Protein supplementation improves lean body mass in physically active older adults: a randomized placebo‐controlled trial
Background An inadequate protein intake may offset the muscle protein synthetic response after physical activity, reducing the possible benefits of an active lifestyle for muscle mass. We examined the effects of 12 weeks of daily protein supplementation on lean body mass, muscle strength, and physic...
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| Published in | Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle Vol. 10; no. 2; pp. 298 - 310 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Germany
John Wiley & Sons, Inc
01.04.2019
John Wiley and Sons Inc Wiley |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | Background
An inadequate protein intake may offset the muscle protein synthetic response after physical activity, reducing the possible benefits of an active lifestyle for muscle mass. We examined the effects of 12 weeks of daily protein supplementation on lean body mass, muscle strength, and physical performance in physically active older adults with a low habitual protein intake (<1.0 g/kg/day).
Methods
A randomized double‐blinded controlled trial was performed among 116 physically active older adults [age 69 (interquartile range: 67–73) years, 82% male] who were training for a 4 day walking event of 30, 40, or 50 km/day. Participants were randomly allocated to either 31 g of milk protein or iso‐caloric placebo supplementation for 12 weeks. Body composition (dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry), strength (isometric leg extension and grip strength), quadriceps contractile function, and physical performance [Short Physical Performance Battery, Timed Up‐and‐Go test, and cardiorespiratory fitness (Åstrand–Rhyming submaximal exercise test)] were measured at baseline and after 12 weeks. We assessed vitamin D status and markers of muscle damage and renal function in blood and urine samples before and after intervention.
Results
A larger increase in relative lean body mass was observed in the protein vs. placebo group (∆0.93 ± 1.22% vs. ∆0.44 ± 1.40%, PInteraction = 0.046). Absolute and relative fat mass decreased more in the protein group than in the placebo group (∆−0.90 ± 1.22 kg vs. ∆−0.31 ± 1.28 kg, PInteraction = 0.013 and ∆−0.92 ± 1.19% vs. ∆−0.39 ± 1.36%, PInteraction = 0.029, respectively). Strength and contractile function did not change in both groups. Gait speed, chair‐rise ability, Timed Up‐and‐Go, and cardiorespiratory fitness improved in both groups (P < 0.001), but no between‐group differences were observed. Serum urea increased in the protein group, whereas no changes were observed in the placebo group (PInteraction < 0.001). No between‐group differences were observed for vitamin D status, muscle damage, and renal function markers.
Conclusions
In physically active older adults with relatively low habitual dietary protein consumption, an improvement in physical performance, an increase in lean body mass, and a decrease in fat mass were observed after walking exercise training. A larger increase in relative lean body mass and larger reduction in fat mass were observed in participants receiving 12 weeks of daily protein supplementation compared with controls, whereas this was not accompanied by differences in improvements between groups in muscle strength and physical performance. |
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| AbstractList | Abstract Background An inadequate protein intake may offset the muscle protein synthetic response after physical activity, reducing the possible benefits of an active lifestyle for muscle mass. We examined the effects of 12 weeks of daily protein supplementation on lean body mass, muscle strength, and physical performance in physically active older adults with a low habitual protein intake (<1.0 g/kg/day). Methods A randomized double‐blinded controlled trial was performed among 116 physically active older adults [age 69 (interquartile range: 67–73) years, 82% male] who were training for a 4 day walking event of 30, 40, or 50 km/day. Participants were randomly allocated to either 31 g of milk protein or iso‐caloric placebo supplementation for 12 weeks. Body composition (dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry), strength (isometric leg extension and grip strength), quadriceps contractile function, and physical performance [Short Physical Performance Battery, Timed Up‐and‐Go test, and cardiorespiratory fitness (Åstrand–Rhyming submaximal exercise test)] were measured at baseline and after 12 weeks. We assessed vitamin D status and markers of muscle damage and renal function in blood and urine samples before and after intervention. Results A larger increase in relative lean body mass was observed in the protein vs. placebo group (∆0.93 ± 1.22% vs. ∆0.44 ± 1.40%, PInteraction = 0.046). Absolute and relative fat mass decreased more in the protein group than in the placebo group (∆−0.90 ± 1.22 kg vs. ∆−0.31 ± 1.28 kg, PInteraction = 0.013 and ∆−0.92 ± 1.19% vs. ∆−0.39 ± 1.36%, PInteraction = 0.029, respectively). Strength and contractile function did not change in both groups. Gait speed, chair‐rise ability, Timed Up‐and‐Go, and cardiorespiratory fitness improved in both groups (P < 0.001), but no between‐group differences were observed. Serum urea increased in the protein group, whereas no changes were observed in the placebo group (PInteraction < 0.001). No between‐group differences were observed for vitamin D status, muscle damage, and renal function markers. Conclusions In physically active older adults with relatively low habitual dietary protein consumption, an improvement in physical performance, an increase in lean body mass, and a decrease in fat mass were observed after walking exercise training. A larger increase in relative lean body mass and larger reduction in fat mass were observed in participants receiving 12 weeks of daily protein supplementation compared with controls, whereas this was not accompanied by differences in improvements between groups in muscle strength and physical performance. An inadequate protein intake may offset the muscle protein synthetic response after physical activity, reducing the possible benefits of an active lifestyle for muscle mass. We examined the effects of 12 weeks of daily protein supplementation on lean body mass, muscle strength, and physical performance in physically active older adults with a low habitual protein intake (<1.0 g/kg/day). A randomized double-blinded controlled trial was performed among 116 physically active older adults [age 69 (interquartile range: 67-73) years, 82% male] who were training for a 4 day walking event of 30, 40, or 50 km/day. Participants were randomly allocated to either 31 g of milk protein or iso-caloric placebo supplementation for 12 weeks. Body composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), strength (isometric leg extension and grip strength), quadriceps contractile function, and physical performance [Short Physical Performance Battery, Timed Up-and-Go test, and cardiorespiratory fitness (Åstrand-Rhyming submaximal exercise test)] were measured at baseline and after 12 weeks. We assessed vitamin D status and markers of muscle damage and renal function in blood and urine samples before and after intervention. A larger increase in relative lean body mass was observed in the protein vs. placebo group (∆0.93 ± 1.22% vs. ∆0.44 ± 1.40%, P = 0.046). Absolute and relative fat mass decreased more in the protein group than in the placebo group (∆-0.90 ± 1.22 kg vs. ∆-0.31 ± 1.28 kg, P = 0.013 and ∆-0.92 ± 1.19% vs. ∆-0.39 ± 1.36%, P = 0.029, respectively). Strength and contractile function did not change in both groups. Gait speed, chair-rise ability, Timed Up-and-Go, and cardiorespiratory fitness improved in both groups (P < 0.001), but no between-group differences were observed. Serum urea increased in the protein group, whereas no changes were observed in the placebo group (P < 0.001). No between-group differences were observed for vitamin D status, muscle damage, and renal function markers. In physically active older adults with relatively low habitual dietary protein consumption, an improvement in physical performance, an increase in lean body mass, and a decrease in fat mass were observed after walking exercise training. A larger increase in relative lean body mass and larger reduction in fat mass were observed in participants receiving 12 weeks of daily protein supplementation compared with controls, whereas this was not accompanied by differences in improvements between groups in muscle strength and physical performance. Background An inadequate protein intake may offset the muscle protein synthetic response after physical activity, reducing the possible benefits of an active lifestyle for muscle mass. We examined the effects of 12 weeks of daily protein supplementation on lean body mass, muscle strength, and physical performance in physically active older adults with a low habitual protein intake (<1.0 g/kg/day). Methods A randomized double‐blinded controlled trial was performed among 116 physically active older adults [age 69 (interquartile range: 67–73) years, 82% male] who were training for a 4 day walking event of 30, 40, or 50 km/day. Participants were randomly allocated to either 31 g of milk protein or iso‐caloric placebo supplementation for 12 weeks. Body composition (dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry), strength (isometric leg extension and grip strength), quadriceps contractile function, and physical performance [Short Physical Performance Battery, Timed Up‐and‐Go test, and cardiorespiratory fitness (Åstrand–Rhyming submaximal exercise test)] were measured at baseline and after 12 weeks. We assessed vitamin D status and markers of muscle damage and renal function in blood and urine samples before and after intervention. Results A larger increase in relative lean body mass was observed in the protein vs. placebo group (∆0.93 ± 1.22% vs. ∆0.44 ± 1.40%, PInteraction = 0.046). Absolute and relative fat mass decreased more in the protein group than in the placebo group (∆−0.90 ± 1.22 kg vs. ∆−0.31 ± 1.28 kg, PInteraction = 0.013 and ∆−0.92 ± 1.19% vs. ∆−0.39 ± 1.36%, PInteraction = 0.029, respectively). Strength and contractile function did not change in both groups. Gait speed, chair‐rise ability, Timed Up‐and‐Go, and cardiorespiratory fitness improved in both groups (P < 0.001), but no between‐group differences were observed. Serum urea increased in the protein group, whereas no changes were observed in the placebo group (PInteraction < 0.001). No between‐group differences were observed for vitamin D status, muscle damage, and renal function markers. Conclusions In physically active older adults with relatively low habitual dietary protein consumption, an improvement in physical performance, an increase in lean body mass, and a decrease in fat mass were observed after walking exercise training. A larger increase in relative lean body mass and larger reduction in fat mass were observed in participants receiving 12 weeks of daily protein supplementation compared with controls, whereas this was not accompanied by differences in improvements between groups in muscle strength and physical performance. BackgroundAn inadequate protein intake may offset the muscle protein synthetic response after physical activity, reducing the possible benefits of an active lifestyle for muscle mass. We examined the effects of 12 weeks of daily protein supplementation on lean body mass, muscle strength, and physical performance in physically active older adults with a low habitual protein intake (<1.0 g/kg/day).MethodsA randomized double‐blinded controlled trial was performed among 116 physically active older adults [age 69 (interquartile range: 67–73) years, 82% male] who were training for a 4 day walking event of 30, 40, or 50 km/day. Participants were randomly allocated to either 31 g of milk protein or iso‐caloric placebo supplementation for 12 weeks. Body composition (dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry), strength (isometric leg extension and grip strength), quadriceps contractile function, and physical performance [Short Physical Performance Battery, Timed Up‐and‐Go test, and cardiorespiratory fitness (Åstrand–Rhyming submaximal exercise test)] were measured at baseline and after 12 weeks. We assessed vitamin D status and markers of muscle damage and renal function in blood and urine samples before and after intervention.ResultsA larger increase in relative lean body mass was observed in the protein vs. placebo group (∆0.93 ± 1.22% vs. ∆0.44 ± 1.40%, PInteraction = 0.046). Absolute and relative fat mass decreased more in the protein group than in the placebo group (∆−0.90 ± 1.22 kg vs. ∆−0.31 ± 1.28 kg, PInteraction = 0.013 and ∆−0.92 ± 1.19% vs. ∆−0.39 ± 1.36%, PInteraction = 0.029, respectively). Strength and contractile function did not change in both groups. Gait speed, chair‐rise ability, Timed Up‐and‐Go, and cardiorespiratory fitness improved in both groups (P < 0.001), but no between‐group differences were observed. Serum urea increased in the protein group, whereas no changes were observed in the placebo group (PInteraction < 0.001). No between‐group differences were observed for vitamin D status, muscle damage, and renal function markers.ConclusionsIn physically active older adults with relatively low habitual dietary protein consumption, an improvement in physical performance, an increase in lean body mass, and a decrease in fat mass were observed after walking exercise training. A larger increase in relative lean body mass and larger reduction in fat mass were observed in participants receiving 12 weeks of daily protein supplementation compared with controls, whereas this was not accompanied by differences in improvements between groups in muscle strength and physical performance. An inadequate protein intake may offset the muscle protein synthetic response after physical activity, reducing the possible benefits of an active lifestyle for muscle mass. We examined the effects of 12 weeks of daily protein supplementation on lean body mass, muscle strength, and physical performance in physically active older adults with a low habitual protein intake (<1.0 g/kg/day).BACKGROUNDAn inadequate protein intake may offset the muscle protein synthetic response after physical activity, reducing the possible benefits of an active lifestyle for muscle mass. We examined the effects of 12 weeks of daily protein supplementation on lean body mass, muscle strength, and physical performance in physically active older adults with a low habitual protein intake (<1.0 g/kg/day).A randomized double-blinded controlled trial was performed among 116 physically active older adults [age 69 (interquartile range: 67-73) years, 82% male] who were training for a 4 day walking event of 30, 40, or 50 km/day. Participants were randomly allocated to either 31 g of milk protein or iso-caloric placebo supplementation for 12 weeks. Body composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), strength (isometric leg extension and grip strength), quadriceps contractile function, and physical performance [Short Physical Performance Battery, Timed Up-and-Go test, and cardiorespiratory fitness (Åstrand-Rhyming submaximal exercise test)] were measured at baseline and after 12 weeks. We assessed vitamin D status and markers of muscle damage and renal function in blood and urine samples before and after intervention.METHODSA randomized double-blinded controlled trial was performed among 116 physically active older adults [age 69 (interquartile range: 67-73) years, 82% male] who were training for a 4 day walking event of 30, 40, or 50 km/day. Participants were randomly allocated to either 31 g of milk protein or iso-caloric placebo supplementation for 12 weeks. Body composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), strength (isometric leg extension and grip strength), quadriceps contractile function, and physical performance [Short Physical Performance Battery, Timed Up-and-Go test, and cardiorespiratory fitness (Åstrand-Rhyming submaximal exercise test)] were measured at baseline and after 12 weeks. We assessed vitamin D status and markers of muscle damage and renal function in blood and urine samples before and after intervention.A larger increase in relative lean body mass was observed in the protein vs. placebo group (∆0.93 ± 1.22% vs. ∆0.44 ± 1.40%, PInteraction = 0.046). Absolute and relative fat mass decreased more in the protein group than in the placebo group (∆-0.90 ± 1.22 kg vs. ∆-0.31 ± 1.28 kg, PInteraction = 0.013 and ∆-0.92 ± 1.19% vs. ∆-0.39 ± 1.36%, PInteraction = 0.029, respectively). Strength and contractile function did not change in both groups. Gait speed, chair-rise ability, Timed Up-and-Go, and cardiorespiratory fitness improved in both groups (P < 0.001), but no between-group differences were observed. Serum urea increased in the protein group, whereas no changes were observed in the placebo group (PInteraction < 0.001). No between-group differences were observed for vitamin D status, muscle damage, and renal function markers.RESULTSA larger increase in relative lean body mass was observed in the protein vs. placebo group (∆0.93 ± 1.22% vs. ∆0.44 ± 1.40%, PInteraction = 0.046). Absolute and relative fat mass decreased more in the protein group than in the placebo group (∆-0.90 ± 1.22 kg vs. ∆-0.31 ± 1.28 kg, PInteraction = 0.013 and ∆-0.92 ± 1.19% vs. ∆-0.39 ± 1.36%, PInteraction = 0.029, respectively). Strength and contractile function did not change in both groups. Gait speed, chair-rise ability, Timed Up-and-Go, and cardiorespiratory fitness improved in both groups (P < 0.001), but no between-group differences were observed. Serum urea increased in the protein group, whereas no changes were observed in the placebo group (PInteraction < 0.001). No between-group differences were observed for vitamin D status, muscle damage, and renal function markers.In physically active older adults with relatively low habitual dietary protein consumption, an improvement in physical performance, an increase in lean body mass, and a decrease in fat mass were observed after walking exercise training. A larger increase in relative lean body mass and larger reduction in fat mass were observed in participants receiving 12 weeks of daily protein supplementation compared with controls, whereas this was not accompanied by differences in improvements between groups in muscle strength and physical performance.CONCLUSIONSIn physically active older adults with relatively low habitual dietary protein consumption, an improvement in physical performance, an increase in lean body mass, and a decrease in fat mass were observed after walking exercise training. A larger increase in relative lean body mass and larger reduction in fat mass were observed in participants receiving 12 weeks of daily protein supplementation compared with controls, whereas this was not accompanied by differences in improvements between groups in muscle strength and physical performance. Background An inadequate protein intake may offset the muscle protein synthetic response after physical activity, reducing the possible benefits of an active lifestyle for muscle mass. We examined the effects of 12 weeks of daily protein supplementation on lean body mass, muscle strength, and physical performance in physically active older adults with a low habitual protein intake (<1.0 g/kg/day). Methods A randomized double‐blinded controlled trial was performed among 116 physically active older adults [age 69 (interquartile range: 67–73) years, 82% male] who were training for a 4 day walking event of 30, 40, or 50 km/day. Participants were randomly allocated to either 31 g of milk protein or iso‐caloric placebo supplementation for 12 weeks. Body composition (dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry), strength (isometric leg extension and grip strength), quadriceps contractile function, and physical performance [Short Physical Performance Battery, Timed Up‐and‐Go test, and cardiorespiratory fitness (Åstrand–Rhyming submaximal exercise test)] were measured at baseline and after 12 weeks. We assessed vitamin D status and markers of muscle damage and renal function in blood and urine samples before and after intervention. Results A larger increase in relative lean body mass was observed in the protein vs. placebo group (∆0.93 ± 1.22% vs. ∆0.44 ± 1.40%, PInteraction = 0.046). Absolute and relative fat mass decreased more in the protein group than in the placebo group (∆−0.90 ± 1.22 kg vs. ∆−0.31 ± 1.28 kg, PInteraction = 0.013 and ∆−0.92 ± 1.19% vs. ∆−0.39 ± 1.36%, PInteraction = 0.029, respectively). Strength and contractile function did not change in both groups. Gait speed, chair‐rise ability, Timed Up‐and‐Go, and cardiorespiratory fitness improved in both groups (P < 0.001), but no between‐group differences were observed. Serum urea increased in the protein group, whereas no changes were observed in the placebo group (PInteraction < 0.001). No between‐group differences were observed for vitamin D status, muscle damage, and renal function markers. Conclusions In physically active older adults with relatively low habitual dietary protein consumption, an improvement in physical performance, an increase in lean body mass, and a decrease in fat mass were observed after walking exercise training. A larger increase in relative lean body mass and larger reduction in fat mass were observed in participants receiving 12 weeks of daily protein supplementation compared with controls, whereas this was not accompanied by differences in improvements between groups in muscle strength and physical performance. |
| Author | Hopman, Maria T.E. Eijsvogels, Thijs M.H. Timmers, Silvie Groot, Lisette C.P.G.M. Haaf, Dominique S.M. Horstman, Astrid M.H. Bongers, Coen C.W.G. |
| AuthorAffiliation | 2 FrieslandCampina Amersfoort The Netherlands 3 Human and Animal Physiology Wageningen University Wageningen The Netherlands 4 Division of Human Nutrition and Health Wageningen University Wageningen The Netherlands 1 Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences Radboud University Medical Center P.O. Box 9101 Nijmegen The Netherlands |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 4 Division of Human Nutrition and Health Wageningen University Wageningen The Netherlands – name: 1 Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences Radboud University Medical Center P.O. Box 9101 Nijmegen The Netherlands – name: 2 FrieslandCampina Amersfoort The Netherlands – name: 3 Human and Animal Physiology Wageningen University Wageningen The Netherlands |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Dominique S.M. orcidid: 0000-0001-5095-8688 surname: Haaf fullname: Haaf, Dominique S.M. organization: Radboud University Medical Center – sequence: 2 givenname: Thijs M.H. orcidid: 0000-0003-0747-4471 surname: Eijsvogels fullname: Eijsvogels, Thijs M.H. organization: Radboud University Medical Center – sequence: 3 givenname: Coen C.W.G. orcidid: 0000-0003-0055-5308 surname: Bongers fullname: Bongers, Coen C.W.G. organization: Radboud University Medical Center – sequence: 4 givenname: Astrid M.H. orcidid: 0000-0003-4866-7368 surname: Horstman fullname: Horstman, Astrid M.H. organization: FrieslandCampina – sequence: 5 givenname: Silvie orcidid: 0000-0003-2852-5274 surname: Timmers fullname: Timmers, Silvie organization: Wageningen University – sequence: 6 givenname: Lisette C.P.G.M. orcidid: 0000-0003-2778-2789 surname: Groot fullname: Groot, Lisette C.P.G.M. organization: Wageningen University – sequence: 7 givenname: Maria T.E. orcidid: 0000-0001-9504-5452 surname: Hopman fullname: Hopman, Maria T.E. email: maria.hopman@radboudumc.nl organization: Wageningen University |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30848096$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | 2019 The Authors. Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of the Society on Sarcopenia, Cachexia and Wasting Disorders 2019 The Authors. Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of the Society on Sarcopenia, Cachexia and Wasting Disorders. 2019. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. Wageningen University & Research |
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| References | 2007; 39 2009; 89 2017; 7 2017; 8 2015; 70 2013; 24 1997; 273 2004; 7 2015; 145 2013; 20 2016; 146 2016; 74 2004; 1 2008; 101 2018; 48 2018; 6 2018; 9 2014; 5 2013; 14 2006; 61 2014; 3 2010; 24 2015; 83 2013; 12 1954; 7 2016; 116 2011; 25 2014; 9 2012; 24 2015; 6 1991; 39 2015; 16 2007 1999; 22 2013; 93 2006; 18 2016; 91 2018; 22 2011; 8 2007; 81–82 2001; 21 20180; 148 2011; 105 2011; 2011 2015; 69 2015; 27 2012; 3 1965; 176 2017; 12 2011; 43 2008; 87 2013 2009; 107 2010; 91 2017; 106 2009; 106 e_1_2_10_23_1 e_1_2_10_21_1 e_1_2_10_44_1 e_1_2_10_42_1 e_1_2_10_40_1 e_1_2_10_2_1 e_1_2_10_4_1 e_1_2_10_18_1 e_1_2_10_53_1 e_1_2_10_6_1 e_1_2_10_16_1 e_1_2_10_39_1 e_1_2_10_55_1 e_1_2_10_8_1 e_1_2_10_14_1 e_1_2_10_37_1 e_1_2_10_57_1 e_1_2_10_13_1 e_1_2_10_34_1 e_1_2_10_11_1 Kobayashi H (e_1_2_10_32_1) 2010; 24 e_1_2_10_30_1 e_1_2_10_51_1 e_1_2_10_29_1 RIVM (e_1_2_10_26_1) 2013 e_1_2_10_27_1 e_1_2_10_25_1 e_1_2_10_48_1 e_1_2_10_24_1 e_1_2_10_45_1 e_1_2_10_22_1 e_1_2_10_43_1 e_1_2_10_20_1 e_1_2_10_41_1 World Health Organization (e_1_2_10_10_1) 2007 Hita‐Contreras F (e_1_2_10_46_1) 2013; 20 e_1_2_10_52_1 e_1_2_10_3_1 e_1_2_10_19_1 e_1_2_10_54_1 e_1_2_10_5_1 e_1_2_10_17_1 e_1_2_10_38_1 e_1_2_10_56_1 e_1_2_10_7_1 e_1_2_10_15_1 e_1_2_10_36_1 e_1_2_10_12_1 e_1_2_10_35_1 e_1_2_10_9_1 e_1_2_10_33_1 e_1_2_10_31_1 e_1_2_10_50_1 e_1_2_10_28_1 e_1_2_10_49_1 e_1_2_10_47_1 |
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An inadequate protein intake may offset the muscle protein synthetic response after physical activity, reducing the possible benefits of an active... An inadequate protein intake may offset the muscle protein synthetic response after physical activity, reducing the possible benefits of an active lifestyle... BackgroundAn inadequate protein intake may offset the muscle protein synthetic response after physical activity, reducing the possible benefits of an active... Background An inadequate protein intake may offset the muscle protein synthetic response after physical activity, reducing the possible benefits of an active... Abstract Background An inadequate protein intake may offset the muscle protein synthetic response after physical activity, reducing the possible benefits of an... |
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| SubjectTerms | Afdeling Humane voeding Age Aged Aged, 80 and over Biomarkers Body Composition Carbohydrates Chair Nutrition and Pharmacology (HNE) Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Diet Dietary Proteins Dietary Supplements Elderly Exercise Fatigue Female Force Gait Geriatric Assessment Heart rate HNE Nutrition and Pharmacology HNE Voeding en Farmacologie Human Nutrition Human Nutrition & Health Human Nutrition (HNE) Humane Voeding Humane Voeding & Gezondheid Humans Lactose Male Middle Aged Muscle Muscle Contraction Muscle function Muscle Strength Muscle, Skeletal - physiopathology Nutrition Assessment Nutritional Biology and Health Older people Original Physical fitness Physical Functional Performance Protein Protein synthesis Proteins Questionnaires Randomized clinical trial VLAG Voedingsbiologie en Gezondheid Walking |
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| Title | Protein supplementation improves lean body mass in physically active older adults: a randomized placebo‐controlled trial |
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