiaoying.yu@pnl.gov. organization: Atmospheric Science and Global Change Division , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory – sequence: 3 givenname: Robert surname: Cary fullname: Cary, Robert organization: Sunset Laboratory, Inc – sequence: 4 givenname: Nels surname: Laulainen fullname: Laulainen, Nels organization: Atmospheric Science and Global Change Division , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory – sequence: 5 givenname: Carl surname: Berkowitz fullname: Berkowitz, Carl organization: Atmospheric Science and Global Change Division , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory |
BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19645267$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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Cites_doi | 10.1002/9780470773666 10.1017/CBO9780511546013 |
ContentType | Journal Article |
Copyright | Copyright 2009 Air & Waste Management Association 2009 COPYRIGHT 2009 Air and Waste Management Association Copyright Air and Waste Management Association Jul 2009 |
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Snippet | The field-deployable Sunset Semi-Continuous Organic Carbon/Elemental Carbon (Sunset OCEC) aerosol analyzer utilizes the modified National Institute for... |
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SubjectTerms | Aerosols Aerosols - analysis Air Pollutants - analysis Air Pollutants - chemistry Analytical instruments Carbon Carbon - analysis Carbon compounds Carbon dioxide Climate change Collection Data collection Detectors Environmental monitoring Environmental Monitoring - instrumentation Gases Health Infrared Lasers Measurement Methods Noise Occupational safety Particulate Matter - analysis Particulate Matter - chemistry Protocol Real time Reproducibility of Results Standard deviation Sunset |
Title | Characterization of the Sunset Semi-Continuous Carbon Aerosol Analyzer |
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